• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.541-547
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• 2014

Busan was known firstly to the western world in the end of 18th century. When the Joseon opened a port under the western powers in the late 19th century, Busan was an important port. The increasing number of international ship exchange had magnified the harbor facility and the importance of lighthouses of Busan port. Busan maritime customs officer were in charge of installation and management of lighthouses. The operations of maritime customs became historical origin of Joseon changing from feudal society to modern nation. The majority of the documents from maritime customs was disappeared. So it was hard to know the exact history. But investigating documents and papers of Joseon, even media records will enable us to establish the objective fact relations. Moreover, published and translated data from the past make it possible such investigations. As a result, modern lighthouse of Busan harbor in the late Joseon after opening port was could be found. It could be offered to establishing the Korean modern history as the objective data.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2017

In this research, we have extracted historical records regarding the geotechnology from the Goryeosa and the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty which are rated as ancient books that have objective views in the Goryeo Dynasty and the Joseon Dynasty in order to understand the national awareness and the social situation of the past events. We used the Korean history database system of National Institute of Korean History (NIKH) and collected related records by searching specific keywords such as volcano, mining, hot spring, and meteorite. According to the historical records, geological events such as the volcano and meteorite were regarded as important issues which were enough to be recorded in annals and surveyed by the dispatched government officials to the fields of events. In case of the hot springs, government officials conducted explorations of hot springs at king's orders and developed the potential areas of hot springs. Among the historical records on mining, the contents of geotechnology including the contents about discovered minerals and its locations can be easily found from those ancient books. Especially, it is possible to understand the history of geotechnology such as an establishment of modern organizations and a capitalistic flow for development through the history of the mining in the late Joseon Dynasty.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

The Office for Saving Lives (活人署) (OSL) was the office in charge of the treatment and relief of the poor in the Joseon Dynasty. This study disputes prior scholarship on the OSL by analyzing the use of a ready-made prescription and by focusing on the personality of the OSL's medical institutions. The work of the three government offices, the Office of Great Mercy (大悲院) (OGM), which was the formal office of OSL, the Office of Benefiting People (惠民署) and the Office of Aiding Life (濟生院), overlapped in the area of relief of the common people. But OGM was different from the other two in that it was not a purely medical office, had no educational function, and did not manage medicine. By analyzing a standing prescription, this article argues: 1) Heojun's influence on the composition of a standing prescription is absolute. 2) Epidemic warm disease (溫疫) was a major social problem in terms of emergency medical care at the time. 3) In the late Joseon Dynasty, the treatment of epidemic warm diseases became more sophisticated than the previous era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2022

This is a comparative study of Byung-Kwa-Ryu (Korean rice cake and cookie) of the Chungcheon Province Area in the late Joseon Dynasty, based on 「Jusiksiui」 in the late 1800s, 「Eumsikbangmunnira」 in 1891, and 「Banchandeungsok」 in 1913. This study was also compared with the recipes of 「Suunjapbang」 of 1540, 「Eumsikdimibang」 of around 1670, 「Siuijeonseo」, and Gyuhabchongseo of the late 1800s. As for the Byung-Kwa-Ryu(Korean rice cake and cookie) introduced in the recipe book, 「Eumsikbangmunnira」 recorded the most with 18 types of rice cakes and two types of Korean sweets, followed by 「Jusiksiui. There were 14 types of rice cakes, and two types of Korean sweets. 「Banchandeungsok」 had eight types ofrice cakes and six types of Korean sweets. Yogi-tteok in 「Jusiksiui」 and 「Banchandeungsok」 were foods that could not be found in other recipes. Yakgwa and Jeungpyeon were in all three books as well as 「Eumsikdimibang」. These were also included in 「Siuijeonseo」 and were introduced to most cookbooks. The materials used and the method of making it differed for each recipe. Many studies on cookbooks have focused on the Yeongnam region so far. This study served as an opportunity to confirm the dietary life data of the Chungcheong-do region through a review of the recipe books containing food from the Chungcheong-do region. In addition, it was possible to examine the ingredients and cooking methods used in each cookbook at the time through comparative analysis with the cookbooks in the Yeongnam region.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.856-874
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• 2016

This study aims to figure out the weather and climate environment of Seoul area in S. Korea during 1623~1800, which has not been studied so far, by using daily records of weather conditions and meteorological phenomena in the Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty(承政院日記) together with records of abnormal weather conditions and natural disasters in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄). During 1500~1760 as a period of the Little Ice Age it was generally cold and dry, particularly cool summers of Seoul area. Changes in weather conditions and meteorological phenomena and climate changes appeared prominently at around 1650, 1710, 1770. The annual numbers of rain days and of snow days began to change largely in the 1640s. The rain(and snow) days reduced significantly in the 1710s~1650s, but increased sharply in the 1710s and later. The rain days in summer rapidly increased after the late 1710s, while the snow days greatly reduced after the mid 1770s. The cloudy days around the 1710s greatly reduced in summer, while slightly increased in winter. The hail days increased significantly in the late 1720s and lasted until the 1760s. The fog days began to reduce after 1770 to the fewer days than the climatic normals of 1981~2010. These times are overall consistent with findings of historical climatological cross-checking data and geophysical biological proxy data, accompanied by a trend of relatively enhanced colder and drier of Seoul area.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.1-46
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• 2003

During the ancient times, there was no separative judicial system and administrative , legislative and judiciary functions were ultimately concentrated in the all-powerful monarch. And the three states developed state organization , adopting hieratical structures and placing at the pinnacle . State Codes were promulgated to initiate a legal system to rule the people, these codes instituted under influence of China codes. The people tradition sees crime control as the preservation of the authority of hereditary rulers. In the period of the Koryeo dynasty, government accepted a serious of detailed penal code from Tang dynasty . Legal response to crime stressed preservation of the dynasty rather than making citizen behave according to certain rules. In the period of Early Joseon , the compilation of Grand Code for state administration was initiated, the Kyeongkuk Taejeon ,became comer stone of the dynastic administration and provided the monarchial system with a sort of constitutional law in written form. This national code was in portant means of criminal policy at that time, Late Joseon , the impact of Western culture entering through China gave further impetus to pragmatic studies which called for socio-economic reforms and readjustment. Approach to criminal justice policy emphasized more equitable operation of the criminal justice system ,rehabilitation and crime control. Korea-Japanese Treaty concluded on 22 August ,1910 and proclaim a week later ,Japan gave the coup de grace to the Korea Empire and changed the office of the Resident - General into the Government - General . Thus korean criminal policy were lost during a dark ages ,which lasted for 36 years after fall of Joseon Dynasty (the colnial period,1910${\sim}$1945). After 1945 Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, the occupation of devided Korea by the United States and Soviet Union frustrated the efforts of Koreans to establish an independent government, and the transplantation of two conflicting political ideologies to south and the north of the 38th parallel further intensified the national split. U.S. military government office occupied the south of the 38 the parallel and placed emphasis on democracy of criminal policy. ln 1948, the U.S. military government handed over to the ROK government its administrative authority.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze historical records of what the trees had been planted like by establishment and management of the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty so that it could be utilized for historical records to manage the trees in the Royal Tombs. The research method was to analyze the related keywords for 40 trees out of 42 trees in the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty reffering to "The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)," and "Neungji(陵誌)". There are two types of planting called Jeongsik(定植) Bosik(補植) in the Royal Tombs. Jeongsik(定植) is a planting method by Salleungdogam(山陵都監), the office in charge of construction of the royal tomb when they were building the royal tomb. Every tree additionally planted after building up the royal tomb was called Bosik(補植). The types of tree planting the composition and management of the royal tombs of Joseon are as follows. First, the first planting for landscaping was carried out during the process of building the province. Second, after the formation of Shanung, all the plants were planted by Wangmyung as additional plants. Third, due to the deforestation in the late Joseon period, additional plants were planted in the fertile plains. Fourth, trees were damaged due to natural disasters, and trees were planted together with the construction of the botanical gardens. Fifth, in the 22nd year of King Jeongjo, all the royal families' graves were regularly planted. This study aims to investigate the history of forest landscape management for the restoration of the royal tombs of Joseon.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-85
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• 2020

Few studies have dealt with the question of when Mt. Baekdusan became known as a volcano. Attention has been focused rather on the issue of establishing the boundary between the Joseon Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty than the scientific nature of Baekdusan as a volcano. It is only in the late Joseon Dynasty that Park Jong (1764), who was the scholar of the Gwanbuk region, authored the first travel journal on Mt. Baekdu and described poseok. Due to the scientific curiosity of Westerners on the existence of mysterious snow peak on the border, it was first introduced to the Royal Geographical Society by a British man, H.E.M. James in 1887, who revealed for the first time that Mt. Baekdu is a dead volcano, and that the white color on the top is due to wide-spread pumice. Russian expedition teams including Strel'bitskii (Стрельбицкий, 1894, and Garin (Гарин-Михайловский, 1898), also explored this mountain seeking natural resources and territory of East Asia and the Manchurian region in pursuit of Russian Imperial interests explored and described Baekdusan as a volcano.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.35-63
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• 2018

The intellectuals of the Joseon Dynasty were Yangban Sadaebu who had knowledge based on Confucianism(Neo-Confucianism), enjoyed cultural powers by expressing their knowledge in words or writing, and entered government posts to guide society with such knowledge or included some pre-officials. Sisa(Poem Society) was a major place of knowledge transmission to acquire and impart knowledge of creating Chinese poems that traditional intellectuals of the Joseon Dynasty possessed. Seocheonmaehwasa(西泉梅花社) was a group of writers from the late Joseon Dynasty gathered together based on the commonality of kinship and political iniquity although they were different factions like Nam'in and Soron, and they enjoyed apricot blossoms and wrote poems there. Seocheonmaehwasa(西泉梅花社) was basically the meeting making poems. They improved their creative abilities with creating poems. Seocheonmaehwasa(西泉梅花社) was a major place of knowledge transmission to acquire and impart knowledge of creating Chinese poems that traditional intellectuals of the Joseon Dynasty possessed.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.375-394
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the transition of mathematical representation in Joseon mathematics, which is focused on numbers and operations, letters and expressions. In Joseon mathematics, there had been two numeral systems, one by chinese character and the other by counting rods. These systems were changed into the decimal notation which used Indian-Arabic numerals in the late 19th century passing the stage of positional notation by Chinese character. The transition of the representation of operation and expressions was analogous to that of representation of numbers. In particular, Joseon mathematics represented the polynomials and equations by denoting the coefficients with counting rods. But the representation of European algebra was introduced in late Joseon Dynasty passing the transitional representation which used Chinese character. In conclusion, Joseon mathematics had the indigenous representation of numbers and mathematical symbols on our own. The transitional representation was found before the acceptance of European mathematical representations.