• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.443-449
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relations among experience of sexual assaults, recognition of sexual assaults and sex role attitude in urban and rural high school students. Method: The subjects were a 575 volunteer students sampled in Daegu City and Gyungbuk. Data were collected from March 19th to 31st, 2007 using structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: The mean score of the rural students was significantly higher than that of the urban students in experience of sexual assaults. The mean score of the urban students was significantly higher than that of the rural students in sex role attitude. Gender, experience of sexual education and recognition of sexual assaults accounted for 29.8% of the variance of sex role attitude in the urban students. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop discriminative sexual education programs by regional group in order to prevent sexual assaults among adolescents.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological variables related to sexual issues and sexual violence experiences by gender in university students. Methods: A self-report survey collected responses from 469 university students in three regions. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: While male students' scores on sexual assertiveness and sexual assault recognition were lower than female students', their scores on gender role stereotype and sexual violence permissiveness were higher. Female students' sexual violence victims were higher than male students', however, their scores on sexual violence perpetrations were lower than male students'. Sexual violence victims and perpetrations experiences were significantly related to sexual assault recognition and sexual violence permissiveness in male and female students. There were significant relationships between sexual violence perpetrations experiences and gender role stereotypes in male students, while there were significant relationships between sexual violence victims and inflictions experiences and sexual assertiveness in female students. Conclusion: The present study suggests that differentiated programs for preventing or arbitrating sexual violence should be developed and applied by gender because there were differences between male and female students in the level of psychological variables related to sexual issues and sexual violence experiences.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 1998

The study was attempted and executed to reach the following conclusions. The period was May 1st through June 15th, 1998 and the subjects were 302 teachers consisting of School Nurses and general teachers in Pusan city. 1) The degrees of recognition of sexual roles by the subjects were compared as follows : The average point as to the recognition of sexual roles in the occupational functions by the school nurses was 2.41, higher than that of the general teachers. The average points as to the recognition of sexual roles in the attitudes by the school nurses was 2.28, higher than that of the general teachers. The average points as to the recognition of sexual roles in the abilitis was 2.26, higher than that of the general teachers. These ascertain that school nurses recognize the man has higher superities in the occupational functions, the attitudes and the abilities than the woman. 2) The degrees of demand of sexual education by the subjects were compared as follows : As to the degrees of demand of sexual education, the school nurses showed higher demand than the general teachers in the concepts such as 'the society and sexualities, physiology and actual education'. 3) The levels of the consciousness of sexual education by the subjects were compared as follows : the general teachers showed the more strict attitudes than the school nurses against the lascivious sex objects and wanted the punishment against the related students and the general teachers have myth. They claimed that their family have no relation with the sexual violence or pornography. As to the masturbation, the general teachers showed the more conservative attitudes. 4) The opinions by the subjects as to the well-qualified person in charge of sexual education in school were compared as follows : 77.3% of the school nurses, and 36.1% of the general teachers supported the school nurses.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

Objectives: This study investigates factors influencing the perpetrations of sexual violence while dating among college students. Methods: With a correlational survey design, a self-report survey was conducted and collected 1,132 responses from college students with dating experiences. Methods including descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were used to analyze data. Results: Compared to college students with no perpetrations of sexual violence, college students with perpetrations of sexual violence had significantly higher scores in father's violence, mother's violence, gender role stereotype, and sexual violence permissiveness. On the other hand they had significantly lower scores in sexual assault recognition than the compared group. A multiple regression model result forecasted parents' violence, sexual assault recognition, sexual violence permissiveness, and gender as prediction indicators of perpetrations of sexual violence. Conclusion: To prevent sexual violence while dating, domestic violence should be decreased through parents education and counseling from childhood. High-risk groups should be detected by surveying socio-psychological variables including experience of domestic violence, sexual assault recognition, and sexual violence permissiveness. It need to develop and implement sexual violence prevention programs to accurately inform and aware sexual violence.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.266-275
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the experience of sexual violence victims while dating as College Students. Methods: With a correlational survey design, data was collected by self-report questionnaires from 560 college students who had reported sexual violence during a date. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: College students while on date who reported sexual violence showed a significantly negative correlation with self-esteem, dating sexual assault recognition, sexual assertiveness, and significantly positive correlations with the gender role stereotypes, sexual violence permissiveness, date sexual violence inflictions, and family violence. A combination of date sexual violence inflictions, self-esteem, sexual violence permissiveness, sexual assertiveness all accounted for 41% of the variance in date sexual violence among college students. Conclusion: Self-esteem and sexual assertiveness must be progressively uplifted in order to prevent date sexual violence. A specific program established to reduce sexual violence permissiveness would be useful in order to reduce the number of sexual violence victims for college students who are dating.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to prevent and review counter-action for the sexual harassment in campus by revealing current state of sexual harassment in campus relatively weak in sexual discrimination with regard to sexual harassment emerged as social problem serious in our nation. The targets of study were students and assistants in three schools located at $Kwangju\cdot{Chonnam}$ area, a questionnaire made by pre-researcher was applied to student vs. assistant with regard to sexual consciousness and recognition, and current state of sexual harassment, with analysis of material processed through statistical analysis using SPSSWIN 10.0 for verification of $$\chi$^2$ for identification of difference vs. family and student vs. assistant. The result of this research with regard to sexual harassment is under following: Firstly, the recognition of concept of sexual harassment was proved to be aware of be more than half a responders above average, lack of recognition showed significant number requiring establishment of concept of sexual harassment, the responders stated that they could do it alone should be treated in the counseling room in school. Secondly, 28.7% of students and assistants answered that they have suffered from sexual harassment now and. before, even a great number of males have experienced such sexual harassment. In case of female assistants, more than half of them suffered from sexual harassment suggesting us significant level of sexual harassment to female assistants. A depth of sexual harassment to assistants should be investigated in a further way by preparing for and establishing concrete preventive actions and researches, mostly suffered by males; In this respect, a preventive training of sexual harassment should be deemed to be provided to males. Thirdly, as a result of investigation of sex education and preventive action against sexual harassment in college, most of elementary, junior, junior high school hardly provide no or inefficient sexual harassment, and they responded that the campus needs its education. As a way to educate campus with sexual harassment efficiently, a special lecture or regular class might be designed for systematic education or sexual harassment through schools counseling room might be effective emphasizing upon role of the room according to opinions of responders. The college is required to install such offices or centers as can exclusively manage and take charge of sex education program operation, legal system of anti-sexual harassment, or personnel arrangement for such activities in school by reflecting such result into school for appropriate and efficient education of or counseling to sex.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.84-94
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• 2018

This study analyzed domestic media articles from 1920 to 2017 using R 3.4, a big data analysis tool. In addition, it examines the sexual minority discourse reproduced through the media for about 100 years, focused on the role of the film as an art of struggling with the projective aversion to sexual minorities. sexual minorities in movies are not abominable. They are people we already know in our daily lives, and they are just different in sexual orientation. In general, sexual minorities are less likely to encounter in everyday life, so they are experienced and perceived through what the media present. It is noteworthy that the representation of sexual minorities in the media is formed as a major agenda of our society by publicizing the problems underlying society on the surface. It causes social issues to be raised by revealing and highlighting the problems that are regarded as alienated and avoided from the mainstream's gaze. The content provided by the media enables a three-dimensional experience of subjects who have not experienced it by themselves, and has a decisive influence in correctly recognizing and judging society. Media content suggests that it can be a powerful weapon of recognition struggle that can naturally fight against social hatred without using methods such as demonstrations or protests.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of Home Economics learning on the recognition and attitude of middle school boy’s home life and to suggest the basic materials for the development of the Home Economics education through students’opinion of Home Economics. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in Cheong-ju area using questionaire. The subjects were 487 boys who studied Home Economics (HE group)and 480 boys who studied Technique (T group) in middle school. The statistics used for data analysis were t-test and x$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows： 1. The recognition and attitude to home life on the general characteristics of home life； In urban area, the interests in bealth and the role of the consumers were higher than those of rural areas-on the bases of the standard of life, the middle class students had a higher interest in nutrition and food habits, the students whose father were engaged in special job had a higher interest in health and nutrition. 2. The difference of the recognition and attitude between HE & groups； In the field of food life, HE’s knowledge about the six nutrients and the basic food groups and attitude toward buying food were higher than T’s. In the field of family life and resources, HE and T accepted the importance of family life and the role of home as important, hoped to get psychological relax from home and to take the right sexual education. In the field of clothes life, HE and T had the general tendency to have their clothes in proper manner and to select their clothes for themselves, but HE took a higher interest in clothes mending and the role of clothes. 3. The opinions on Home Economics； HE answered that Home Economics was useful to them (more than 90% of HE) and that 57.1% of HE were interested in Home Economics. The order of interest among three fields were as follows： food life, clothes life, family life and resources. 71.9% of T hoped to take Home Economics course.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.54-71
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• 2006

The definition of Crime Indictable Upon Complaint (CIC) is crimes which can be prosecuted only with complaints from the victim or his/her direct parents. Sex crimes are the representative examples, rapes and indecent assaults. According to the research referenced in this paper, 74% of sex crimes which had been penalized based on Republic of Korea (ROK) Criminal Code amounts rape and indecent assault are CIC. However, only 20% of perpetrators were confined, and the rest received non-confinement or non-prosecution determination. The review of criminal history checks reveals that 67% of the perpetrators had criminal histories and 39% of them had more than three documented offenses. The CIC was established in order to protect the victim's rights and dignity, respecting the victim's opinion regarding the incident. All kinds of sex crimes then should have been the CIC, but those crimes such as Injury Resulting from Rape, Special Rape, Rape by Special Modus Operandi, Sexual Assault among Relatives and Domestic Violence which have to guarantee the opinion of the victims are prescribed as non-CIC. We therefore conclude that the CIC should be abolished. The abolition of CIC will play an important role in crime prevention because severe penalties for sex crimes will be imposed on the perpetrators. In addition, it will help the sex crime victims retrieve their dignity by spreading recognition widely through the community that sexual assault is not only a social assault but an infringement against human rights.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.271-283
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• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.