• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2013

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 CA-MRSA로 인한 소아의 세균성 근골격계 감염의 임상양상을 연구하기로 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 9월부터 2012년 8월까지 12년간 분당 차병원에 입원한 18세 이하의 환아 중 혈액과 관절액, 조직이나 고름의 세균 배양검사에서 S. aureus가 동정된 환아를 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아 수는 총 31례였으며 중간값은 7세(최소 17일, 최대 18세)이다. 화농성 관절염으로 진단된 경우는 11례(35.5%), 골수염은 16례(51.6%), 화농성 관절염과 골수염이 병발된 경우는 5례(16.1%)였다. 환아의 혈액이나 관절액, 조직이나 고름 등에서 동정된 S. aureus 31례 중 MSSA는 25례(80.6%), MRSA는 6례(19.4%)였다. 검출된 균주 중 다제내성균은 관찰되지 않았다. MRSA가 배양되었던 6례는 모두 2006년 이후 발생하였다. 모든 증례에서 항생제가 투여되었으며 항생제 투여 기간은 $26.4{\pm}12.7$일이었고, 첫 항생제로 반코마이신을 동반 사용한 경우는 4례(12.9%)였으며 10례(32.3%)에서 최종 항생제로 반코마이신이 투여되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통하여 최근 12년간 세균성 근골격계 감염에서 MRSA의 발생은 연구기간 후반에 편중되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Thirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and nonsmokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.05) compared to baseline. The increases in GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in non-smokers (P<0.05) than in electronic cigarette users at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Levels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2014

Fall is one of the most intimidating health conditions in elders. Comprehensive assessment is necessary to understand the individual and environmental aspects of the falls such as balancing abilities, depression, and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the balancing ability, depression, and quality of life between elderly fallers and elderly non-fallers. Thirty-two community-dwelling elders (fifteen males and seventeen females between 65 and 83 years old), who have experienced fall on walking during last twelve months, were involved in the elderly fallers group. And twenty-four males and twenty-two females between 65 and 83 years old of community-dwelling elders, who have no experienced fall on walking during last twelve months, were involved in the elderly non-fallers group. Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), and functional reach test (FRT), were used to evaluate the ability of the physical balance. 'Beck depression scale in Korean' questionnaire was used to assess the depression. 'Korean version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument-Bref' questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. The results were as follows: 1) Balancing abilities measured by the BBS, TUG in the elderly fallers group were meaningfully lower than that of the elderly non-fallers group (p<.05), whereas no significant difference in the FRT was found (p>.05). 2) Depression level in the elderly fallers group was significantly higher than that of the elderly non-fallers group (p<.05). 3) Quality of life in the elderly fallers group was significantly lower than that of the elderly non-fallers group, excluding environment domain (p<.05). Therefore, in order for clinical evaluation of the community-dwelling elders those with reduced balancing ability, it is necessary to evaluate and understand the fall experience, depression, and quality of life.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2006

한우 종모우에 있어 정액 채취시 승가 조건(의빈우 혹은 의빈대)이 정액성상에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 의빈우 승가 종모우 21두, 의빈대승가 종모우 9두 등 보증 종모우 30두를 공시하여 연구하였다. 정액은 $3{\sim}6$일 간격으로 채취하였으며 채취 당일 1시간 간격으로 총 2회 정액 채취하여 6개월간 정액성상을 조사하였다. 의빈대 승가 종모우가 의빈우 승가 종모우보다 1차 및 2차 정자농도에 있어 유의적으로 높아(p<0.05) 1차 및 2차 총 정자수에서도 많았으며 특히 l차 총 정자수는 유의적으로 많게 나타났다(p<0.05). 종모우 승 가 조건(의빈대, 의빈우)에 상관없이 5일 간격으로 정액 채취시가 정액량이 많아(p<0.05) 총 정자수가 많았으며 의빈대를 이용하여 5일 간격으로 정액 채취시가 총 정자수가 다른 모든 처리군보다 많았다. 의빈대 승가 종모우는 $4{\sim}5$세에서 총 정자 수가 높게 나타났으며 의빈우 승가 종모우는 $6{\sim}7$세에서 총 정자수가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 한우 종모우에서 의빈대를 이용하여 정액을 채취하는 것이 의빈우를 이용 할 때 보다 정액 생산성이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.120-124
• /
• 2008

연구목적 : 본 연구는 홧병 클리닉을 방문한 환자를 대상으로 임상증상과 MMPI상의 성격특성을 조사해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 2005년 12월부터 2006년 7월(7개월간)까지 이대 동대문 병원 내 가슴앓이 홧병 클리닉에 내원한 31명의 여성 환자($45.4{\pm}8.4$세)를 대상으로 호소하는 증상에 대해 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였고 신체적 검사를 시행하였다. 광고를 통해 모집된 31명의 여성 대조군($42.9{\pm}8.0$세)을 포함한 전체 대상군에게 MMPI를 완성하도록 하였다. 결과 : 홧병 클리닉 환자들이 호소한 주 증상은 31명 모두 가슴 답답함 혹은 통증을 호소하였으며, 소화기계 증상은 총 19명(61.3%)에서 있었다. 호흡기계 증상은 13명(41.9%)에서 관찰할 수 있었으며, 수면 장애는 12명 (38.7%)에서 있었다. 불안, 우울감 같은 정신과적 증상은 12명(38.7%)이 호소하였다. 8명(27.6%)의 환자에서 시행한 검사상 소화기계 질환이 진단되었다. 나이와 교육수준을 통제했을 때, 홧병 환자군에서 MMPI 소항목 척도 중 Hs(Hypochondriasis), D(Depression), Hy(Hysteria), Pt(Psychasthenia) 점수가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.001, p=0.049, p=0.000 and p=0.029, ANCOVA, respectively). 결론 : 본 연구에서 홧병 클리닉을 방문한 환자들은 다양한 신체 질환을 호소하였고, 27.6%의 환자에서 실제 신체질환이 진단되었다. 또한, 홧병클리닉 환자들의 성격 특징은 건강염려적이고, 우울하며, 스트레스에 미숙하고, 불안하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2023

Little is known of the life history of Garcinia kola; the objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the fruiting age and tree size of the species in a coastal humid tropical climate plantation condition. A total 103 trees were used in the study viz; 80 ten-year-old trees at reproductive maturity onset and 13 thirty-year-old trees with several cycles of reproduction that constitute two independent variables. Data collected were age of onset of flowering and size at reproductive maturity onset. Relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was estimated as size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) divided by asymptotic maximal size (AMS). Data analysis was conducted using pairwise t-test and principal component analysis (PCA). Reproductive maturity onset (flowering) was recorded in the ten-year-old stand eight (8) years after planting. Mean size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) was height 5.32±1.7 m, dbh 0.11±0.03 m, total number of branches was 29.6±7.3, crown depth 5.24±1.05 m, crown diameter was 4.78±0.7 m, branch diameter 0.098±0.01 m, leaf length 0.13±0.02 m, leaf breadth 0.37±0.01 m, twig length 0.35±0.11 m and leaf per twig 6±0.84 and asymptotic maximal size (AMS) was height 19.85±0.76 m, dbh 0.95±0.09 m, total number of branches 62±5, crown depth 18.83±0.7 m, crown diameter 12.5±1.64 m, branch diameter 0.5±1.6 m, leaf length 0.16±0.023 m, leaf breadth 0.45±0.12 m, twig length 0.37±0.11 m and leaf per twig 19±7.5. Pairwise t-test analysis showed there was significant differences between SOM and AMS in all growth factors except leaf length, leaf breadth, and twig length. Highest relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was recorded in leaf length 0.82, twig length 0.82, and leaf breadth 0.80, while, the lowest was branch diameter 0.11. Four components out of the total of eleven were extracted to explain the relationship in RSOM: Principal component one (PC1) explained 37.23%; PC2 26.4%, PC3 22.73%, and PC4 13.64%.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.275-287
• /
• 1993

An ecological survey of food and nutrition was conducted in April and May, among 278 children, 6 to 12 years old, of the Youido elementary school, which offers no school lunch program, and is situated in Youido delta of Han River side of Seoul, known as the location of one of the socioeconomically high groups; Eighteen percent and 18.3% of subjects were proven to be overweight and obese, respectively. With regard to frequency of skipping breakfast, 28.4% of the subjects skipped breakfast often and 2.5% of subjects skipped breakfast every morning. Obese children showed good appetite and the time consumed for eating was shorter than those of normal or overweight children. Most serious anxiety among the mothers for those children was food habit of `eating rapidly' and `overeating'. Another striking observation was that 14.4% of the subjects ate only one side-dish with boiled rice, and such a pattern was more often found in the normal or slim group. Most of the subjects had their snacks after being back in home from school. Thirty-one percent of the children had snacks when they felt hungry, 69% had snacks for various reasons such as `habitually', `for unwinding', and `mother gives me snacks'. Thirty-eight percent of the boys and 19% of the girls had physical exercise everyday and overweight and obese children got exercise more frequently. But the time consumed for exercise was much more shorter than that of normal subjects. Most of the children liked fruits, meats, and biscuit, in contrast, lowest preferency was for vegetables, fermented fish products, and boiled rice mixed with other grains. Obese children experienced more kinds of food than normal or slim group. The study found that habits of overeating due to good appetite and eating rapidly were recognized as one of dominant reasons causing obesity among children. On the other hand, serious dietary problem of children of normal or slim group was eating less variety of food. Active nutrition education for both children and mothers will be recommended with joint participation of teachers.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.277-296
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 보육교사의 교사효능감, 전문성 수준이 교사-유아 상호작용에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 그에 따른 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 20대 교사보다 30대 이상의 교사에게서 교사효능감, 전문성 수준 및 교사-유아 상호작용이 높게 나타났다. 교사의 평가인증경험에 따라서는 교사효능감과 전문성 수준이 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 교사효능감은 평가인증경험이 없는 집단보다 평가인증경험이 2회 이상인 집단이 높게 나타났고, 교사의 전문성 수준은 평가인증경험이 없는 집단과 1회인 집단보다 평가인증경험이 2회 이상인 집단이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 교사효능감, 전문성 수준 및 교사-유아 상호작용간의 관계를 알아본 결과, 교사효능감은 전문성 수준, 교사-유아 상호작용과 정적 상관이 나타났고, 교사의 전문성 수준은 교사-유아 상호작용과 정적 상관이 나타났다. 셋째, 사회인구학적 변인(교사의 연령, 경력, 평가인증경험), 교사효능감 및 전문성 수준이 교사-유아 상호작용에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 살펴 본 결과, 교사의 연령이 높을수록 교사-유아 언어적 상호작용에, 교사의 경력이 높을수록 교사-유아 행동적 상호작용에 미치는 영향력이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 교사의 연령과 교사효능감, 전문성 수준이 높을수록 교사-유아 상호작용 전체에 미치는 영향력이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.163-174
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to gather basic data on dietitian's general characteristics, working conditions, job achievement and job satisfaction. Thereby, a formulation can be worked out to improve dietitian's job achievement and satisfaction. The study was conducted during one week period, spanning July 23 to July 30, 1998. The method of the study was to distribute 560 questionnaires to the primary school dieticians working in the city of Tae Jun, located in Choong-Cheong Province. Out of 560 questionnaires that was distributed, 327 were returned. Moreover, 318 out of 327 questionnaires that was returned was valid enough to be processed by the SAS Program. About sixty percent of the respondents(61.1%) indicated that they were between 26 to 30 years old. Moreover, approximately half of the respondents(48.8%) were unmarried. In terms of the level of education, the bachelor's degree was reported as the most common education level(56.3%), while 3.8% of the participants reported achieving graduate degrees. The number of years in working in the profession ranged from 2 to 5 years. Furthermore, approximately 74% of the respondents indicated that, on average, they earned over ￦800,000 per month. In terms of the type of the school setting, 52.8% of the respondents worked in the urban setting, whereas, 60.0% worked in the rural school setting. Of these schools, about thirty eight percent(38.7%) of the schools were relatively small sized schools(400 students or less ). In terms of dietitian's sense of job satisfaction, the areas that showed relatively high level of satisfaction was in the menu control work(3.90) and purchase control work(3.90). However, appallingly low job satisfaction was indicated in the areas of personnel management (2.96%), and nutritional education and counsel(2.73%). Furthermore, job satisfaction varied greatly depending on age, wage, type of the food service, and type of school. The highest satisfaction was indicated in the areas of supervisory position(3.42), work itself(3.31%), co-workers(3.11). Other facets that led to job satisfaction were periodic wage increase(2.19%) and promotion opportunities(2.79%). In conclusion dietitian's job achievement showed significant correlation with job satisfaction. The study suggests that, in order to improve the overall job satisfaction of the dieticians, it is necessary to improve the working conditions of dieticians in primary schools. Secondly, there is a necessity for improving the status of the dieticians by raising the salary and treating the dieticians with the same level of respect in comparison with teachers or executive officials. Finally, another way of raising the job satisfaction of the dieticians is to provide opportunity for continuing education. So that, they can further their career in their chosen field.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2015

목적: 호산구성 수막염은 척수액에서 호산구가 ${\geq}10/mm^3$ 또는 백혈구 중 10% 이상인 것으로 정의하며, 기생충에 의한 신경계 감염으로 주로 보고된다. 기생충에 의한 감염이 흔한 국가 외에서는 호산구성 수막염에 관한 소아에 대한 국내외 보고는 드물다. 이 연구는 국내 단일기관에서 소아 호산구성 수막염 임상특징 분석하고자 한다. 방법: 2007년 1월에서 2012년 7월까지 5년간 세브란스 어린이병원을 방문한(입원, 외래) 18세 미만의 환자들 총 6,335명을 스크리닝했고, 그 중 호산구성 수막염에 맞는 39명을 대상으로 의무기록을 바탕으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 뇌척수액 검사상 호산구성 수막염으로 진단된 환자는 39명(0.6%)이었으며, 평균연령은 6세(생후 7일-18세)였고, 남녀의 비는 1.3:1이었다. 혈액검사에서 호산구 증가가 동반되는 경우가 18례(46%) 있었다. 기저질환 및 과거력으로 신경계 질환 36례(92%) 있었다. 항경련제를 복용한 경우는 22례가 있었고, 이외 다른 약물의 복용이 1례 있었다. 뇌수술 이후에 발생한 경우가 35례(90%)였다. 증상은 주로 발열(50%), 두통(20%), 구토(15%), 경련(10%), 어지러움증(5%) 등이 있었다. 뇌척수액의 단백 수치는 평균 180 mg/dL (16-633 mg/dL)로 상승된 값을 보였다. 증상 지속시간은 평균 5일로 치료는 정맥 항생제 및 스테로이드를 투여하였다. 세균배양 된 예가 1례, 애완동물을 기른 예가 1례 있었고 이외에 기생충 관련된 정보는 없었다. 결론: 국내 소아 호산구성 수막염은 기생충 감염보다는 중추신경계의 수술과 관련 있거나 약제에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 호산구성 수막염의 원인을 잘 고려하여 불필요한 검사나 치료를 줄일 수 있을 것이며, 향후 다기관을 통한 분석이 필요하다.