• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Purpose: Recently, many countries around the world are actively looking for the ways to make full use of natural energy sources and also develop and apply an environmentally friendly system designed to save building energy consumption. Under these circumstances, this study intended to determine the applicability and energy saving effect by deriving the indoor thermal performance characteristics and the PCM temperature appropriate for a double skin façade to reduce indoor energy consumption through the application of different PCM temperatures to double skin façade and perform a performance evaluation depending on the application or non-application of PCM to a double skin façade. Method: For this study, the physical variables of the double skin façade with PCM were configured through a preliminary examination based on an experimental measurement, and experimental measurements were taken with a total of 7 types of mockup cases: Type-1 (Basic), the basic double skin façade, Type-2 (PCM $18^{\circ}C$) which was applied to the inner skin of the double skin façade depending on the phase-change temperature of PCM, Type-3 (PCM $20^{\circ}C$), Type-4 (PCM $22^{\circ}C$), Type-5 (PCM $24^{\circ}C$), Type-6 (PCM $26^{\circ}C$), and Type-7 (PCM $28^{\circ}C$) with reference to the data analysis of the basic double skin façade which preceded this study, to analyze the indoor thermal performance of the double skin façade depending on PCM temperature and the installation or non-installation of a double skin façade applying PCM based on the selected unit space. Result: Indoor thermal performance was analyzed depending on the PCM temperature applicable to double skin façade, and the analysis of heating energy reduction showed that Type-2 (PCM $18^{\circ}C$) gained 15.9% more heat compared with Type-1 (Basic) and secondly, Type-3 (PCM $20^{\circ}C$) gained 11.5% more heat. Based on these findings, it is deemed possible that the use of energy for heating can be reduced when heat coming indoors increases during the heating period, and the appropriate temperature for PCM applied to the inner skin of a double skin façade to reduce heating energy in winter, Type-2 (PCM $18^{\circ}C$) showed the highest efficiency and Type-3 (PCM $20^{\circ}C$) was also deemed appropriate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.35-46
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• 2017

This study analyzed the role of innovation intermediaries on the performance of technology-based firms in Korea. Technology-based firms are important to the economy because they contribute to regional economic development and national competitiveness. In Korea, various types of intermediaries, such as Techno-parks and incubators have been established to foster technology-based firms. Researchers analyzed various factors influencing the performance of technology-based firms. On the other hand, there have been few studies on the relationship between the innovation intermediaries and the performance of technology-based firms in Korea. This study identified the firms' capabilities, institutional and environmental factors in the light of the literature. A total of 2,313 technology-based firms in Techno-parks, business incubator of public institutes and universities were surveyed. Of these, 110 respondents were used for empirical analysis. OLS techniques were applied to analyze the data. The empirical results showed that the marketing competence, R&D capacity, which is a firms' innovation capacity, have a positive effect on the performance. The support of intermediaries positively affects the performance of technology-based firms. The economic aspects of regional innovation infrastructure, and cooperation with the customer has a positive effect on the performance of technology-based firms.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-119
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• 2011

This paper, as an initiative to fertilize analyses on women's technoscientific practices, reviews theoretical discussions and empirical studies in-between feminism and STS, mainly owing its thinking technologies to Karen Barad's Agential Realism. The first part of this paper shows that women's technoscientific practices as research sites are not only fertile grounds between STS and feminism but also conflict areas between constructivist theories and feminist politics. The second part proposes Agential Realism as an way of thinking to deal with 'conflicts' between STS and feminism in analytical levels. Agential Realism provides useful conceptual tools for 'techno-scientific ways of thinking' through the reconceptualization of agency, the displacement of agency by accountability, and the configuration of STS analysis as 'apparatus.' The third part finds three examples of 'techno-scientific ways of thinking' on women's technscientific practices from previous feminist STS works, which suggests how to analyze not only women's technoscientific practices but also diverse practices of science, technology, and medicine as follows: follow 'the invisible', account for 'ontological choreography', and 'care' for what is analyzed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the application of electric stimulation to the auricle acupoint (frequency 2 Hz, stimulation level: noxious) with 30 elderly people over 65 years that received treatment in a rural hospital to determine the influence of pain, gait and balance in the aged with knee joint disease. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups; the degenerative joint diseases (DJD) group (1 male, 9 females), the total knee replacement (TKR) group (1 male, 9 females) and the control group (1 male, 9 females). Auricualr electrical stimulation (AES) was applied with low frequency, high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 10 seconds per each point. Results: 1. For the change of pain according to AES, there was interaction in the resting period (p<0.001) and gait (p<0.001) and pain of the DJD group and TKR group was decreased. 2. The range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint showed a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and the ROM for the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. 3. In the analysis of gait speed changes, there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and for gait speed in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people. 4. It was found in the change of static balance that there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.01) and balance capacity in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. Conclusion: The aged with knee joint disease have pain, and a decreased function of gait and balance. AES was an excellent treatment for control of pain, and an excellent treatment to enhanced joint functions. AES was useful for improving gait and balance due to decreased pain.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.21-25
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• 2012

Objective : This study was performed to estimate the effects of OMC-2010 extract on cytokine production in mouse spleen cells. Methods : Mouse spleen cells were pre-treated with ethanol and water extract of OMC-2010 for 1 h, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 48 h. Then the cells were harvested for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokines. Results : OMC-2010 ethanol extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. OMC-2010 water extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced TNF-alpha, and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. Conclusions : Theses results could suggest that both ethanol and water OMC-2010 extract could inhibit the TNF-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expression.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a high frequency watermelon regeneration system using three breeding lines ('B02', 'B05' and 'D04') of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) which are differed in their fruits in shape, color of pericarp and flesh. The highest frequency of explants with callus was observed by using explants that consist of cotyledon proximal part end in all breeding lines, and the highest rate of callus induction was obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'B02' (94%), 3.0 mg/L BAP for 'B05' (95%), 3.0 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L IAA for 'D04' (90%). The highest shoot regeneration rates from derived callus were obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'B05' (94%), and then a 'B02' (81%) with a same culture conditions, and the lowest regeneration was obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP for 'D04' (56%). Regenerated plants showed the best rates of root formation on MS containing 0.1 mg/L IBA for 'B02' (67%), 0.1 mg/L NAA for 'B05' (87%), 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'D04' (88%). The regenerated plants showed a 100% survival rate in soil condition. The tissue culture and regeneration conditions obtained from this study will be useful for regenerating plants in breeding applications, and will be a useful tool for further genetic transformation studies on watermelons.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.6 no.5_6
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• pp.481-504
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• 2010

Wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) have been proposed by a number of researchers to evaluate the current condition of civil infrastructure, offering improved understanding of dynamic response through dense instrumentation. As focus moves from laboratory testing to full-scale implementation, the need for multi-hop communication to address issues associated with the large size of civil infrastructure and their limited radio power has become apparent. Multi-hop communication protocols allow sensors to cooperate to reliably deliver data between nodes outside of direct communication range. However, application specific requirements, such as high sampling rates, vast amounts of data to be collected, precise internodal synchronization, and reliable communication, are quite challenging to achieve with generic multi-hop communication protocols. This paper proposes two complementary reliable multi-hop communication solutions for monitoring of civil infrastructure. In the first approach, termed herein General Purpose Multi-hop (GPMH), the wide variety of communication patterns involved in structural health monitoring, particularly in decentralized implementations, are acknowledged to develop a flexible and adaptable any-to-any communication protocol. In the second approach, termed herein Single-Sink Multi-hop (SSMH), an efficient many-to-one protocol utilizing all available RF channels is designed to minimize the time required to collect the large amounts of data generated by dense arrays of sensor nodes. Both protocols adopt the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, which provides any-to-any routing and multi-cast capability, and supports a broad range of communication patterns. The proposed implementations refine the routing metric by considering the stability of links, exclude functionality unnecessary in mostly-static WSSNs, and integrate a reliable communication layer with the AODV protocol. These customizations have resulted in robust realizations of multi-hop reliable communication that meet the demands of structural health monitoring.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.148-158
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• 2022

The electrochemical CO₂ reduction (ECR) to produce value-added fuels and chemicals using clean energy sources (like solar and wind) is a promising technology to neutralize the carbon cycle and reproduce the fuels. Presently, the ECR has been the most attractive route to produce carbon-building blocks that have growing global production and high market demand. The electrochemical CO₂ reduction could be extensively implemented if it produces valuable products at those costs which are financially competitive with the present market prices. Herein, the electrochemical conversion of CO₂ obtained from flue gases of a power plant to produce diesel and formic acid using a consistent techno-economic approach is presented. The first scenario analyzed the production of diesel fuel which was formed through Fischer-Tropsch processing of CO (obtained through electroreduction of CO₂) and hydrogen, while in the second scenario, direct electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formic acid was considered. As per the base case assumptions extracted from the previous outstanding research studies, both processes weren't competitive with the existing fuel prices, indicating that high electrochemical (EC) cell capital cost was the main limiting component. The diesel fuel production was predicted as the best route for the cost-effective production of fuels under conceivable optimistic case assumptions, and the formic acid was found to be costly in terms of stored energy contents and has a facile production mechanism at those costs which are financially competitive with its bulk market price. In both processes, the liquid product cost was greatly affected by the parameters affecting the EC cell capital expenses, such as cost concerning the electrode area, faradaic efficiency, and current density.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 2015

With recent surge of attention to heating and air conditioning energy consumption, the need for evaluating performance of heating and air conditioning energy is also on the rise. This research aims to propose daily-life based evaluation method as an alternative to existing one, as well as to apply the method in real life to prove its validity. The results are as following. 1) I studied temperatures preferred by persons indoors and appropriate level of temperature, and the results show that properties of such persons such as age is directly linked with pleasantness of the room, but the issue lies with the fact that such properties are not considered in existing performance evaluation of heating and air conditioning. 2) Daily life based evaluation proposed herein reflects such properties of persons indoors. It controls heating / air conditioning devices installed in the test bed with the same size as a real life room to get quantitative and visual performances in our daily life as well as simple temperature information. 3) To verify validity of daily life based evaluation, I conducted different evaluation sessions with and without a blind and also based on ages of persons indoors. Results based on properties of persons showed difference of 77.6%, leading to effective analysis of energy consumption pattern by heating / air conditioning devices. This research takes significance in that it comes with a new performance evaluation method based on real life, and I gather that further studies are required to develop more multilateral performance evaluation in order to verify and improve technology for reduction of energy consumption.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.461-470
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• 2015

There has been a significant increase in the amount of research on reducing the lighting power consumption of buildings and also an increasing demand for technological development. Light shelf has been recognized as one of the most efficient solutions to this issue and related researches have been conducted, which have mostly focused on factors related to simple light shelves and are not suitable as an appropriate basis for the design of light shelves. Thus this study aims to establish the proper design basis for light shelves by evaluating the performance of shelves per reflection rate in indoor areas. Power consumption rate and indoor illumination intensity distribution of a testbed built based on actual living conditions were calculated for the performance evaluation, of which the results are as following: 1) Reduction of reflection rate of ceiling and walls caused average illumination intensity in summer, winter and median seasons, and evenness per reflection rate of indoor areas was found to be different in summer, winter and median seasons, making it a necessary consideration for designing light shelves. 2) Calculation of power consumption from lighting control showed that a high reflection rate of indoor areas may be suitable for power consumption reduction, and that reflection rates higher than 80% for ceilings and higher than 75% for walls in terms of the efficiency of researches on the indoor reflection rate and its application would be appropriate. This study is meaningful as the research focuses on light shelves based on considering indoor environmental factors. More studies will be required that consider a variety of factors.