• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.469-480
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• 2011

In this study, to determine the ligninase activity related to the PCBs degradation of Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010, the protein contents and manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities during cultivation on shallow stationary culture (SSC) medium were observed. 4 PCB congeners were selected depending on the number of chlorine substituted on biphenyl. Furthermore, to examine the effects of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, the inhibition of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was evaluated by measuring the biodegradation rate when inhibitor such as 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. The extracellular protein contents were affected by PCB congeners in culture media. The total protein in the culture medium showed the biggest differences between the samples containing 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and the control. On the other hand, MnP and laccase activity showed dominant increases within samples containing 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl and 2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was inhibited by adding inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole in low concentration. Only 2.73% of 2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl was degraed on day 1, and biodegradation of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl was inhibited as well, showing about 20% of biodegradation rate.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

The aim of the study was to examine the cosmetic and biological activity of Lagerstroemia indica L. and it is possible that can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for application of cosmetic industries. Lagerstroemia indica L. branch was extracted with 70% acetone in water. In the result of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging radical activity, acetone extract of Lagerstroemia indica L. branch were higher than 73% at the 50 ppm concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activity by acetone extract were higher than 78% at the 50 ppm. Both examine of DPPH and ABTS showed high antioxidative activities at the 50 ppm. In the result of nitrite scavenging ability, acetone extract were higher than 63% at the 50 ppm. Collagenase inhibition activity by extract were higher than 85% at the 50 ppm. Extract is showed high collagenase inhibition more than comparison group EGCG at all concentration. These results suggest that Lagerstroemia indica L. has a great potential as a cosmeceutical raw material as well as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory and collagenase inhibition activity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2009

Ozone tolerance of tree species was determined by standard index of physiological damages and biochemical defense responses under short-term ozone exposure. At the end of 150ppb $O_3$ fumigation, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed in the leaves of five species(Koelreuteria paniculata, Firmiana simplex, Styrax japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Viburnum sargentii). Injury index was determined by the effect of ozone on photosynthetic parameters and malondialdehyde(MDA) content, and tolerance index was calculated using the rate of increase in superoxide dismutase(SOD), ascorbate-peroxidase(APX), glutathione reductase(GR) and catalase(CAT) activities. Apparent quantum yield(AQY), carboxylation efficiency(Ce) and photo-respiration rate(PR) decreased in the leaves of five species with increasing ozone exposure time. These parameters were considered as an appropriate indicator for stress evaluation. Antioxidative enzyme activities showed various results depending on the tree species, exposure time, and enzyme types. SOD activity of K. paniculata increased with ozone exposure time, and that of F. rhynchophylla increased only after 6 hours of ozone exposure. CAT activity of $O_3$-exposed F. simplex was lower than the control. Based on standard index, ozone tolerance ability of five species was determined as two tolerant species(F. rhynchophylla > K. paniculata) and three sensitive species(S. japonica > F. simplex > V. sargentii).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.512-518
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• 2015

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become the most serious threat to pine trees in Korea. This study was subjected to investigate effective biological control agent against PWD. To select nematocidal bacteria against PWD, Bacillus licheniformis MH48 was selected among five bacteria due to its high nematocidal potential. B. licheniformis MH48 was tested for cell growth and protease activity to evaluate its nematicidal potential. In the B. licheniformis MH48, cell numbers were highest three days after incubation, while protease activity was highest after seven days. In the effect of different concentrations of B. licheniformis MH48 culture broth against B. xylophilus, 20% concentration of culture broth showed approximately 80% of pine wood nematode mortality compared to the control. Especially, pine wood nematode's cuticle layers were degraded two days after treatment of B. licheniformis MH48 culture broth. The present study suggests that B. licheniformis MH48 can be one of the potential biocontrol candidates against pine wood nematode due to its ability to produce protease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.442-447
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• 2019

In this study, we evaluated the effect of Rodgersia podophylla leave extracts (RPL) on ${\beta}-catenin$ level in human cancer cells. RPL dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation in SW480, A549, MDA-MB-231, PC-3 and AsPC-1 cells. RPL dramatically decreased ${\beta}-catenin$ protein level in all cancer cells. However, decreased level of ${\beta}-catenin$ mRNA expression was observed in A549 and AsPC-1 cells. In addition, RPL dramatically attenuated cyclin D1 mRNA expression in all cancer cells. MG132 decreased the downregulation of ${\beta}-catenin$ protein level induced by RPL in all cancer cells, while RPL-induced downregulation of ${\beta}-catenin$ was inhibited by the inhibition of $GSK-3{\beta}$ by LiCl in MDA-MB-231 cells. RPL phosphorylated ${\beta}-catenin$ and $GSK-3{\beta}$. In addition, the inhibition of $GSK-3{\beta}$ by LiCl attenuated RPL-induced ${\beta}-catenin$ phosphorylation. Based on these findings, RPL may be a potential candidate for the development of chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for human cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.173-182
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the change of Aaster scaber antioxidative activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids during the blanching processes. With two parameters such as blanching time and temperature, response surface methodology and central composite design was used to study the combined effect of blanching time (90 to 162 sec) and blanching temperature (75 to $99^{\circ}C$). We found that antioxidative activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids during the blanching processes were influenced by blanching temperature and time. Within process condition, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were extracted 3.00 - 35.48 mg/g and 2.35 - 8.38 mg/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 42.10 - 67.14%. The change of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was dependent of blanching temperature more than time. The total phenolic compounds was increased as temperature rise, but flavonoids not. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased during the blanching process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2010

UV-protection skin whitening and immune activities several parts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum were investigated. The bark of both Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher yields than other parts as 2.67% and 2.45%. The cytotoxicity of the extracts were lower than 21.64% against human skin cell(CCD-986sk) line in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the highest concentration. The bark extracts of Acer mono greatly reduced the expression of MMP-1 on UV-irradiated CCD-986sk cells down to as 30%. At 1.0 mg/mL of bark extration of Acer mono, $PGE_2$ expression was also significantly decreased. Generally, the bark extracts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher activity than other parts, but, interestingly, wood extract of Acer okamotoanum showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production by Clone-M3 cells as 79.25%. From these results, we could conclude that the bark extract from Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had skin-whitening activity as well immune enhancement activity.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2017

Since the first report of the oak wilt disease at 2004 in Korea, the disease distributed over Korean peninsula and are still giving severe damages. The management of oak wilt disease in Korea has mainly focused on the control of insect vector, Platypus koryoensis. Neverthless the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of the pathogen, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae (Rqm), and for screening chemical or biological agents with strong inhibitory activity against the pathogen, is absolutely necessary, an reliable method is not available so far. This study was conducted to develop the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of Rqm in oak trees. The culture suspensions of Rqm were artificially injected to the saplings of Quercus acutissima by using ChemJet tree injector. Three months after treatments, the treated saplings were cut and dipped into 1% fuchsin acid solution. There were significant differences in non-conductive area (%), discoloration area (%) and vertical discoloration length between the pathogen-injected and distilled water-injected control treatments. These results indicated that the pathogen is the causal agent for the dysfunction of water conductive tissue, which will finally result in wilt symptom. Re-isolation of the pathogen and PCR detection using specific primers for the pathogen also confirmed the presence of Rqm in the sapwood chips of the pathogen-injected saplings. These observations would be greatly applied to other related researches for evaluating the pathogenicity of tree wilt pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of the selected antagonistic microorganisms, in case that the wilt symptom is not easily shown by artificial inoculation of the causal agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil extracted from the wood of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. Endl. (Cupressaceae). The essential oil was extracted from the wood of C. obtusa by hydrodistillation method, and conducted the analysis on the chemical composition of the extracted C. obtusa wood oil through GC-MS. The major constituents of the oil were found to be: ${\alpha}-pinene$ (11.4%), cadinene (5.4%), ${\delta}-cadiene$ (9.0%), ${\tau}-muurolol$ (22.2%), ${\alpha}-cadinol$ (20.8%) etc. We attempted to identify the anti-inflammatory activities of the oil when it is injected in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, along with its effects on the secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$. According to the cell viability analysis conducted by MTT assay, the oil in $10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-5}%$concentration showed no effect on the cell viability. After RBL-2H3 cells treated by LPS stimulation were exposed to $10^{-7}%$ concentration of C. obtusa wood oil, the expression levels of IL-4, IL-13 within the cell were observed to remarkably decrease. Also, it was attenuated the release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ from mast cells to a significantly meaningful level. These results suggest that C. obtusa wood oil exerts the anti-inflammatory effect, by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which is a valuable feature to be highly utilized as the functional materials in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.84-92
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• 2008

Anatomical and physical characteristics of Pinus densiflora woods damaged by forest fire at Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do were investigated in present study. Even though the bark was severly carbonized, no trace of carbonization in the xylem was found. The amount of resin exudation was different by the degree of fire damage. Green moisture content of sapwood in the damaged wood was lower than that in the sound wood, but vice versa in the heartwood. Green density of heartwood in the damaged wood was higher than that in the sound wood, but there was no significant difference in sapwood. Cambial activities were found stopped in the severely damaged wood but were identified in the lightly damaged wood. In safranine staining process, epithelial and ray parenchyma cell walls in the damaged woods showed darker hue than those in the sound wood. Granular substances were observed in the lumina of ray parenchyma and epithelial cells of the severely damaged wood. Relative crystallinity of the outermost growth ring in the severely damaged wood was slightly higher than that in the sound wood.