• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2005

The assessment on characteristics of hydraulic behavior and water quality variations of underground reservoirs of buildings were studied. Firstly, it was thought that underground reservoir capacities($m^3$) of buildings should be not determinated by the uniform and same methods but be estimated on the basis of the dwelling areas on dominated households and their residential characteristics, because these characteristics influence significantly on actual water usages and patterns of buildings. Secondly, it was likely that the average reduction rate of residual chlorine in underground reservoirs were affected from the their capacities, because the average reduction rate of residual chlorine in underground reservoirs under $1,000m^3$ was 43 percent, on the other hand, that rate of underground reservoirs over $1,000m^3$ was 60 percent. Thirdly, through the field investigation, the retention time of drinking water in underground reservoirs were in the range from 0.3 day to 3.9 day. In addition to, the average reduction rate of residual chlorine were depended largely on the retention time of drinking water. When the retention time was under 24 hours, the average reduction rate of residual chlorine was 45 percent, and in case of over 24 hours, was 49 percent. Fourth, water level in underground reservoirs was averagely varied in the range from 0.1 m to 2.65 m at the height of underground reservoirs. If considered actual height of underground reservoirs, 37.6 percent of the height of underground reservoirs was only used. Consequently, the frequency of the inflow and outflow of drinking water in underground reservoir were very increased, and had an effect on the reduction of residual chlorine. Lastly, the investigations on hydraulic structure characteristics of underground reservoirs inside showed the locations of inflow and outflow of drinking water almost were in the opposite direction. And some buildings had several baffles in the middle. Nevertheless, their installations had no beneficial for the improvement of water quality.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of the urinary incontinence and it's relating factors in women. The target population is 327 community dwelling women in the age of 30-70 years old at 6 cities in Korea. The data were collected from August, 1996 to December. 1996 with interview using structured questionaire composing of items of general characteristics, obstetric characteristics, disease characteristics, situation of experiencing urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence, and depression. The data were analysed with $SPSS/PC^+$ program, T-test, $x^2$ test, and ANOVA test. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women is 37.7%(130/327). 2) The mean duration of experiencing the urinary incontinence was 75.9 months and the 60% of the respondents experienced a few frequency of urinary incontinence and the most common amount of urinary incontinence(91.5%) was somewhat small expressed as 'wetting their clothes'. 3) The common factors related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing aloudly, and the activities of need for hurry. 4) The most common situations of discomforts associated with urinary incontinence were having long journey, exercise, playing, and social meeting. 5) The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in woman who had more children, older age of last delivery, more vaginal delivaries, and less c-section. 6) The incidence of urinary incontinence was not affected with the disease characteristics of the respondents, however it was higher when the women had the physical problems of constipation, abdominal laparatomy and episode of urinary catheterization than who had not. 7) The most common symptom of urinary incontinence was the frequent urine(43.1%), and the next was the urgent urine(12.3), delayed urine(9.2%). 8) 90.7% of the epsodic urinary incontinence were not treated at al, however, they wanted to try the herb medicine(41.5%), Kegel exercise(27.7%), and biofeedback(10.0%). 9) The level of Depression in the group of urinary incontinence was higher than that of non incontinence group significantly. In conclusion, as urinary incontinence in women proved severe health problem, health care providers need to develop and provide nursing intervention of urinary incontinence such as pelvic muscle exercise with bio-feedback and psychological care.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

Securing a stable residential location is one of the most important decisions that must be made in the modern society. On this matter, both individuals and their families must decide on where to live after taking into consideration various analyses. Contributing attributes in the selection of our dwelling place are crucial. In this research, influencing variables were derived from the intention to move by focusing on the characteristics of the household and traffic conditions, while implications were suggested through a comparison of urban characteristics. Suwon was selected as the case study. The result of the analysis showed the city of Suwon has longer communal satisfaction, relies on self-sufficiency, and is conscious of parking regulation. Preferences for rental housing, having infants and elementary school kids, high savings, and commuter convenience in Suwon and Gyeonggi-do ranked higher in the hierarchy of the intention to move. Compared to Gyeonggi-do, Suwon was influenced by commuters in the city and parking regulation-related variables. Meanwhile, Gyeonggi-do was affected by the lack of public transportation facilities and traffic congestion. Suwon, on the other hand, has a high share of passenger car ownership, so it seems that the psychological stability of parking space is significant. This research will contribute in the policy-making of Suwon, especially on the subject of migration prediction of citizens and real estate location selection, through analyses of variables related to the intention to move to a new residence.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experience and meaning of falls among care workers caring for the elderly. Methods: The participants comprised 10 care workers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The data collection period was from September to November 2020, and the data were obtained through individual in-depth interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis method of qualitative research. The main interview questions were as follows: First, in the event of a fall, "can you tell us about your experience and how you dealt with the fall?; second, "can you tell us about your role and the role of family members or the center that manages falls that occur outside of nursing visits.", third, "can you tell us about the difficulties in managing falls based on your experience?", and fourth, "how are falls that occur during nursing visits managed?" Results: As a result of analyzing the experiences of nursing care workers of falls while caring for elders in their homes, five main themes were derived. These were understanding the characteristics of the elderly at home, understanding possible emergency situations, providing caring services, minimizing physical harm, and delivering clear information. Conclusion: A significant finding of this study was that care workers who visit and provide care to elders at home confirmed the need for standard guidelines on appropriate responses in the event of a fall at home and the importance of managing emergencies arising from falls among elders at home. These results highlight the need for the development of emergency response education programs, such as programs on fall care among nurses and care workers who provide care to the elderly, and for enhanced understanding of the fall risk of elders who live at home.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1117-1125
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• 2006

A study is made on the chest pain in the perspective of Hyungsang medicine. The following are the conclusions produced by the examination on the clinical cases of chest pain. Excessive atmospheric influences (wind, rain, cold and summer heat) are the exogenous causes of chest pain. The endogenous causes are diet, dwelling, sexual life and emotions. Persons of bird type are attacked by the chest pain because of emotional depressions. Those of running animal type get sick of chest pain when wood checks earth. Those of turtle type are a afflicted with chest pain due to depression and stagnation of Ki. Those of fish type suffer from chest pain when the ministerial fire of the liver and kidney becomes hyperactive. Chest pain is causes by leakage of Jung for the Jung kwa person, by stagnation of Ki for the Ki kwa person, by flaming fire due to deficiency of Yim for the Shin kwa person and Dy failure of water and fire in complementing each other for the Hyul kwa person. Chest pain often occurs to persons with the following characteristics upward nose, Dig eyes, chapped lips, pronounced foot of nose, red or yellow complexion, frowning face and wrinkles on the nasal radix. Among the six meridian types, chest pain is often found in the persons of Yangmyung and Taeum meridians. Women suffer from chest pain more often than men because breast is a center of life to her.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyse the structure and contents of clothing construction field in the middle-school textbook of technology and home economics with curriculum revised in 2007. 10 kinds of textbooks certified by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in 2010 were selected and home economics field in them was the subject of this study with the external characteristics such as textbook system, instruction area and contents included. This study was content analysis-oriented and descriptive with data calculated by frequency and percentage. The findings are as follows. In 'Reality of Home-Life', food life area showed highest as 34.4% followed by clothing life(28.7%) and dwelling life(28.7%). The portion of present teachers in writing staffs was highest while there was no textbook where professors of each field were included in writing staffs. The contents of costume society, clothes material, clothes management from section 'Choice and Management of Clothes' in the chapter 'Family Life' and clothing construction from the section 'Making and Modifying Clothes' of the chapter 'Reality of Home-Life' were analysed in this study. Clothing construction-related fields were suggested separately by method of measurement, construction theory, drafting theory, drafting an original form, fabric trimming, utilization of the original form, length measure, cloth cutting, hand stitching, how to use a sewing machine, basting and correction, needlework process, completion, and evaluation. The contents of the unit 'Making Shorts' were about clothing construction theory, human body measurement, drafting an original form, process of making shorts and activity/research/experience. The contents of the unit 'Wearing Clothes after Fixing' in clothing construction-related field were about how to fix and recycling.

• ALGAE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.241-261
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• 2021

Amphidinium species are amongst the most abundant benthic dinoflagellates in marine intertidal sandy ecosystems. Some of them produce a variety of bioactive compounds that have both harmful effects and pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Amphidinium cells were isolated from intertidal sand collected from the East China Sea. The two strains established were subjected to detailed examination by light, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The vegetative cells had a minute, irregular, and triangular-shaped epicone deflected to the left, thus fitting the description of Amphidinium sensu stricto. These strains are distinguished from other Amphidinium species by combination characteristics: (1) longitudinal flagellum inserted in the lower third of the cell; (2) icicle-shaped scales, 276 ± 17 nm in length, on the cell body surface; (3) asymmetrical hypocone with the left side longer than the right; and (4) presence of immotile cells. Therefore, they are described here as Amphidinium stirisquamtum sp. nov. The molecular tree inferred from small subunit rRNA, large subunit rRNA, and internal transcribed spacer-5.8S sequences revealed that A. stirisquamtum is grouped together with the type species of Amphidinium, A. operculatum, in a fully supported clade, but is distantly related to other Amphidinium species bearing body scale. Live A.stirisquamtum cells greatly affected the survival of rotifers and brine shrimp, their primary grazers, making them more susceptible to predation by the higher tropic level consumers in the food web. This will increase the risk of introducing toxicity, and consequently, the bioaccumulation of toxins through marine food webs.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.244-253
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• 2011

Due to the development of modern society, desire for residence is not merely for the purpose of habitation. It's also used to represent the joy of living, the resident's emotional expressions, and social status. In order to express such desires, one of the most important factors used to portray them visually is the usage of color. When apartments are constructed, model houses are created to show potential tenants a sample house. The color scheme of those sample houses have been changed in accordance to the transition in the eras. Since 2000, construction companies have created their own apartment brand in order to create their own signature image. To achieve this signature image, one can alter the surface level and use other materials, and colors. I have researched the usage of colors out of the above. The criteria that need to be fulfilled to be a subject for my research are in the top 5 construction companies of the year 2010, within the metropolitan area, and open after 2009. As the result, all construction companies used colors Y and YR. An as accent colors on props such furniture and curtains, they used colors P, PB, and R. They were differences in color tones in each construction company and as the square footage increase, they used color contrasts. Hillstate and Raemian used darker shades in the larger houses. But the color tones YR and Y were used in all houses regardless of their size. E-world, Xi, and Prugio showed differences in shade and tone of colors regardless of size but rather depending on the locations of the apartments.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

'Alley' is the community space as the fundamental living space for local residents and also it's the space which characterize the local community. Research is needed to rediscover the value of alleys which are disappearing due to urban planning. This research focuses on Seochon (current Saejong village) alleys and classify the types of alleys where residential density is seen. Further, this research aims the analysis of dwellings which use the alleys and the characteristics of the layout of alleys. Followings are the research results; 1) Major classifications are 'through alleys' and 'dead end alleys' and there is higher ratio for dead end alleys. 2) Majority of Seochon alleys have the width of more than 1.5 m and less than 3.6 m. 3) There are four types of alleys and straight alleys are most common. 4) Various type of alleys can be found where the width is wider. 5) In case of dead end alleys, there is a tendency of both sides layout rather than one side layout of dwellings. 6) Clusters of hanok can be found at Chebu-dong, Tongin-dong, Nuha-dong and Tongui-dong whereas modern dwellings and villas are more common in Nusang-dong and Ogin-dong. This research analyzes the current status of Seochon alleys and rediscover the value of alleys. This research also provides and presents the basic data materials for continuous sustainable method to keep alleys which characterize the local area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6242-6249
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the physical performance and fear of falls in the community dwelling elderly and to investigate how the factors were connected to one another. The data was collected between January 3rd and March 30th, 2014 from 460 elderly people, aged 65 or older, who agreed to participate in this study. The data was sampled among the elders' assistants as a way of responding to the questionnaire after being read. The study scales were composed of the demographic characteristics, physical function and fear of falls. A total of 139 (30.2%) subjects had experienced a fall. The results showed a positive correlation with the chair rise, standing on the leg, pick up a penny from floor, timed up and go test, and fear of falls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that a predictor of the fear of falls were chair rise and timed up and go test. A combination of physical performance accounted for 16.9% of the fear of fall. Based on the findings of this study, it is useful to more effectively develop fall prevention and intervention programs in a future study.