Analysis of Motivational Factors of Korean Women with Children to become Mumpreneurs

한국 주부 창업자의 창업 동기요인 분석

  • Received : 2018.01.10
  • Accepted : 2018.04.16
  • Published : 2018.04.30

Abstract

A wide range of challenges and obstacles still exist for "mumpreneurs" in creating or developing their business ventures. It is important to investigate the factors regarding why many mothers choose to become self-employed and partially abandon the benefits offered by traditional employment. This study focus on the individual, but an implied positive relationship also exits between motivational factors and mumpreneurs in Korea. Thus, four factors in this study - push, pull, environmental, and financial factor - raise the practical implications regarding the motivational factors of women entrepreneurial challenges in Korea. This study's findings also consider the nature and changes of Korean mumpreneurs' motivational factors, their challenges, and attitudes as business owners in Korean labor markets. This study's findings suggest that a combination of push and pull factors could similarly trigger new business ownership. The empirical contrast in such variables as motivations or barriers to mumpreneurship, in realities provide a superior understanding of women's tendency or willingness toward business creation, as they struggle to survive in the Korean labor market. They tend to start their own businesses to gain more responsibilities in both work and their families, and want to manage their own lives to contribute as capable members of society. Therefore, any Korean mother, regardless of any industry-specific experience, wants to use entrepreneurship as a shortcut to satisfy her need for self-fulfillment. The general motivational factors for becoming a mumpreneur exist among both external and internal situations. The circumstances beyond their control, such as job termination or unemployment, compel these mothers into the workforce due to their responsibility toward their families, but they simultaneously dream of self-achievement and development. Most mumpreneurs in Korea also want to demonstrate their potential and achieve societal recognition as well as increase in property.

주부들이 창업을 하고 이를 운영해나가기에는 많은 도전과 어려움이 따른다. 많은 결혼한 여성들이 어떠한 이유로 스스로 창업의 길을 선택하고 기존의 직장에서 제공받는 혜택을 버리는지에 대한 요소들은 분석하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서의 여성 창업자들의 창업동기요인들 및 그들의 상관관계에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 즉, 창업 동기 요인을 추진요인, 흡인요인, 환경적 요인, 재정적 요인 등 네 가지로 나누어 한국에서의 여성 창업자들의 동기 요인을 분석하였다. 또한, 한국의 결혼한 여성 창업자들의 창업요인들의 특성 및 변화 그리고 한국의 노동 시장에서 사업자로서의 도전과 현실에 대한 부분도 고려하였다. 연구 결과 추진요인과 흡인요인이 결합하여 주부 창업자들이 창업을 하는 계기를 제공함을 알 수 있었다. 주부 창업에 대한 동기와 장벽에 대한 실증적인 분석은 한국의 노동시장에서 여성들이 살아남기 위해 얼마나 힘들게 사업을 이어가고 있는지 알 수 있다. 그들은 일과 가족에 대한 책임감으로 인하여 창업을 하게 되고 사회의 한 구성원으로서 일익을 담당하고자 한다. 또한, 주부 창업자들은 직장 생활에 대한 경험에 상관없이 기업가 정신을 발휘하여 자기만족을 얻고자 한다. 주부 창업의 일반적인 동기는 외적인 환경과 내적인 환경에 기인하며, 직장에서의 퇴사 및 비고용 그리고 주부들의 가족에 대한 책임감으로 인해 노동시장으로 내몰리고 있지만 그들은 동시에 자기만족과 자기개발을 꿈꾸고 있다. 대부분의 한국의 주부 창업자들은 자신들의 잠재적인 역량을 사회로부터 인정받기를 원하며 이와 더불어 재산 증식을 바라고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Akehurst, G., Simarro, G., & Mas-Tur, A.(2012). Women entrepreneurship in small service firms: Motivations, barriers and performance, The Service Industries Journal, 32(15), 2489-2505. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2012.677834
  2. Boyd, N., & Voziki, S. G.(1994). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800404
  3. Carter, S., Anderson, S. & Shaw, E. (2001). Women's Business Ownership: A Review of the Academic, Popular and Internet Literature, Retrieved from: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/16208/2015.11.20.
  4. Cassar, G.(2007). Money, money, money? A longitudinal investigation of entrepreneur career reasons, growth preferences and achieved growth, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 19(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620601002246
  5. Collins English Dictionary(2011, February 2016). Definition of Mumpreneur, Retrieved from:https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mumpreneur.
  6. Cromie, S.(1987). Motivations of Aspiring Male and Female Entrepreneurs, Journal of Occupational Behavior, 8(3), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030080306
  7. Dawson, C., & Henley, A.(2012). Push versus pull entrepreneurship: an ambiguous distinction, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 18(6), 697-719. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211268139
  8. Ekinsmyth, C.(2011). Challenging the boundaries of entrepreneurship: The spatialities and practices of UK mumpreneurs, Geoforum, 42(1), 102-114.
  9. GEM report, Kelley, D. J., Brush, G. C., Greene, G. P., & Litovsky, Y. (2010). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010 Report: Women Entrepreneurs Worldwide, MA, USA.
  10. Green, M. J. (2013). The Power of Korea's Women, International Herald Tribune/Korea Joong Ang Daily, Retrieved from: http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2972483/2014.05.12.
  11. Hisrich, R. D., & Brush, C. G.(1985). Women and minority entrepreneurs: a comparative analysis, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College.
  12. Jayawarna, D., Rouse, J., & Kitching, J.(2011). Entrepreneur motivations and life course, International Small Business Journal, 31(1), 34-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611401444
  13. Jeon, H., & Park, J.(2015). A Study on Changes of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem on Women Entrepreneurial Intentions, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 85-96.
  14. Jiyeun, L.(2015, December 2016). South Korea Wants Its Women to Lean In To Workforce After Childbirth: Women's headstart in workforce ends when men return from military service, Retrieved from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-25/challenging-gender-inequality-in-south-korea.
  15. Kar, B., Subudhi, R. N., & Kar, N.(2016). Gender-Gap in Entrepreneurship: A Study on Ideation, Efficacy, Planning Differentiation Measures, Amity Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 49-61.
  16. Kariv, D.(2011), Entrepreneurial orientations of women business founders from a push/pull perspective: Canadians versus non-Canadians-A multinational assessment, Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 24(3), 397-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593546
  17. Kirkwood, J.(2009), Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship, Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(5), 346-364. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542410910968805
  18. Korsgaard, S.(2007). Mompreneurship as a challenge to the growth ideology of entrepreneurship, Kontur, 16(1), 42-45.
  19. KWEA report, Small and Medium Business Association (2005). Survey on current status of women business undertaken in association with the Korean Women Entrepreneurs Association (KWEA), Industrial Economic Review, 12(6), 5-13.
  20. Mitchell, T. R.(1982). Motivation: New directions for theory research and practice, Academy of Management Review, 7(1), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1982.4285467
  21. Oh. H., Lee, C., & Kim, J.(2014). The Study on the Women Entrepreneurs' Psychological, Environmental, Personal Factors Affecting on Entrepreneurial Motivation and Performance, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.9.2.201404.45
  22. Orhan, M., & Scott, D.(2001). Why women enter into entrepreneurship: an explanatory model, Women in Management Review, 16(5), 232-247. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420110395719
  23. Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, American Psychologist, 55(1), 66-78.
  24. Song(2013). South Korean women face glass ceiling in workforce. Retrieved from: https://www.ft.com/content/50242166-ce60-11e2-8313-00144feab7de/2015.04.20.
  25. Robinson, S.(2001). An examination of entrepreneurial motives and their influence on the way rural women small business owners manage their employees, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship.
  26. Wu, S., Matthews, L., & Dagher, G. K.(2007). Need for achievement, business goals and entrepreneurial persistence, Management Research News, 30(12), 928-941. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170710833358