• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.506-514
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• 2009

Purpose: Nowadays nursing is facing a constantly increasing shortage of employees. While there are many causes for the present nursing shortage, a major contributing factor is the revolution in fundamental values what we expect in life. An understanding of the change can assist in identifying interventions that can be used to address this crisis in healthcare. The purpose of this study is to identify the features they look for in work and the underlying factors of the work values domain. Methods: Using Q methodology, 37 nurses rated 34 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1-9. The collected data were analyzed using pc-QUNAL software. Results: The results showed that work values, which nurses indicate as most important through working, were perceived as 4 factors; 'compensation oriented', 'security oriented', 'professional role oriented' and 'freedom oriented' work value. Conclusion: Providing for these findings will result in greater job satisfaction among nurses, better nurse retention and enhanced patient care within a supportive and harmonious organization.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.76
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• pp.305-329
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• 2010

The problem of freedom is inseparably related to human life. It makes this not to be regarded as a problem restricted to the professional domain of ethics. It suggests rather that the problem of freedom is intimately connected with the philosophical groundwork for discussing the future direction of society, culture and science, and its regulative idea, a philosophical discussion which comes up inevitably with various social, economic and political problems, and problems related to the spirit of law. In this view, when we want to explain the problem of freedom as a fundamental one in reference to future direction of humanities and to find out a solution to this, our research only in accordance with the approach of history of philosophy runs into difficulties. The reason is that the problem of freedom has nowness together with historicity. Finding this problem to be a present one in our concrete human life, we can discuss it more meaningful under the methodological frame changed and developed by philosophical reflections since the modern age. And here I think a culturalistic approach reinterpreting hermeneutic insight and pragmatistic context methodologically can provide a pertinent clue for a theoretical work to investigate the problem of freedom and to find a solution to that because this approach considers historicity and nowness. For this purpose analysing truth intersubjectively and understanding freedom critically, this article tries to reconstruct symbolic interpretation and the concept of self constructed in community of language and action as a cultural horizon of freedom.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.324-337
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• 1999

In this work, a new 3-PSP type spatial 3-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism is proposed. And a 6 DOF hybrid manipulator which consists of a 3-PPR type planar 3 DOF parallel mechanism and a new 3-PSP type spatial 3-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism is proposed. Both 3 DOF mechanism modules have closed-form forward position solutions and particularly, 3-PSP spatial module has unique forward position solution. Firstly, the closed-form position analysis and first-order kinematic analysis for the proposed 3-PSP type module are carried out, and the first-order kinematic characteristics are examined via maximum singular value and the isotropic index of the mechanism. It is shown through these analyses that the mechanism has excellent isotrpic property throughout the workspace. Secondly, position and kinematic analysis of the 3-PPR planar module are briefly described. Thirdly, the forward position analysis for the 3-PPR 3-PSP type 6 degree-of-freedom hybrid mechanism consisting of a 3-PPR planar module and a 3-PSP spatial module is performed along with the analysis of the workspace size and first-order kinematic characteristics. The kinematic characteristics of the proposed hybrid manipulator are compared to those of geometrically similar Stewart manipulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.155-160
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• 2001

Actual engineering structure is frequently very complex, and parts of structure are designed independently by different engineers. Also each structure contains so many degree of freedom. For these reason, methods have been developed which permits the structure to be divided into components or substructures, with analysis being done on a small substructure in order to obtain a full structural system. In such case, because of different mesh size among finite element model (FEM) or different matching points among FEM models and experimentally obtained models, their interfacing points may be non-matching. Solving this non-matching problem is useful to other application such as structural dynamic modification or model updating. In this work, virtual node concept is introduced. Lagrange multipliers are used to enforce the interface compatibility constraint, and interface displacement is approximated by polynomial presentation. The governing equation of whole structure is derived using hybrid variational principle. The eigenvalue of whole structure are calculated using the determinant search method. The number of degree of freedom in the eigenvalue problem can be drastically reduced to just the number of interface degree of freedom. Some numerical simulation is performed to show usefulness of synthesis method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1624-1641
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• 2015

Instantaneous relay (relay-without-delay) using interference alignment is a promising approach to neutralizing interference and improving system capacity. In Wang Chenwei's work, a 2-user scenario required both source and relay to access the global channel state information (CSI). This paper shows a new method of interference alignment improves the degrees of freedom (DoF) prominently for the 3-user MIMO interference channel with instantaneous relay. This new method is focused on the relay node that completes the alignment interference neutralization so the global CSI is obtained only once and the pressure on the base station can be mitigated. In addition, the 3-user MIMO interference channels with instantaneous relay can achieve 2M DoF when source and destination have M antennas, respectively. This method shows 33% improvement over the conventional method using interference alignment which obtains 3M/2 DoF.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.243-257
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• 2007

A numerically efficient superelement is proposed as a low degree of freedom model for dynamic analysis of rotating tapered beams. The element uses a combination of polynomials and trigonometric functions as shape functions in what is also called the Fourier-p approach. Only a single element is needed to obtain good modal frequency prediction with the analysis and assembly time being considerably less than for conventional elements. The superelement also allows an easy incorporation of polynomial variations of mass and stiffness properties typically used to model helicopter and wind turbine blades. Comparable results are obtained using one superelement with only 14 degrees of freedom compared to 50 conventional finite elements with cubic shape functions with a total of 100 degrees of freedom for a rotating cantilever beam. Excellent agreement is also shown with results from the published literature for uniform and tapered beams with cantilever and hinged boundary conditions. The element developed in this work can be used to model rotating beam substructures as a part of complete finite element model of helicopters and wind turbines.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-40
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present condition of work-leisure balance and its influencing factors in employed young single households. Three groups of sample households-work-oriented, balanced, and leisure-oriented-were compared by factors related to work and leisure. Six cases were interviewed to obtain qualitative data on the subjective meaning of work-life balance and its influencing factors. The results showed different characteristics between the three groups based on the various work- and -leisure- related factors: average weekly working hours of the week, number of vacation days per year, weekday leisure time, degree of weekday freedom, and sufficiency of the leisure cost. In addition, the characteristics considered desirable for quality of life differed between groups. Finding the meaning of life through work and leisure was very important for those respondents, who have an unstable position in the labor market, and who want to delay making decisions on moving into the marriage and family-building phase recognized as a major development task for Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-168
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model from which to test the influence of family background and work experience on the level of rural high school students' (N=381) occupational aspirations. In the basic model, mother's occupation directly influenced occupational aspirations. Father's education influenced occupational aspirations directly and also indirectly through students' academic achievement. The number of working hours per week had a direct and negative influence on academic achievement. In a different path, working hours had an indirect positive influence on academic achievement through parents' different treatment which especially focused on the fact that parents gave students more freedom compared to the relationship they shared before the students began to work. Enjoying school, studying homework, and extra reading were influenced by students' number of working hours. Two variables, extra reading and job characteristics, predict the social acceptance work attitudes which are a direct predictor of occupational aspirations. Academic achievement had a greater total effect on the level of occupational aspirations than any other variables.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.464-473
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• 2003

A method for force-free control is proposed to realize pull-out work by an industrial articulated robot arm. This method achieves not only non-gravity and non-friction motion of an articulated robot arm according to an exerted force but also reflects no change in the structure of the servo controller. Ideal performance of a pull-out work by the force-free control method was assured by means of simulation and experimental studies with a two-degree-of-freedom articulated robot arm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2011

Smart work is a new paradigm of the way of working for knowledge workers. We propose a model which determines the levels of smart work. As the determinants, we identify freedom from both space and time. As an extension of the model by adding a new determinant of the mobilization of social intelligence, we show that a new smart work model, smart work 2.0, can be derived. For successful implementation of smart work 2.0, we also provide strategic suggestions, along with the implication of the study and future research direction.