• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.952-962
• /
• 2005

To explore the relationship between economic status and food and nutrient intake patterns, the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey result was analyzed. Dietary intake data of 6,978 Korean adults of 20 years and older who participated in the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used along with their demographic data. Economic status of the subjects was classified into the following 4 groups based on the self-reported average monthly income of household with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE) in 2001 : low < $100\%$ MLE $\leq$ middle < $200\%$ MLE $\leq$ high < $300\%$ MLE $\leq$ higher, Individuals in the higher income class had significantly higher mean intake for most of the nutrients including energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C, and a higher percentage of energy intake from fat. In addition, they consumed more animal foods including meats, eggs, fish/shellfish, milk/dairy products and fats. On the other hand, the mean intakes of individuals in the lower economic class for calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than $75\%$ of RDAs. And, there was a predominant difference in contribution of fat to total energy intake among the groups of different economic status. These results showed that household income is an important factor influencing the food and nutrient intake patterns of the Korean adult population. Although individuals at different age classes may respond differently to a change in economic status, developing and implementing nutrition policy and intervention programs for those nutritionally vulnerable groups should consider the economic status as an important factor to customize and differentiate the content of the Program. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $952\∼962$, 2005)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 1985

A survey of 113 children, aged 4 to 6 years, of the San Cheon a day care center, located in the upland, over populated, poor area of Seoul City, was conducted from July 28 to September 6, 1982, to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, and prevalence of parasitic inpection. House size was 10.1 Pyung; number of households per house, 3.1; number of family member per household, 4.8; and number of family members living together per room, 3.7; on the average. Only 49% of households possess own houses and the others live in the rented houses. About 40% of mothers were engaged income-producing activities within or outside of the home. Mean values of height, weight, arm circumference, girth of chest, and girth of head ranged from 98.4 to 102.2% of KIST mean. However, 13% of the subjects were assessed as undernutrition for 'weight for height'. Mean value of hemoglobin was $12.9{\pm}2.9\;g/dl$ and mean hematocrit value was $35.2{\pm}5.5%$; 17.9% of the subjects were proven to be anemic according to the criteria of the WHO. The positive prevalence of parasitic inpection was 3.3%, significantly lower than that observed in any other area, probably because of community parasitic control project. Intakes of energy and nutrients except thiamin and ascorbic acid were far below RDAs. Carbohydrates for energy provided 71. 2 to 73.8% of total energy intake; protein accounted 11.3 to 12.2%; fat provided 14.5 to 16.6%. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, evening meal and snack, on the average, in a percentage of 22.0; 23.4; 24.4; 30.2. There was significant correlation between pattern of food consumption and nutrient intakes. The nutrient intakes and quality of foods were highly correlated to the maternal factors, especially mother's educational level. The study suggested that development of nutrition guides for mother and children would be needed to improve nutritional status of those young children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 1980

The main purposes of the nutrition and clinical surveys were to provide baseline information on the nutritional status of pre-school children in rural health demonstration project areas of the Korea Health Development Institute (KHDI) for nutrition guidance services for the MCH target group. The survey covered a total of 222 pre-school children and 135 mothers in Okgu Gun, Cholla Pukto Province from August 10 to August 17, 1979. The survey results are summarized as follows: 1) Family Environment Seventy percent of the households had more than three children, and the mean family sire was 6. Sixty-nine percent of the mothers and 47% of the fathers of the surveyed households were educated at or below the primary school level. The majority, 70% of the mothers, were aged between 20 years and 35 years. 2) Anthropometric Measurements and Hemoglobin Value 4.5% of the children were lower than 80% weight for age of the Korean standard, and 5.4% were lower than 85% arm circumference for age of the Jelliffe's standard resectively, and those were suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. Angular stomatitis were observed on 66.2% of the subjects. Mean hemoglobin value was 11.1g/100m1, and 44.2% of the subjects were categorized as anaemia. 3) Food and Nutrient Intake of animal foods was very low, ranging from 2.9 to 17%. Consumption of eggs was less than 2% of total food intake, and intake of legumes was also very scanty, between 0.8 to 3.7%. These data present evidence of very poor protein intake, quality as well as quantity. Energy intake of children was 60.0 to 64.4% of the recommended allowance, and mean protein intake only met 47.4% of the recommendation. Low intake of vitamins except thiamin were also found. 4) Mother's Nutrition Knowledge Eighty-five percent of the mothers were entirely ignorant regarding the 'five basic food group' which is most important fact on food and nutrition guidance. Mean knowledge score from 14 basic questions about food and nutrition was as low as 5.1. There was a significant positive correlation between mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score. 5) Family Planning Variable There were significant correlation among maternal, family planning variables, and some of the nutritional and physical measurements. The study revealed that the mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score are more crucial factors than the family planning variables on effecting food intakes on children. Recommendation : According to the results of the surveys, there were high incident rates of nutritional anaemia and angular stomatitis among pre-school children, and most of rural women had very limited knowledge about food and nutrition. As a main part of the health education activities, the community health workers should provide nutrition education to the village mothers to improve the nutrional status of young children in rural areas. Nutrional promotion at the primary health care level should be mainly based on appropriate nutrition education.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.521-528
• /
• 1996

서울시내 일부 지역의 여고생들을 대상으로 일반 환경, 식생활 환경, 영양소 섭취실태를 설문 조사하여 조사대상자들의 영향섭취와 각 변인과의 관계를 연구하였다. 조사대상자의 부모연령은 40~49세인 경우가 가장 많았고, 학력은 고졸이 높게 나타났으며 동거 가족 수는 4~5명, 가족의 한달 수입은 100~150만원이 가장 많았고, 일주일 용돈은 5천원 이상이 45.8%이었다. 평균신장은 160.2cm, 평균체중은 52.3kg, 비만도는 96.8, BMI지수는 20.3, R hrer지수는 1.27이었으며 전체적으로 저체중 쪽으로 기울어 있었다. 또한 조사대상자들은 자신의 바람직한 체중을 표준체중보다 낮게 설정하고 있었으며 저체중군과 정상군일수록 비율이 높았다.(P<0.001) 한편 식습관 점수는 44.17점으로 낮았고 46.7%가 poor group에 속해 식습관이 불량하였다. 1일 1인당 섭취열량은 권장량의 86.4%인 1814kcal, 단백질은 107.7%인 70g을 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 단백질과 비타민 A, 비타민 C를 제외한 대부분의 영양소는 권장량에 미치지 못하였다. 영양소 섭취에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 부모의 학력과 월 총 수입, 식사 횟수, 간식 횟수, 식습관 점수 등였다. 식습관 점수는 부모의 학력, 수입이 증가할수록 높았고 식습관 점수가 높을수록 1일 식사 횟수, 간식 횟수도 증가하였다. 이상을 종합해보면 조사대상 여고생들은 자신의 체형을 정확히 판단하지 못하고, 자신에게 바람직한 체중도 낮게 설정하고 있고, 올바르지 못한 식습관과 영양소 섭취 실태를 보이고 있다. 여고생들이 불량한 식습관과 저체중 선호하는 경향이 다음의 성인기로 이어져 자유로운 식행동을 하게 될 경우 더 큰 문제점을 야기시킬 것으로 생각된다. 그러므로 건강한 체형에 대한 바른 판단과 올바른 식습관의 정립을 위하여 학교와 가정에서의 영양교육이 필요하다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.338-348
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the health and nutritional status of 123 middle aged men at their worksite in Taejon. The results of this study on the factors that influence their health and nutritional status were as follows : 1) 74.8$\%$ of the subjects had history in the order of alimentary, heat, liver, diabetic and pulmonary diseases. 30.3$\%$ stopped smoking at 42.3% yrs. and 74.5$\%$ smoked more than 10 cigarets per day. Also 71.9$\%$ drank 2-3 times per week and 35.3$\%$ drank 1-2 times per week. 91.4$\%$ exercised more than 30min every day. 2) 54.4% showed concerns about their health whereas 20.3$\%$ were afraid that they night get sick. 3) 90.4$\%$ ate regularly and 54.5$\%$ worried about their cholesterol, salt, fat and MSG intakes. 48.7$\%$ ate out 1-2times per week and their favorite foods eaten outside were Korea. 4) 41.5$\%$ were classified as 'normal A', 30.9$\%$ 'normal B' group and high blood pressure and liber diseases in 'doubtful for disease' group were pointed out from their 1996 health check ups. 5) By Broca index, 39.8$\%$ were overweight and 9.8% were obese however by BMI only 23.6% were overweight. According to the relationship between calculated and self recognized obesity, 62.4$\%$ categorized themselves into the right weight range but 34.3$\%$ thought they were thinner than they were. 6) 43.9$\%$ were border line in cholesterol intake and 12.1$\%$ needed medical care for high blood cholesterol. 7) The Average energy intake was 1970.6㎉(80.9$\%$ RDA) with a 65 :19 : 16 ratio of carbohydrate : protein : fat. Protein, Fe, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and Vit. A. 8) Occupation, regularity of meals, partner's job, income. smoking, alcohol drinking, health concerns and eating out were the factors that influenced the subject's nutrient intakes and health status. from this study, it was found that middle aged men needs to know their health and nutritional status and to be educated correct health and nutritional information through formal or informal channel. The worksite is the vest place to do this and we want these results to be used to develop the nutrition education program for middle aged men at the worksite.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 1992

식품섭취조사가 228명을 대상으로 실시되어, 확률분포의 형태에 대한 연구가 시도되었다. (연령이 19세에서 54세인 96명의 성인남자, 연령이 20세에서 46세인 성인여자, 9세에서 11세인 54명의 남나 어린이, 8세에서 11세인 51명의 여자어린이가 조사되었음). 각 메뉴별로 식품 섭취량의 분포는 형태가 달랐으며, 대부분의 식품 섭취량은 정상분포를 하지 않았다. 두 끼니의 영양 섭취량이, 각 끼니별로 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물, 섬유소, 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 라이신, 비타민 C 가 계산되고, 그 분포형태가 정상분포인가 조사되었다. 성인여자의 경우 메뉴에 따라서 정상분포를 보였다. 성인여자의 영양소섭취의 경우, 첫째끼니의 비타민 C 섭취량과 둘째 끼니의 칼슘이 정상분포이고, 다른 것은 정상분포가 아니었다. 성인여자와 어린이의 경우 정상분포를 보인 영양소도 있었다. 각 영양소 섭취량의 분포에서 어떤 특별한 형태를 찾기는 어려웠으며, 식품섭취나 영양섭취가 정상분포를 하고 있다고 가정하기는 어려웠다. 그러므로, 식품 섭취나 영양 섭취 자료에 정상분포의 가정하에 이루어지는 통계분석을 시도하기 위해서는 이 자료가 정상분포가 확인이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.505-514
• /
• 2020

The symbiotic nature of the relationship between algae and marine bacteria is well-studied among the complex microbial interactions. The mutual profit between algae and bacteria occurs via nutrient and vitamin exchange. It is necessary to analyze the genome sequence of a bacterium to predict its symbiotic relationships. In this study, the genome of a marine bacterium, Pseudoruegeria sp. M32A2M, isolated from the south-eastern isles (GeoJe-Do) of South Korea, was sequenced and analyzed. A draft genome (91 scaffolds) of 5.5 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 62.4% was obtained. In total, 5,101 features were identified from gene annotation, and 4,927 genes were assigned to functional proteins. We also identified transcription core proteins, RNA polymerase subunits, and sigma factors. In addition, full flagella-related gene clusters involving the flagellar body, motor, regulator, and other accessory compartments were detected even though the genus Pseudoruegeria is known to comprise non-motile bacteria. Examination of annotated KEGG pathways revealed that Pseudoruegeria sp. M32A2M has the metabolic pathways for all seven vitamin Bs, including thiamin (vitamin B1), biotin (vitamin B7), and cobalamin (vitamin B12), which are necessary for symbiosis with vitamin B auxotroph algae. We also identified gene clusters for seven secondary metabolites including ectoine, homoserine lactone, beta-lactone, terpene, lasso peptide, bacteriocin, and non-ribosomal proteins.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 1978

This study is based on data from the nutritional and clinical survey in Chung Nam area, namely Myl-Yang-Ri, Yoon-Gok-Myon, Chyung Yang Koon. Under the direction of two Nutrition professors and two clinical pathology professors it was carried by 35 Dae Jeun medical Junior College students majoring in nutrition and clinical pathology from 18 July to 25 July 1978. The nutrition surveys were carried out with subjects in village from a total 67 households, 36 of them were randomly selected. The clinical surveys were carried out with subjects in village from a total 382 inhabitant, 154 inhabitant were randomly selected and 109 peoples were subjected to stool examination. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1) Nutritional survey a) Food Intake The average food intake per person per day in survey area was 929.9 grams (95.5% in vegetables and 4.5% in animal foods). The average consumption of the basicfood groups per person per day was 965g for meats and legumes (10.4% of the total food in take). 268.9g for fruits and vegetables (29% of the total food intake), 559.1g for cereals and potatoes(60.1% of the total food intake), 5.2g for milk and small fishes and 0.2g for fats and oils. b) Nutrient Intake The average daily consumption of calories and nutrients was 2054.1 kcal and 61.2g for total proteins, 223.2mg for calcium, 9.5mg for iron, 4914.4 IU for vitamin A, 1.5mg for thiamin, 1.2mg for riboflavin, 19.9mg for niacin and 54.7mg for ascorbic acid. When these figures are compared with the recommended allowances for Korean, the calories and nutrients intakes were insufficient. Especially the intakes of the calcium were lower than the recommended allowance which are 500 milligrams per day. c) Kinds of food stuffs consumed The kinds of food stuffs consumed by the subjects were 47 figures total. Generally these kinds of food were vegetables food. 2) Clinical Survey a) The mean value of hemoglobin from 72 males was 13.2g/dl, that of 82 females was 12.3g/dl. b) The proportion of low hemoglobin (<12.2g/dl for male and <11.3g/dl fo female) for male was 20.8%, females was 11.0% and from 24 male & female (both sexes) were 15.6% c) The mean value of Hematocrit of males was 39.6%, that of females was 37.4%. d) The mean value of MCHC of males was 33.9%, that of females was 33.6%. e) The ABO blood group was distributed as following; 30.5%, for group O, 29.2% for group A, 24.0% for group B, and 16.3% for AB group. Biochemical race index was 1.13. f) The over all prevalence rate of heminthic infectious by rate of each helminth was as following; Ascaris lumbricoides 33.9%, Thrichocephalus trichiurus 11.9%, Hookworm 0.9%, Hymenolepis diminuta 0.9%, Trichostromgylus orientalis 0.9% and the prevalence rate of two more helminthic infection was 7.2%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.126-133
• /
• 1980

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutritional status of special working persons related to health status, nutrient intake and living environment. The survey was conducted on workers in 9 general hospitals and 2 factories from Nov. 24 in 1979 to Jan. 20 in 1980. Nurses, medical doctors on intership or residency, and factory workers were chosen as subjects because of their irregular working hours, i.e., they sometimes work during the day and. sometimes at night. The total number of subjects was 417 for nurses, for medical doctors was 91, and was 216 for factory workers, all together 724 subjects were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Average nutrient intake of subjects per day. For nurses the caloric intake was 1743 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 251g(57.6%), protein 81g (18.5%), and fat 46g (23.9%). Other nutrient intake, such as iron (16mg), thiamin (0.98mg), riboflavin (1mg) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For male medical doctors, the caloric intake was 2064 Kcal, This was composed of carbohydrate 288g (55.8%), protein 102g (19.8%) and fat 56g (24.4%). Other nutrient consumption, such as riboflavin (1.31mg) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For female medical doctors, the caloric intake was 1909 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 156g(53.7%), protein 90g (18.9%) and fat 58g (27.4%). For male factory workers, caloric intake was 1699 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 317g(74.5%), protein 64g (15.0%) and fat 20g(10.5%). Other nutrient intake, such as vitamin A (4765IU), ascorbic acid (46mg) and riboflavin (1.11mg) were lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For female factory workers, the caloric intake was 1630 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 287g (70.5%), protein 65g (15.8%) and fat 25g (13.7%). Other nutrient consumption, such as iron (15mg), riboflavin (1.04mg), ascorbic acid (42mg), and vitamin A (4334IU) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. The percentage of animal protein to total protein was 65.2% in nurses, 67.4% in male medical doctors, 64.9% in female medical doctors, 38.6% in male factory workers, and 45.6% in female factory workers. 2) The average Kaup's value of subjects was 1.9 in nurses, 2.2 in male mcdical doctors, 1.9 in female medical doctors, 2.0 in male factory workers, and 2.1 in female factory workers. 3) The health status of subjects according to their self diagnosed answer was as follows; The percentage of food health was 82. 7% in nurse, 82.7% in nurse, 83.5% in medical doctor, and 56% in factory workers. The remainder answered that they were in poor health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.474-485
• /
• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of nutrient intakes of adults aged 20-64 years in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas in comparison with Seoul and the whole nation. Data from the 1st (1998) to 3rd (2005) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used. Total numbers of subjects were 296-369 from Daegu and 307-447 from Gyeongbuk while 1076-1244 from Seoul and 5436-6852 from the whole nation. Average energy intakes (men; 2,386, 2,581, 2,305 Kcal, women; 1,937, 1,981, 1,804 Kcal in 1998, 2001, 2005, respectively) of the subjects from Daegu were higher than those from Gyeongbuk (men; 2309, 2267, 2487 Kcal, women; 1,851, 1,845, 1,901 Kcal) and those from Seoul in 1998 and 2001 but not different from those in 2005. Energy from carbohydrate was consistently higher in the subjects from Daegu and Gyeongbuk than in those from Seoul from 1998 to 2005, when the subjects whose carbohydrate energy was over 70% comprised 34 to 58% of the total in the two regions. In 2005, the average intakes of calcium of women and men from Daegu were 512 and 573 mg, iron, 12.8 and 16.6 mg, sodium, 4,650 and 5,951 mg, potassium, 2,585 and 3,152 mg, vitamin A, 823 and 1,038 ${\mu}$gRE, thiamin, 1.10 and 1.43 mg, riboflavin, 1.08 and 1.33 mg, and niacin. 15.4 and 19.3 mg, and vitamin C, 94 and 105 mg and these intakes were not very different from those from Gyeongbuk except higher sodium intake of the Gyeongbuk subjects. Nutrients of which the intakes were over 50% lower than EAR were calcium and riboflavin and those about 30% lower than EAR were iron in women, vitamins A and C in men and women from Daegu and Gyeongbuk. From the present results, it is concluded that high dependence on carbohydrate as energy source and low calcium intake in adults of Daegu and Gyeongbuk are serious and that low intakes of riboflavin, iron and vitamins A and C need to be improved. But changes in the intakes of total energy and other micronutrients from 1998 to 2005 were not reliable enough to judge the regional nutrition due to large variations during this period. The present study also provides the adults' nutrient intakes separated by sex and age groups in the three regions which could be readily used for setting up the nutrition policy for the adults in the regions.