• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2011

High-quality double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were synthesized by catalytic decomposition method at $800^{\circ}C$ using Tetrahydrofuran. The as-synthesized DWCNTs typically have catalytic impurities and amorphous carbon, which were removed by two-step purification process, consisting of thermal oxidation and H2O2, HNO3, HCl treatment. The DWCNT suspension was prepared by dispersing the purified DWCNTs in an aqueous sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution with horn-type sonication. This was then sprayed on ITO glass to fabricate CNT field emitters. The quality of purified DWCNTs was estimated with X-ray diffraction and Thermal Gravity Analysis. The field emission properties were improved by increasing the process time of HCl treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.589-594
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• 2002

Changes in the content of volatile terpenoids were investigated with heat-treated carrot. As heat treatment temperature became higher, the amount of volatile terpenoids decreased significantly. According to heat-treatment period, the volatile terpenoids, a-pinene and total terpenoids, decreased drastically during the initial 30-minutes of heat treatment but the rate of decrease slowed down afterwards. When changes in the content of volatile terpenoids in carrot juice were investigated according to sterilization temperature and period, the content decreased quickly with higher sterilization temperature. According to sterilization period, the content of volatile terpenoids decreased drastically during the initial 20-minutes of sterilization but decreased gradually afterwards. The amount of total terpenoids decreased more when sterilization was done at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes compared to sterilization at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. In order to reduce the amount of volatile terpenoids in carrot juice, sterilization at high temperature for a short period of time would be more effective compared with sterilization at low temperature for a long period of time.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 1994

Rate of mixing of Cu particles to polyimide substrate at interfaces under different thermal treatments was analyzed by Rutherford Backscattering spectroscopy using 2.0 MeV He+ ions. T he mixing rate was a function of annealing temperature and time and was constant at afioxed temperature. The amount of mixing increased linearly with time and the mixing rate increased with temperature. The activation energy for interface mixing between Cu and polyimide was 2.6 kcal/mol. The X-ray studies showed the Cu(111) plane peak changed with annealing time at fixed temperature. The mixing of Cu to polyimide was explained with segmental motion of PI chain and with interaction between functional group of the chain and metal electron donor. The comparisons were made bewteen the mixing induced by ion irradiation and by thermal treatment. The various factors affecting the interface mixing are discussed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

Remediation of crude oil contaminated soil is complicate and hard to apply traditional methods because of its persistency, durability, and high viscosity. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil remediation was tested by developing a pilot-scale thermal desorption system using the indirect heating method with an exhaust gas treatment. Under optimal condition drawed by temperature and retention time, the remedial efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil and treatability of exhaust gas were analyzed. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of crude oil contaminated soil was decreased to 69.7 mg/kg on average and the remedial efficiency was measured at 99.60%. Through the exhaust gas, 86.0% of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) was degraded and 97.16% of complex malodor was reduced under the suggested optimum operation condition. This study provides important basic data to be useful in scaling up of the indirect thermal desorption system for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soil.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.597-606
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• 1999

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of aging and thermal cycling on the biaxial flexure strength of low commercially available veneering resin composites for crown(Dentacolor : DC, Artglass : AG, Esternia : ET and Targis : TG). Disc specimens were fabricated in a teflon mold giving 12mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness. All samples were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was dried in a dessicator at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Group 2 was immersed in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Group 3 was immersed in distilled water at $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Group 4 was subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles between $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$, and the immersion time in each bath was 15 seconds per cycle. Biaxial flexure test was conducted using the ball-on-three-ball method at the cross head speed of 0.5mm/min and fracture surfaces were observed with scanning electoron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Weibull modulus values, except for the AG group, decreased after thermal cycling treatment. 2. Biaxial flexure strength values of aging group at $37^{\circ}C$ were the lowest in all sample groups. Except for the DC group, strength values were significantly decreased for the drying group. 3. After thermal cycling test, the highest value of biaxial flexure strength of 188.8 MPa was observed in the ET group and the lowest value of 73.2 MPa was observed in the DC group. The strength values showed the significant differences in each group (p<0.05). 4. Observation of surfaces after thermal cycling test revealed the ditching in the part of surrounding large fillers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2011

Nano Imprint Lithography(NIL) is technique for copying a pattern from stamp with nano size pattern in order to replicated the materials. It is very important to demold in order to make NIL process effectively. Self Assembled Monolayers(SAM) coater is manufactured by means of decreasing surface energy with the stamp surface treatment to improve release characteristics. Manufactured device contains tilting and rotation option for increasing process life time by coating on the sidewall of the pattern in stamp. The stamp coated with optimized tilting angle $30^{\circ}$ and rotation speed of 10rpm has more imprinting cycles than the stamping coated without tilting and rotation. Effective SAM coating on the sidewall of the pattern in stamp will improve by 50% of process life time.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

Various remediation methods have been applied to clean soils contaminated with pollutants. They remove contaminants from the soils by utilizing physicochemical, biological, and thermal processes and can satisfy soil remediation standards within a limited time; however, they also have an effect on the biological functions of soils by changing soil properties. In this study, changes of the biological properties of soils before and after treatment with three frequently used remediation methods-soil washing, land farming, and thermal desorption-were monitored to investigate the effects of remediation methods on soil biological functions. Total microbial number and soil enzyme activities, germination rate and growth of Brassica juncea, biomass change of Eisenia andrei were examined the effects on soil microorganisms, plant, and soil organisms, respectively. After soil washing, the germination rate of Brassica juncea increased but the above-ground growth and total microbial number decreased. Dehydrogenase activity, germination rate and above-ground growth increased in both land farming and thermal desorption treated soil. Although the growth of Eisenia andrei in thermal desorption treated soil was higher than any other treatment, it was still lower than that in non-contaminated soil. These results show that the remediation processes used to clean contaminated soil also affect soil biological functions. To utilize the cleaned soil for healthy and more value-added purposes, soil improvement and process development are needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.288-293
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• 2006

Background : Monoplegia is the paralysis of a limb. It is commonly caused by an injury to the cerebral cortex, and rarely caused by injury to the internal capsule, brain stem, or spinal cord. Most problems with cerebral cortex is derived from the occlusion of a brain cortex blood vessel due to thrombus or embolus. Objectives : This study is to see if there is a significance in thermal differences of acupoints in diagnosis and treatment of monoplegia on an upper extremity to test the validity of acupuncture and herbal treatment for it. Methods : By using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI), thermal differences$({\Delta}T)$ of acupoints on the upper extremity in a patient with monoplegia on the right upper extremity were measured after an attack of the disease. By giving Mangeum-tang(萬金湯) and treating the patient with acupuncture. the temperature changes of the upper extremity were examined through DITI and improvement was observed. Results : Compared with the left arm which suffered no such injury, the right recovered about 80% of sensation, and the grade of monoplegia improved from Grade O to Grade V. Also, the temperatures of right palmar-dorsal hand and the region of Weiguan(外關, Waiguan, TE5) were $1^{\circ}C$ and $1.45^{\circ}C$ higher than the same left region on admission day, but the thermal differences$({\Delta}T)$ narrowed to $0.5^{\circ}C$ by the last day. Conclusions : Results suggest that DITI screening is a reliable method of prognosis and that the time required for treatment can be estimated through this method in cases of monoplegia to an upper extremity. Also, progress in treatment is reflected in thermal differences of acupoints of the monoplegic upper extremity in accordance with the theory of meridian. This supports a role for acupuncture and herbal treatment for monoplegia.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2022

Scoliosis is defined as a condition in which the spine curves more than 10 degrees in frontal plane. However, it is complicated because it involves transverse and sagittal components as well as the frontal plane. Curvature can progress to growing children and cause serious problems. Treatments of Scoliosis, including observation, are casting, braces, physical therapy, exercise, and surgery. The goal of scoliosis management is to achieve minimal asymmetry by maintaining low angle values. However, it is difficult for adolescents to receive continuous treatment due to study and lack of time. We report cases of scoliosis that have experienced improvement of Cobb's angle through spinal thermal massage management at home.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.778-781
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• 2014

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a nonthermal technology emerging as an alternative to conventional thermal treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IPL treatment on the microbial inactivation, color alteration, and temperature change of dried laver to evaluate the commercial feasibility of IPL as a sterilization method. IPL treatment (10 min at 1,000 V and 5 pps) resulted in approximately 1.6 log CFU/g decrease in microbial cell viability. After IPL treatment, the surface temperature of dried laver increased by $1.9^{\circ}C$. The color lightness of dried laver increased with increased treatment time, while redness and yellowness decreased. However, these color differences were not significant.