• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.5-19
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• 2012

Vertical drains along with the preloading technique have been commonly used to enhance the consolidation rate of dredged placement formation. In practice, vertical drains are usually installed in the process of self-weight consolidation of a dredged soil deposit because this process takes considerable time to be completed, which makes conventional analytical or numerical models difficult to quantify the consolidation behavior. In this paper, we propose a governing partial differential equation and develop a numerical model for 2-D axisymmetric non-linear finite strain consolidation considering self-weight consolidation to predict the behavior of a vertical drain in the dredged placement foundation which is installed during the self-weight consolidation. In order to verify the developed model in this paper, results of the numerical analysis are compared with that of the lab-scaled self-weight consolidation test. In addition, the model verification has been carried out by comparing with the simplified method. The comparisons show that the developed model can properly simulate the consolidation of the dredged placement formation with the vertical drains installed during the self-weight consolidation. Finally, the effect of construction schedule of vertical drains and of pre-loading during the self-weight consolidation is examined by simulating an imaginary dredged material placement site with a thickness of 10 m and 20 m, respectively. This simulation infers the applicability of the proposed method in this research for designing a soil improvement in a soft dredged deposit when vertical drains and pre-loading are implemented before the self-weight consolidation ceases.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2023

The film Aftersun(2022) is Scottish director Charlotte Wells' feature debut and is one of the films that received the most attention in the international art film scene that year. The overall structure of the film is a look back at a certain summer vacation that Sophie, now an adult, went to Turkey with Calum, a 30-year-old 'young dad', whom she lived apart after divorcing her mother when she was 11 years old. In fact, it can be said to be a reconstruction of memory, and Aftersun not only describes the contents remembered, but also reveals the process of reconstructing memories, making the film a process of post-action memory work. In this process, Aftersun proves Lev Manovich's words that cinema is an indexic art. Going back and forth between home video and cinematic diegesis, After Sun unleashes a new imaginary temporality through a two-hour conversation, traces of indexical signs engraved on home video and present times. The film urges involuntary memories in the chaotic time to the present, and makes meaning through traces and signs of intense gestures in the dialogue between media and media, past and present. The We think about the meaning through the time when the story is stopped and the implications of the gestures.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.96-106
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• 2014

Previous academic research on FPGA tools has relied on simple imaginary models for the targeting architecture. As the first step to overcome such restriction, the issues on analytic placement and legalization which are applied to commercial FPGAs have been brought up, and several techniques to remedy them are presented, and evaluated. First of all, the center of gravity of the placed cells may be far displaced from the center of the chip during analytic placement. A function is proposed to be added to the objective function for minimizing this displacement. And then, the density map is expanded into multiple layers to accurately calculate the density distribution for each of the cell types. Early fixation is also proposed for the memory blocks which can be placed at limited sites in small numbers. Since two flip-flops share control pins in a slice, a compatibility constraint is introduced during legalization. Pre-packing compatible flip-flops is proposed as a proactive step. The proposed techniques are implemented on the K-FPGA fabric evaluation framework in which commercial architectures can be precisely modeled, and modified for enhancement, and validated on twelve industrial strength examples. The placement results show that the proposed techniques have reduced the wire length by 22%, and the slice usage by 5% on average. This research is expected to be a development basis of the optimization CAD tools for new as well as the state-of-the-art FPGA architectures.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the optimal insertion angle between the skin and the needle in ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization with trauma patients. Methods: From March 2012 to December 2012, consecutive trauma patients who were planned to receive IJV catheterization were prospectively enrolled. We measured the distances from the skin to IJV's anterior-posterior (AP) vessel wall on the longitudinal scan's midline in supine-positioned patients. We calculated the AP diameter of IJV and the angle between skin and the imaginary line from the puncture site to the IJV's internal center on screen's midline (defined as optimal angle which is considered as the safest approach) on the longitudinal scan. We divided the patients into 3 groups based on the CVP (low CVP <5 $cmH_2O$, $5{\leq}$ middle CVP ${\leq}10\;cmH_2O$, and high CVP>10 $cmH_2O$) and compared their mean anterior posterior (AP) diameters and optimal angles. Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled. Of these 21 were women(35.4%). The mean AP diameter of low CVP group was significantly lower than middle and high CVP groups($0.68{\pm}0.30$, $1.06{\pm}0.31$, and $1.23{\pm}0.49$ cm respectively, p=0.003 vs. 0.002). There was no significant difference among 3 groups' mean optimal angles ($28.1{\pm}6.1$, $30.1{\pm}4.5$, and $28.0{\pm}5.0$ degree respectively). Conclusion: The optimal angle between the skin and the needle in ultrasound-guided IJV catheterization with trauma patients is not changed as about 30 degrees regardless of CVP even though IJV's diameter is altered in proportion to the CVP.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2011

A 1D numerical model for steady flow, based on the energy equation, was developed for natural rivers with emergent vegetations on floodplains and banks. The friction slope was determined by the friction law of Darcy-Weisbach. The composite friction factor of the each cross section was calculated by considering bottom roughness of the main channel and the floodplains, the flow resistance of vegetations, the apparent shear stress and the flow resistance caused by the momentum transfer between vegetated areas and non-vegetated areas. The interface friction factor caused by flow interaction was calculated by empirical formulas of Mertens and Nuding. In order to verify the accuracy of the suggested model, water surface elevations were calculated by using imaginary compound channels and the results of calculations were compared with that of the HEC-RAS. The sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm changed friction factors by vegetations density etc. The suggested model was applied to the reach of the Enz River in Germany, and estimated water surface elevations of the Enz River were compared with measured water surface elevations. This model could acceptably compute not only water surface elevations with low discharge but also that with high discharge. So, the suggested model in this study verified the applicability in natural rivers with emergent vegetations.

• Korean Association for Visual Culture
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• v.35
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• pp.5-33
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• 2019

This paper examines the problems of the concept of 'analogon' which occupies an important place in Jean-Paul Sartre's theory of imagination and his 'aesthetic of the unreal', focusing on Michel Dufrenne's objection to the concept. In the Imaginary (1940), Sartre offers a phenomenological account of the imaginative experience and his theory of imagination provides the basis for his account of experience of art. Sartre distinguishes the imagining consciousness from the realizing consciousness of perception. The work of art, for Sartre, is transformed into an irreal thing ("The work of art is irreality."), i.e. it appears only as aesthetic object, and only under the condition that the spectator's consciousness changes into an imagining consciousness. Some claim that Sartre underemphasizes the function of materiality in artworks. Mikel Dufrenne, in his The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience (1953), criticizes Sartre's thesis of irreality. Dufrenne argues that the aesthetic object is the work of art accomplished by aesthetic perception, the meaning of the aesthetic object is given as a whole in the sensuous and does not refer to something that lies outside the object as with imagination or irreality. An affective a priori is the condition of possibility for the occurrence of aesthetic experience.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2015

Programming education plays a very effective role in comprehensively learning problem analysis ability, logical thinking ability, procedural problem solving method, and imaginary problem solving method. Until recently, however, it is not applied to the elementary and the middle school in Korea, which is very different from the other IT centerd countries such as the U.S., etc., where coding class is actively implemented. Fortunately, Korean government recognized this reality and decided to implement programming education as a regular subject in the elementary school from 2017. In this situation, many researchers' programming education model research is urgently required for the students to learn in the elementary and the middle school. This research developed and suggested 17 sessions of programing education model connected with scratch language and sensor board, which is hardware, to be applied to the class of the 5th and 6th graders. As the result of implementing the joint class of 5th and 6th graders during the after-school class based on programming education process suggested to verify the suitability for elementary school programing education, satisfactory achievement was attained by the assessed students. The researcher plans to develop an optimum model proper for the elementary school students' intellectual capacity by more improving programming education model.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.451-462
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• 2017

This study selected 3D printing that is highly likely to be adopted in schools. This research was conducted in two stages: 1) proposing the learning activity framework for utilizing 3D printing in education, and 2) exploring the potential of integrating 3D printing in the school field. The '3D printing learning activity framework' proposed in this study includes four phases that are categorized according to the complexity of problem-solving processes and collaborative interaction: Step 1 as production through replication, Phase 2 as means of imaginary expression, Phase 3 as near problem-solving, and Phase 4 as expanded problem-solving. Next, we conducted the field study with 23 students in the 6th grade math class where they learned the various solid shapes and volumes through 3D printing-integrated activities. The lesson was considered as Phase 1, which is the production through replication. Overall, the results showed that the participants had positive perceptions about the efficacy of 3D printing activities, the quality of learning experience, and satisfaction. On the other hand, it was found that the usability of 3D printers and CAD program needs further improvement The contribution of this study can be found in the learning activity framework that can guide 3D printing activity design in school, and in the exploration of enhancing the connection between 3D printing activities and curricular relevance beyond simple interest toward a novel technology.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

Background and Purpose Through ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$, Dongmu Lee Je-ma supposed the minds of management for Sasang Constitutional Symptoms, which had been accomplished through several steps from his early writings to ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ published in 1901. His basic minds of treatment for disease had been supposed early in ${\ulcorner}$Gyojapyungseongjam${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo${\lrcorner}$, and had been completed to the Sasang Constitutional Symptoms and the minds of management for it, from ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ written in 1894 to ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ published in 1901. In this paper, I tried to find the minds of treatment of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$, through classifying and researching the early minds of treatment (presented in ${\ulcorner}$Gyojapyungseongjam${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo${\ulcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$), and the latter minds of treatment (presented in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\ulcorner}$ written in 1894, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ published in 1901) Methods It was researched as bibliologically with his writings such as ${\ulcorner}$Gyojapyungseongjam${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ written in 1894, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ published in 1901. Results and Conclusions The conclusions were as follows. 1. At early, Dongmu Lee Je-ma pursued the minds of treatment at the autonomous control through 'Acquaintance and Self-control' based on 'the Knowledge of Nature and Desire', so emphasized 'self-control' as important point in treatment. 2. From ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lcorner}$, Dongmu summarized Sasang constitutional symptoms structurally in view of Morpho-imaginary. In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lcorner}$ written in 1894, It was described in view of small organ, but in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lcorner}$ published in 1901, suggested more updated in view of both large and small organ and to which added the concept of Hot and Cold. 3. Through reinterpreting the concept of interior and exterior disease in ${\ulcorner}$Sanghanrhon${\lcorner}$, the concept of Sasang constitutional symptoms had started as the minds of treatment for individual disease, but in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lcorner}$ published in 1901, it was accomplished as the minds of broad management for Sasang Constitutional Symptoms. 4. In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lcorner}$ published in 1901, the broad therapeutic prescriptions for management of Sasang constitutional symptoms were proposed newly, according to the accomplishment of Sasang constitutional symptomatic patterns, so these have different aims and are more important than that proposed previously. 5. The control in view of 'Knowledge and Deed' and the minds of management for Sasang constitutional symptoms are the minds and spirits for treantment and prevention against disease, which can maximize the power of autonomous self-treatment and manage all disease broadly.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2011

The radiation shielding analysis for a Burnup-credit (BUC) cask designed under the management of Korea Radioactive Waste Management Corporation (KRMC) was performed to examine the contribution of each radiation source affecting dose rate distribution around the cask. Various radiation sources, which contain neutron and gamma-ray sources placed in active fuel region and the activation source, and imaginary nuclear fuel were all considered in the MCNP calculation model to realistically simulate the actual situations. It was found that the maximum external and surface dose rates of the spent fuel cask were satisfied with the domestic standards both in normal and accident conditions. In normal condition, the radiation dose rate distribution around the cask was mainly influenced by activation source ($^{60}Co$ radioisotope); in another case, the neutron emitted in active fuel region contributed about 90% to external dose rate at 1m distance from side surface of the cask. Besides, the contribution level of activation source was dramatically increased to the dose rates in top and bottom regions of the cask. From this study, it was recognized that the detailed investigation on the radiation sources should be performed conservatively and accurately in the process of radiation shielding analysis for a BUC cask.