• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

The TCP domain is a DNA-binding domain present in plant transcription factors and plays important roles in various biological functions. The hydrogen exchange rate constants of the imino protons were determined for the three DNA duplexes containing the DNA-binding sites for the TCP11, TCP15, and TCP20 transcription factors using NMR spectroscopy. The M11 duplex displays unique hydrogen exchange property of the five base pairs in the first binding site (5'-GTGGG-3'). However, the M15 and M20 duplexes lead to clear changes in thermal stabilities of these five base pairs. The unique dynamic features of the five base pairs in the first binding site might play crucial roles in the sequence-specific DNA binding of the class I TCP transcription factors.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2013

The TCP domain is a DNA-binding domain present in plant transcription factors and has a similar structural feature to the bHTH motif of eukaryotic transcription factors. The imino proton exchange study has been performed for the DNA duplex containing the consensus DNA-binding site for the AtTCP11 transcription factor. The first two base pairs in the consensus 5'-GTGGG-3' sequence are relatively very unstable but lead to greater stabilization of the neighboring two G C base pairs. These unique dynamic features of the five base pairs in the consensus DNA sequence might play crucial roles in the effective DNA binding of the AtTCP11 protein.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.299-302
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• 2006

A combinatorial library of artificial transcription factors (ATFs) was introduced into the bacterial cells that expressed the Akt1-GFP fusion protein. By measuring the level of fluorescence generated by the transformed E. coli cells, we were able to obtain clones in which ATFs increased the solubility of the Akt1. Our results show that ATF library is a useful tool for increasing the solubility of selected recombinant proteins in E. coli.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

Aspergillosis is a life-threatening disease in individuals with compromised immune systems. Fungal invasion is a highly critical process during host cellular infection. Several papers have reported that transcription factors are responsible for the infection process. To investigate what transcription factors are involved in the process in an effort to inhibit fungal infection into cells, I checked the surfactant protein family and PU.1 transcription factor levels in A549 cells infected with A. fumigatus conidia. PU.1 and surfactant protein-D levels were reduced in cells infected with fungal conidia. I then observed an increase in surfactant protein-D on PU.1-overexpressed cells. Infection of A. fumigatus conidia was decreased in PU.1-overexpressed cells, whereas the suppression of PU.1 did not lead to any changes in cases of A. fumigatus conidia infection. These results indicate that PU.1 inhibits the infection of A. fumigatus conidia via the expression of surfactant protein-D, suggesting that PU.1 is a key transcription factor for protection against A. fumigatus invasion.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

WRKY transcription factors are known to be involved in many different biological processes including plant response to biotic stress, abiotic stress, and plant development. WRKY proteins are extensively studied in Arabidopsis. Recently, reports on WRKY proteins are rapidly increasing in the other plant species, especially in rice. Therefore, this review will discuss the function of rice WRKY proteins reported so far.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2012

Transcription factors govern diverse aspects of cell growth and differentiation as major switches of gene expression. Etv5, a member of the E26 transformation-specific family of transcription factors, has many stories to share when it comes to reproduction. Etv5 deficient mice show complex infertility phenotypes both in males and females. In males, the infertility phenotype exhibited by Etv5 deficiency is sexually dimorphic, and it involves both somatic cells and germ cells. In $Etv5^{-/-}$ female mice, the problem is more complicated by hormonal involvement. This review synthesizes old and new information on this versatile transcription factor-from the inadvertent discovery of its role in the testes to its newly discovered role in maintaining spermatogonial stem cells.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2019

Interferon tau (IFNT) regulation, an anti-luteolytic factor produced by conceptuses of the ruminant ungulates, is essential for the maintenance of early pregnancy, but a definitive mechanism for its temporal transcription has not been elucidated. We and others have observed the T-box protein eomesodermin (EOMES) exhibited high mRNA expression in the ovine embryonic trophectoderm; thus, both caudal-relatedhomeobox-2 (CDX2) and EOMES coexist during the early stages of conceptus development. Objective of this study was to examine the effect of EOMES on ovine IFNT gene transcription when evaluated with CDX2, ETS2 and AP1 transcription factors implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the trophectoderm. In this study, quantitatively via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis between ovine trophoblast cells was initially performed, finding that transcription factors CDX2 and 'EOMES transcription factor mRNAs' were specific to trophectoderm cells. These mRNAs were also found in days 15, 17, and 21 ovine conceptuses. Furthermore, human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells (trophoblast cell line) were cotransfected with an ovine IFNT (-654bp)-luciferase reporter (-654-oIFNT-Luc) construct and several transcription factor expression plasmids. Cotransfection of the reporter construct with CDX2, ETS2 and AP1 increased transcription of -654-oIFNT-Luc by about 11-fold compared with transfection of the construct alone. When cells were initially transfected with EOMES followed by transfection with CDX2, ETS2 and/or AP1, the expression of -654-oIFNT-Luc was decreased. Also, EOMES factor inhibited the stimulatory activity of CDX2 alone. These results suggest that when conceptuses attach to the uterine epithelium, ovine IFNT gene transcription is down-regulated by an increase of EOMES factor expression in the attached ovine trophoblast cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2023

Enhancers are cis-elements to regulate transcription of cell/tissue-specific genes in multicellular organisms. These elements locate in upstream or downstream regions of target genes and are found in a long distance up to 100 Kb in some cases. Transcription factors and coactivators bind to enhancers in a chromatin environment. Enhancers appear to facilitate the transcription of target genes by communicating with promoters and activating them. As transcription activation mechanism of enhancers, chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters, tracking of enhancer activity to promoters along the intervening regions, and movement of enhancers and promoters into transcription condensates have been suggested based on various molecular and cellular biology studies. These mechanisms are likely to act together rather than exclusive each other for gene transcription. Understanding of enhancer action mechanism may provide a way to regulate the transcription of cell/tissue-specific genes relating with aging or various diseases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

Purpose: Bone tissues for clinical application can be improved by studies on osteoblast differentiation. Runx2 is known to be an important transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 treatment to stimulate Runx2 is not sufficient to acquire enough bone formation in osteoblasts. Therefore, it is necessary to find other regulatory factors which can improve the transcriptional activity of Runx2. The erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family is reported to be involved in various aspects of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Methods: We have noticed that the promoters of osteoblast differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), and osteocalcin (Oc) contain Ets binding sequences which are also close to Runx2 binding elements. Luciferase assays were performed to measure the promoter activities of these osteoblast differentiation markers after the transfection of Runx2, myeloid Elf-1-like factor (MEF), and Runxs+MEF. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was also done to check the mRNA levels of Opn after Runx2 and MEF transfection into rat osteoblast (ROS) cells. Results: We have found that MEF, an Ets transcription factor, increased the transcriptional activities of Alp, Opn, and Oc. The addition of Runx2 resulted in the 2- to 6-fold increase of the activities. This means that these two transcription factors have a synergistic effect on the osteoblast differentiation markers. Furthermore, early introduction of these two Runx2 and MEF factors significantly elevated the expression of the Opn mRNA levels in ROS cells. We also showed that Runx2 and MEF proteins physically interact with each other. Conclusions: Runx2 interacts with MEF proteins and binds to the promoters of the osteoblast markers such as Opn nearby MEF to increase its transcriptional activity. Our results also imply that osteoblast differentiation and bone formation can be increased by activating MEF to elicit the synergistic effect of Runx2 and MEF.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.263-281
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• 2014

전사인자는 식물에서 유전자 발현을 조절하기 위해 필수적이며, 유전자의 promoter나 enhancer 부위에 결합하며, 기본 전사 조절, 전사의 향상, 발달, 세포내 신호전달, 환경에 반응, 세포 주기의 조절 등의 역할을 수행한다. 옥수수 게놈의 염기서열 분석은 전사인자의 유전자 발현 조절의 기작을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. 과거 옥수수의 전체 게놈의 중복으로 옥수수에서 4,000개 이상의 전사인자가 코딩 될 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 옥수수의 ABI3/VP1, AP2/EREBP, ARF, ARID, AS2, AUX/IAA, BES1, bHLH, bZIP, C2C2-CO-like, C2C2-Dof, C2C2-GATA, C2C2-YABBY, C2H2, E2F/DP, FHA, GARP-ARR-B, GeBP, GRAS, HMG, HSF, MADS, MYB, MYB-related, NAC, PHD, WRKY 전사인자의 특징을 간략히 서술하고, 전사인자의 염기서열을 분석하여 sequence logo를 통하여 각각의 도메인을 표시하였다. 이러한 전사인자 및 관련된 유전자의 분자생물학적 연구는 옥수수에서 중요한 기능을 하는 유전자의 발굴 및 육종을 위한 목표 유전자의 선발에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.