• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.6-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Chanel Collection, a famous brand acknowledged for it's modern style, was influenced by post-modernism. The scope of research includes initial concentration on 1920's boyish style of Chanel as well as its relative influence on modernism. Secondly, the research concentrates on Chanel Collections that Lagerfeld's designs were best represented. The results were as follows: The tendency to eroticism for fashion business, tendency to retro-fashion, tendency to popularization of sub-cultural group's fashion, tendency to no-match-mix, tendency to androgynous style, tendency to emphasis on ornaments in clothing.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to make more reliable researches on the tendency of shirking from the mathematics by including those of the students in the other country, and there are a series of researches such as 'math-camp to raise the mathematical tendency of the students who make little progress in the study', 'establishment of factors causing the shirking tendency from the mathematics and development of the analyzing instruments for it' and 'study on the preference to each category of the school mathematics.' For this purpose, I used a test developed by the shirking tendency research team. I compared the average score and standard deviation between the Korean and the Australian students. As for the average score, that of the Australian elementary school students is about one point higher than the Korean students, and there was no remarkable difference in the deviation. Comparing the math-shirking tendency of the two groups, they show higher shirking tendency in the aspects of emotional and mathematical recognition that belong to the psychological and environmental sphere. And, as for an extent of association in difficulties according to each school grades, its degree of the Australian students is comparatively lower than that of the Korean students, therefore, the shirking tendency of the Australian students is intermediate level whereas that of the Korean students is the lowest. They show us a peculiar result in teacher factor. It is noteworthy in that the Korean students show a positive reaction in that factor, however, the Australian students show a comparatively weak reaction. It might be caused by a cultural difference. I also have compared the accumulated percentage according to each shirking tendency factors. It will not only be very efficient for teachers to establish a teaching plan but also a good data to understand the shirking tendency of each student. This will be a very good data for the planners of teaching policy to remedy the causes of shirking tendency. And, it will also be used effectively to write a new textbook. It has been uncommon that a psychological test is used in the research for the improvement of teaching and learning mathematics. In this aspect, I am sure that this study including the preceding research will be a good in studying the shirking tendency factors by using a psychological test. I believe that this research will be a help to grasp the outline of the shirking tendency and I will have to try continuously to make it be a reasonable and reliable study.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-31
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• 2017

This paper aims to identify the impact on self-satisfaction of shopping tendencies and purchase behaviors for luxury goods. The research was conducted by survey method using questionnaires. The subjects of this study were female consumers from 20 to years old with a high purchasing capability for luxury goods. Using the statistics program SPSS 21.0, factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple-regression analysis were executed. The analysis results are summarized below. For shopping tendency depending on ages, pleasure pursuit tendency showed insignificant difference in 40~50s, but significant difference in 20~30s. For the self-satisfaction, the interpersonal satisfaction showed the difference by age group, which was much higher in the respondents in 30~50s than those in 20s. Individuality pursuit tendency and rational shopping tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and rational shopping tendency on interpersonal satisfaction in 20s. Pleasure pursuit tendency and rational shopping tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction and pleasure pursuit tendency on the economic satisfaction in 30s. Pleasure pursuit tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and economic satisfaction and rational satisfaction on interpersonal satisfaction in 40s. Pleasure pursuit tendency and rational shopping tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction in 50s. High quality had impact on self-satisfaction and economic satisfaction and practicality on interpersonal satisfaction in 20s. High quality had impact on self-satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction in 30s. High quality had impact on interpersonal satisfaction in 40s. High quality had impact on all elements of self-satisfaction for the respondents in 50s, practicality had negative impact on interpersonal satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.114-129
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• 2010

The purpose of this study were to identify shopping orientation for fashion outlet consumers and its significance in influencing brand loyalty and shopping satisfaction. This study will propose results which help to better understand shopping orientation of fashion outlet consumers. A questionnaire was administered to 326 20s male and female living in Daegu Gyeongbuk during October of 2008. Data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Reliability analysis, t-test and Regression analysis. The results of the research are as follows: First, The shopping orientation could be into 5 dimensions: pleasure tendency, fashion tendency, name brand tendency, prudence buying tendency, economic tendency. Brand loyalty were factor analyzed resulting three factors such as brand loyalty, brand care and brand knowledge. Brand loyalty factors of brand loyalty and brand knowledge had a positive effect on fashion tendency, name brand tendency. Brand care has a positive effect on name brand tendency and economic tendency. Second, Shopping satisfaction were factor analyzed resulting five factors such as product, store atmosphere, service store reputation, location convenience and price. Outlet product had a positive effect on fashion tendency, name brand tendency, prudence buying tendency and while all other factors showed a positive effect on preferences to follow trends. However, outlet price had a positive effect on only those consumers possessing a economic tendency.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.283-312
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• 2012

Problem-solving ability is one of the most important learning outcomes for students to compete and accomplish in a knowledge-based society. It has been empirically proven that visualization plays a central role in problem-solving. The best performing problem-solver might have a strong visualization tendency. However, there is little research as to what factors of visualization tendency primarily related to problem-solving ability according to phases of problem-solving. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between visualization tendency and problem-solving ability, to determine which factors of visualization tendency influence problem-solving ability in each phase of problem-solving, and to examine different problem-solving ability from the perspective of the levels of visualization tendency. This study has found out that visualization tendency has a significant correlation with problem-solving ability. Especially, Generative Visualization and Spatial-Motor Visualization as sub-visualization tendency were more strongly related to each phase of problem-solving. It indicates that visualization tendency to generate and operate mental processing can be considered a major cognitive skill to improve problem-solving ability. Furthermore, students who have high visualization tendency also have significantly higher problem-solving ability than students with low visualization tendency. It shows that the levels of visualization tendency can predict variables related to students' problem-solving ability.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among preschoolers' smartphone addiction tendency, problem behaviors, and parenting efficacy of the mothers of these children. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used with self-administered questionnaires. A total of 83 mothers of preschoolers aged 4-6 years and their preschool teachers from a kindergarten participated in the study. Results: Mean daily time spent by the preschoolers on smartphones was about 45 minutes/day. About 40% spent more than 60 minutes/day on smartphones. The majority (69.8%) used smartphones without adult supervision. The level of smartphone addiction tendency among the preschoolers was $1.52{\pm}0.45$ on a 4-point scale. Preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for more than 60 minutes/day showed a higher level of smartphone addiction tendency than preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for less than 60 minutes/day. Also smartphone addiction tendency among preschoolers had a positive correlation with hyperactive-distractible behavior (r=.228, p=.038) and a negative correlation with parenting efficacy of their mothers (r=-.299, p=.006). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that preschooler's smartphone addiction tendency is significantly associated with hyperactive-distractible behaviors of the children and low parenting efficacy among their mothers. Therefore well-designed care plans for these populations should be provided to decrease smartphone addiction tendency.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of perceived parent-adolescent communication on SNS addiction tendency among high school students and to investigate the mediating effects of self-control on the relationship between above variables. 567 students who were registered in three high schools located in D city completed a questionnaire on parent-adolescent communication, SNS addiction tendency, and self-control. Structural equation models were conducted to compare the research model (complete mediating effect) and the competing model (partial mediating effect), and bootstrapping was conducted to investigate the mediating effects of self-control with SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results are as follow: First, while the parent-adolescent communication did not directly have an effect the SNS addiction tendency, the self-control had a direct effect on the SNS addiction tendency. Second, the research model was selected as a final model which implied that parent-adolescent communication had an indirect effect on SNS addiction tendency among high school students. Third, self-control had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between parent-adolescent communication and high school students' SNS addiction tendency. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that parent-adolescent communication had an indirect effect rather than a direct effect through self-control on high school students' SNS addiction tendency. This result indicates that the SNS addiction tendency rate of high school student can be lowered, by mediating self-control. Finally, this study suggests that the implicit points on counseling methods to remedy self-control of high school students, and shortcomings and limits of this study and advice for follow-up studies all be discussed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.417-430
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• 2016

This study had two aims. First, the study intended to identify the influences of product benefits and product identification on consumers' purchase intention, Second, it wanted to assess the moderating effects of consumers' aesthetic seeking tendency on their decision-making process. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm and the product personality-brand identification-purchase intention model, this study proposed a research model, the benefits-product identification-purchase intention model. To test the model, a survey was conducted of female college students; a total of 298 questionnaires were analyzed. The stimulus used was a popular model of Nike running footwear: the Luna Eclipse+2. Factor analysis and structural equation analysis were conducted to analyze the research model. The results indicate : (1) The aesthetic benefit influenced product identification positively. The aesthetic benefit, functional benefit and product identification were all positively related to purchase intention. (2) The aesthetic seeking tendency mediated the influences of product benefits on consumers' purchase intention in the decision-making process. For consumers in the 'high' level group of aesthetic seeking tendency, aesthetic benefit and social benefit affected purchase intention and for consumers in the 'low' level group of aesthetic seeking tendency, the functional benefit only affected purchase intention. Based on this study, we find evidence that product benefits and aesthetic seeking tendency play important roles in consumers' decision-making process in product purchase.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.38-44
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• 2013

This study has the purpose to identify the correlation of engineering education major college students' technological problem solving tendency between technological problem solving capability. To that end, the technological problem solving tendencies of 79 students enrolled in engineering education related department in college of education, 'C' University located in Daejeon metropolitan city were examined, and the correlation of technological problem solving tendency between technological problem solving capability was analyzed through measurement of technological problem solving capability. As for the correlation among problem solving confidence a sub-element of technological problem solving tendency and technological problem solving capability, positive correlation was found in result 3, result 4 and result average. As for the correlation among approach-avoidance tendency a sub-element of technological problem solving tendency and technological problem solving capability, positive correlation was found in result 5 and result average. As for the correlation among self-control recognition degree the sub-element of technological problem solving tendency and technological problem solving capability, positive correlation was found in result 1, result 3 and result average. As for the correlation among problem solving tendency and technological problem solving capability, positive correlation was found in result 3, result 4, result 5 and result average.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.97-108
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• 2012

Objectives : To demonstrate the importance of syndrome differentiation in clinical research of herb medication, through the comparative study on efficacy and safety of herb medication according to cold-heat tendency of OA knee patients. Methods : During December 2010 to July 2011, 138 knee OA patients were randomly assigned to WIN-34B 600mg(300mg, b.i.d.), 1,200mg(600mg, b.i.d.) and placebo b.i.d. for 8 weeks. Patient were re-classified into cold-heat tendency group according to cold-heat questionnaires. To investigate efficacy and safety, we assessed the 100mm pain VAS at baseline and 8 weeks later, and we monitored adverse event of patients during treatment period. Results : 1. Efficacy study : In WIN-34B 1,200mg group, VAS mean changes of heat tendency group showed slightly increase than those of cold tendency, but no significant difference within two groups. In heat tendency group, WIN-34B 1,200mg group showed a significant decrease of VAS compared to placebo group. but there were no significant difference in cold tendency group. 2. Safety study; In WIN-34B 600mg group, incidence of adverse events of cold tendency group was higher than those of heat tendency, but not in WIN-34B 1,200mg group. Conclusions : This study suggests that WIN-34B tend to have more efficacy in heat tendency-knee OA patients and WIN-34B is safe drug relatively, regardless of cold-heat tendency. In further clinical research on efficacy and safety of WIN-34B, stratification using syndrome differentiation is required.