• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8495-8497
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate whether it is safe to use leucogen tablets 60 mg three times per day (180 mg for a day) and whether this regimen could reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Methods: This prospectively designed study focused on the safety and effectiveness of leucogen tablets 60mg three times per day for a group of cancer patients during chemotherapy for mainly lung or gastric cancers. The tablets were administered from 5 days before until the termination of chemotherapy. Neutropenia and other healthcare encounters were defined as events and occurrence was estimated for comparison. Results: We identified 39 patients receiving leucogen tablets 60mg three times per day, including 11 with gastric, 12 with lung and 16 with other sites of cancer. The mean age was 65 (29-75) years and there were 27 male and 12 female patients. The mean duration of leucogen tablets intake was 59 days. Eighteen patients were treated with taxane-based, 4 with irinotecan-based and 17 with other chemotherapy. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 0%. Twelve patients were found severe neutropenia (grade III/IV), and the duration of severe neutropenia (grade III/IV) was 5 days. Treatment-emergent adverse events were attributable to complications of myelosuppressive chemotherapy or the primary disease (i.e., alopecia, nausea, asthenia, neutropenia, and severe hepatic renal dysfunction). No chemotherapy was delayed and no treatment related death was observed. Conclusions: This study suggested that leucogen tablets 60mg three times per day (180mg for a day) are safe and could be effective for preventing febrile neutropenia in patients with chemotherapy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 2018

The YrdC superfamily is a group of proteins that are highly conserved in almost all organisms sequenced so far. YrdC in Escherichia coli was suggested to be involved in ribosome biogenesis, translation termination, cold adaptation, and threonylcarbamoyl adenosine formation in tRNA. In this study, to unambiguously demonstrate that yrdC is essential in E. coli, we constructed two yrdC mutant strains of E. coli and examined their phenotypes. In the temperature-sensitive yrdC mutant strain, cell growth stopped almost immediately under nonpermissive conditions and it appeared to accumulate 16S ribosomal RNA precursors without significant accumulation of 30S ribosomal subunits. We also cloned yeast and human homologs and demonstrated that they complement the E. coli yrdC-deletion strain. By mutational study, we demonstrated that the concave surface in the middle of the YrdC protein plays an important role in E. coli, yeast, and human versions. By comparison of two yrdC-deletion strains, we also unambiguously demonstrated that yrdC is essential for viability in E. coli and that the functions of its yeast and human homologs overlap with that of E. coli YrdC.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.627-636
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• 1993

Anionic acrylic resin utilizing macromer(TBMA-g-MMA) copolymer was synthesized by preparing (TBMA) macromer using anionic living polymerization, followed by graft copolymerization with MMA macromer. To control the anionic site content in graft copolymer, the relative composition((TBMA) macromer/MMA ratio) of the graft copolymer was controlled at 7/3, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50 in weight content. In the course of anionic living polymerization of(TBMA) macromer, broad molecular weight distribution (1.4~1.5) was obtained by using n-butyllithium-diphenyethylene initiatior system at $-78^{\circ}C$. To introduce the double bond at the end of chain in termination step, methacryloyl chloride was reacted after insertion of benzaldehyde as capping material. Moreover, TBMA parts in graft copolymer were hydrolyzed in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst, and neutralization of graft copolymer with triethylamine was granted acrylic resin to anionic site. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of(TBMA) macromer were determined by GPC, and the hydrolysis of TBMA with neutralization of acrylic resin were determined by IR and NMR. From water dispersion and stability point of view, stable dispersion state appeared at low molecular weight(TBMA) macromer with a small TBMA content as a result of scrutiny about the relation to TBMA content and branch length for(TBMA) macromer molecular weight in graft copolymer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.796-803
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• 1999

Solution copolymerization of styrene(St.) with methyl methacrylate(MMA), ethyl methacrylate(EMA) and n-butyl methacrylate(BMA) was carried out with benzoylperoxide(BPO) as an initiator in toluene at $80^{\circ}C$ in a continuous stirred tank reactor. Reaction volume and residence time were 0.6 liters and 3hours, respectively. The monomer reactivity ratios, $r_1(St.)$ and $r_2(RMA)$ determined by both the Kelen-Tudos method and the Fineman-Ross method were $r_1(St.)=0.60(0.61),\;r_2(MMA)=0.59(0.60);\;r_1(St.)=0.65(0.62),\;r_2(EMA)=0.55(0.52);\;r_1(St.)=0.75(0.67),\;r_2(BMA)=0.63(0.56)$. The cross-termination factor $\Phi$ of the copolymer over the entire St. compositions ranged from 0.26 to 0.96. The $\Phi$ factors of St.-RMA copolymer were increased with increasing St. content. The simulated conversions and copolymerization rates were compared with the experimental results. The average time to reach dynamic steady-state was three times and half of the residence time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.2
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• pp.20-30
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• 1999

We have made the single side hand filter for the dual channel receiver which is a heterodyne receiver to observe the cosmic radio waves with 100GHz band ranged from 85GHz to 115GHz and 150GHz band ranged from 125GHz to 175GHz simultaneously. We have introduced the filter theory using the principle of the Martion-Puplett interferometer, which has the characteristics of rotated polarization. To reduce the loss of the transmission and beam coupling which are caused from the path difference associated with the intermediate frequency the design and the implementation have been intensely considered. The receiver needs two filters with different characteristics each other. Because each of them has the optimum positions as a function frequency at which the signal frequency is fed to mixer and the image frequency is rejected to the image termination load. The intermediate frequency and its band width have been also evaluated. We have measured the property of two filters using the vector network analyser and the beam measurement system which is made by us. The responses of the filter as a function of the position and the frequency are compared with the theory. It is shown that not only the measured values are very close to the theoretical values, but also the image rejection ratios are better than 22dB for both filters. Through successful observation using a dual channel receiver with two manufactured filters, the performance of the filters has finally verified.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2000

Traditionally, EPT and thermal tests were used as diagnostic methods for pulp vitality test. The thermal and electrical stimulation tests are the methods to determine the vitality of a tooth based on its neuronal response. These have certain limitations, one of them is the difficulty of approaching the correct result in case of treatment of children. The reason is management problem caused by the unpleasant stimulation. Also, the response from patients are not objective, and false positive or false negative could be happened. Recently, laser doppler flowmetry and pulse oximeter which evaluate vascular integrity are introduced in an effort of overcoming to limitation of traditional methods. The principle of pulse oximeter is to and out level of oxygen saturation by ratio of the two pulses between emitted light and detected light penetrating them to the termination of body, such as ears or fingers. From this point of view, it can be applied to a tooth to determine its vitality. The objective of this study lies mainly on varifying pulse oximeter as a method of determining tooth vitality and providing basic data of its clinical implementation. The result of the research showed that level of oxygen saturation in vital teeth was average of 96.3% and 0.0% in pulpless teeth. As a comprehensive result, pulse oximeter could be an useful diagnostic equipment in determining of tooth vitality.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.261-288
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• 2016

We present the results of simultaneous monitoring observations of $H_2O$ $6_{1,6}-5_{2,3}$ (22GHz) and SiO J=1-0, 2-1, 3-2 maser lines (43, 86, 129GHz) toward five post-AGB (candidate) stars, using the 21-m single-dish telescopes of the Korean VLBI Network. Depending on the target objects, 7 - 11 epochs of data were obtained. We detected both $H_2O$ and SiO maser lines from four sources: OH16.1-0.3, OH38.10-0.13, OH65.5+1.3, and IRAS 19312+1950. We could not detect $H_2O$ maser emission toward OH13.1+5.1 between the late OH/IR and post-AGB stage. The detected $H_2O$ masers show typical double-peaked line profiles. The SiO masers from four sources, except IRAS 19312+1950, show the peaks around the stellar velocity as a single peak, whereas the SiO masers from IRAS 19312+1950 occur above the red peak of the $H_2O$ maser. We analyzed the properties of detected maser lines, and investigated their evolutionary state through comparison with the full widths at zero power. The distribution of observed target sources was also investigated in the IRAS two-color diagram in relation with the evolutionary stage of post-AGB stars. From our analyses, the evolutionary sequence of observed sources is suggested as OH65.5+1.3${\rightarrow}$OH13.1+5.1${\rightarrow}$OH16.1-0.3${\rightarrow}$OH38.10-0.13, except for IRAS 19312+1950. In addition, OH13.1+5.1 from which the $H_2O$ maser has not been detected is suggested to be on the gateway toward the post-AGB stage. With respect to the enigmatic object, IRAS 19312+1950, we could not clearly figure out its nature. To properly explain the unusual phenomena of SiO and $H_2O$ masers, it is essential to establish the relative locations and spatial distributions of two masers using VLBI technique. We also include the $1.2-160{\mu}m$ spectral energy distribution using photometric data from the following surveys: 2MASS, WISE, MSX, IRAS, and AKARI (IRC and FIS). In addition, from the IRAS LRS spectra, we found that the depth of silicate absorption features shows significant variations depending on the evolutionary sequence, associated with the termination of AGB phase mass-loss.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

A wide range of challenges and obstacles still exist for "mumpreneurs" in creating or developing their business ventures. It is important to investigate the factors regarding why many mothers choose to become self-employed and partially abandon the benefits offered by traditional employment. This study focus on the individual, but an implied positive relationship also exits between motivational factors and mumpreneurs in Korea. Thus, four factors in this study - push, pull, environmental, and financial factor - raise the practical implications regarding the motivational factors of women entrepreneurial challenges in Korea. This study's findings also consider the nature and changes of Korean mumpreneurs' motivational factors, their challenges, and attitudes as business owners in Korean labor markets. This study's findings suggest that a combination of push and pull factors could similarly trigger new business ownership. The empirical contrast in such variables as motivations or barriers to mumpreneurship, in realities provide a superior understanding of women's tendency or willingness toward business creation, as they struggle to survive in the Korean labor market. They tend to start their own businesses to gain more responsibilities in both work and their families, and want to manage their own lives to contribute as capable members of society. Therefore, any Korean mother, regardless of any industry-specific experience, wants to use entrepreneurship as a shortcut to satisfy her need for self-fulfillment. The general motivational factors for becoming a mumpreneur exist among both external and internal situations. The circumstances beyond their control, such as job termination or unemployment, compel these mothers into the workforce due to their responsibility toward their families, but they simultaneously dream of self-achievement and development. Most mumpreneurs in Korea also want to demonstrate their potential and achieve societal recognition as well as increase in property.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 1994

The Tertiary $Ch{\check{o}}ngja$ basin is located in the southeastern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula. It is a lozenge shaped fault-bounded basin with circa $5{\times}5km$ areal extent, isolated from other Tertiary basins by the Cretaceous Ulsan Formation in-between. The northwestern boundary of the basin is a domino/listric type normal fault trending $N30^{\circ}E$, whereas its southwestern boundary is a dextral strike-slip fault (trending $N20^{\circ}W$) with a lateral offset of more than 1 km. The basin is bounded by the East Sea on the eastern margin. Basin-fills consist of extrusive volcanic rock (Tangsa Andesites) of Early Miocene (16~22 Ma in radiometric age), unconsolidated fluviatile conglomerate (Kangdong Formation) and shallow brackish-water sandstone ($Sinhy{\check{o}}n$ Formation). The latter yields abundant Vicarya-Anadara molluscan fossils of early Middle Miocene age. The Tertiary strata become younger toward the northwestern boundary-fault of the basin, showing a zonal distribution pattern parallel to the fault: the younger sedimentary formations occupy a narrow zone of 2 km width along the northwestern boundary-fault, whereas the older Tangsa Andesites underlie them unconformably in the eastern and southeastern portions of the basin. The strata in the basin, including the Tangsa Andesites, are tilted (about $20^{\circ}$) toward the northwestern boundary-fault Sedimentary strata thicken toward the boundary-fault, forming a wedge shaped half-graben structure. A number of small-scale syndepositional normal growth faults and graben structures are observed in the sedimentary strata. These extensional structures have the same trend as the normal northwestern boundary-fault which we interpret as a pull-apart detachment fault. These characteristics imply persistent extension during the basin evolution, caused by a NW-SE directed tensional force. The $Ch{\check{o}}ngja$ basin is, thus, a kind of syndepositional tectonic basin evolved in a strike-slip (pull-apart) regime. The latter was caused by a dextral simple shear associated with the NNW-SSE opening of the East Sea. In view of the fact that the normal growth faults do not cut through the uppermost portion of the youngest $Sinhy{\check{o}}n$ Formation, it is inferred that the tensional force came to be inactive in the early Middle Miocene. This is coincident in timing with the termination of the East Sea opening (15 Ma).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.69-82
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• 2004

Objectives : In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to hand yang meridian on the ankle sprain model was examined. Methods & Results : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the lateral ankle sprain. To model this condition, the rat's right ankle was bent repeatedly, overextending lateral ligaments, for 4 min under halothane anesthesia. The rat subsequently showed swelling of the ankle and a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful ankle. EA was applied to the several acupuncture point on the contralateral forelimb for 30 min under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 4 h. EA applied to SI-6 point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the sprained foot lasting for at least 2 h. However, neigher LI-4 point nor TE-3 point produced any significant increase of weight bearing force. The improvement of stepping pressure was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, LI-4 or TE-3. The analgesic effect of EA applied to SI-6 was more powerful when EA was applied by low-frequency and high-intensity stimulation. In addition, this effect need to be stimulated more than 15 min. Conclusions : These data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model in the rat. This analgesic effect is produced by applying EA to a Tae-Yang meridian at opposite side from the painful area in a stimulus point-specific way.