• Title/Summary/Keyword: tangent

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VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF HIGH-ORDER (p, q)-POLY-TANGENT POLYNOMIALS AND THE PHENOMENA OF THEIR ROOTS

  • JUNG YOOG KANG
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.457-469
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    • 2024
  • In this paper, we construct higher-order (p, q)-poly-tangent numbers and polynomials and give several properties, including addition formula and multiplication formula. Finally, we explore the distribution of roots of higher-order (p, q)-poly-tangent polynomials.

SECOND ORDER TANGENT VECTORS IN RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY

  • Kwon, Soon-Hak
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.959-1008
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    • 1999
  • This paper considers foundational issues related to connections in the tangent bundle of a manifold. The approach makes use of second order tangent vectors, i.e., vectors tangent to the tangent bundle. The resulting second order tangent bundle has certain properties, above and beyond those of a typical tangent bundle. In particular, it has a natural secondary vector bundle structure and a canonical involution that interchanges the two structures. The involution provides a nice way to understand the torsion of a connection. The latter parts of the paper deal with the Levi-Civita connection of a Riemannian manifold. The idea is to get at the connection by first finding its.spary. This is a second order vector field that encodes the second order differential equation for geodesics. The paper also develops some machinery involving lifts of vector fields form a manifold to its tangent bundle and uses a variational approach to produce the Riemannian spray.

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