• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1055-1086
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• 2015

The dynamic response of two-dimensional unbounded domain on the rigid bedrock in the time domain is numerically obtained. It is realized by the modified scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) in which the original scaling center is replaced by a scaling line. The formulation bases on expanding dynamic stiffness by using the continued fraction approach. The solution converges rapidly over the whole time range along with the order of the continued fraction increases. In addition, the method is suitable for large scale systems. The numerical method is employed which is a combination of the time domain SBFEM for far field and the finite element method used for near field. By using the continued fraction solution and introducing auxiliary variables, the equation of motion of unbounded domain is built. Applying the spectral shifting technique, the virtual modes of motion equation are eliminated. Standard procedure in structural dynamic is directly applicable for time domain problem. Since the coefficient matrixes of equation are banded and symmetric, the equation can be solved efficiently by using the direct time domain integration method. Numerical examples demonstrate the increased robustness, accuracy and superiority of the proposed method. The suitability of proposed method for time domain simulations of complex systems is also demonstrated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.257-277
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• 2011

In this paper the geometrically nonlinear continuum plate finite element model, hitherto not reported in the literature, is developed using the total Lagrange formulation. With the layerwise displacement field of Reddy, nonlinear Green-Lagrange small strain large displacements relations (in the von Karman sense) and linear elastic orthotropic material properties for each lamina, the 3D elasticity equations are reduced to 2D problem and the nonlinear equilibrium integral form is obtained. By performing the linearization on nonlinear integral form and then the discretization on linearized integral form, tangent stiffness matrix is obtained with less manipulation and in more consistent form, compared to the one obtained using laminated element approach. Symmetric tangent stiffness matrixes, together with internal force vector are then utilized in Newton Raphson's method for the numerical solution of nonlinear incremental finite element equilibrium equations. Despite of its complex layer dependent numerical nature, the present model has no shear locking problems, compared to ESL (Equivalent Single Layer) models, or aspect ratio problems, as the 3D finite element may have when analyzing thin plate behavior. The originally coded MATLAB computer program for the finite element solution is used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model, by calculating nonlinear response of plates with different mechanical properties, which are isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic (cross ply and angle ply), different plate thickness, different boundary conditions and different load direction (unloading/loading). The obtained results are compared with available results from the literature and the linear solutions from the author's previous papers.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.441-455
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• 2022

This study explores the linear and nonlinear solutions of sigmoid functionally graded material (S-FGM) nanoplate with porous effects. A size-dependent numerical solution is established using the strain gradient theory and isogeometric finite element formulation. The nonlinear nonlocal strain gradient is developed based on the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory and the Von-Karman strain assumption. The sigmoid function is utilized to modify the classical functionally graded material to ensure the constituent volume distribution. Two different patterns of porosity distribution are investigated, viz. pattern A and pattern B, in which the porosities are symmetric and asymmetric varied across the plate's thickness, respectively. The nonlinear finite element governing equations are established for bending analysis of S-FGM nanoplates, and the Newton-Raphson iteration technique is derived from the nonlinear responses. The isogeometric finite element method is the most suitable numerical method because it can satisfy a higher-order derivative requirement of the nonlocal strain gradient theory. Several numerical results are presented to investigate the influences of porosity distributions, power indexes, aspect ratios, nonlocal and strain gradient parameters on the porous S-FGM nanoplate's linear and nonlinear bending responses.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 기능경사재료 보 고유벡터의 변화도 산정을 위한 해석 정식화를 섭동법에 기초하여 제시한다. 불확실인수로는 기능경사재료 보의 중앙면에서 보의 축을 따르는 방향으로 공간적 불확실성을 가지는 재료탄성계수를 택하였다. 두께 방향으로의 탄성계수 변화는 원래의 지수함수를 따르는 것으로 가정하였다. 정식화에서는 고유벡터에 대한 선형 Taylor전개를 적용한다. 수치예제로는 보의 중앙면에 대하여 대칭인 탄성계수를 가지는 단순지지 보를 택하였다. 몬테카를로 해석을 함께 수행하여 제안한 정식화가 합리적인 결과를 주는지 확인하였다. 해석을 통하여 몬테카를로 해석과 제안된 방법에 의한 결과가 고유모드의 평균 및 표준편차에서 거의 동일한 결과를 제시함을 볼 수 있었다. 제안된 방법을 통하여 고유모드의 표준편차 형상을 쉽게 산정할 수 있다. 고유모드의 평균중심 변화량은 고유모드의 차수에 관계없이 그 고유모드 대비 한 개가 더 많은 경사 0인 점을 가지게 된다. 또한 평균 고유모드형상으로부터의 변화량은 저차 모드보다 고차모드에서 더 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1195-1208
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• 1997

Bellows is a component in piping systems which absorbs mechanical deformation with flexibility. Its geometry is an axial symmetric shell which consists of two toroidal shells and one annular plate or conical shell. In order to analyze bellows, this study presents the finite element analysis using a conical frustum shell element. A finite element analysis is developed to analyze various bellows. The validity of the developed program is verified by the experimental results for axial and lateral stiffness. The formula for calculating the natural frequency of bellows is made by the simple beam theory. The formula for fatigue life is also derived by experiments. The shape optimal design problem is formulated using multiple objective optimization. The multiple objective functions are transformed to a scalar function by weighting factors. The stiffness, strength and specified stiffness are considered as the multiple objective function. The formulation has inequality constraints imposed on the fatigue limit, the natural frequencies, and the manufacturing conditions. Geometric parameters of bellows are the design variables. The recursive quadratic programming algorithm is selected to solve the problem. The results are compared to existing bellows, and the characteristics of bellows is investigated through optimal design process. The optimized shape of bellows is expected to give quite a good guideline to practical design.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

The Numerical study has been carried out to investigate the effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on the rocket plume flow-field at various altitudes. The theoretical formulation is based on the Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flows along with the infinitely fast chemistry and thermal radiation. The governing equations were solved by a finite volume fully-implicit TVD(Total Variation Diminishing) code which uses Roe's approximate Riemann solver and MUSCL(Monotone Upstream-centered Schemes for Conservation Laws) scheme. LU-SGS (Lower Upper Symmetric Gauss Seidel) method is used for the implicit solution strategy. An equilibrium chemistry module for hydrocarbon mixture with detailed thermo-chemical properties and a thermal radiation module for optically thin media were incorporated with the fluid dynamics code. In this study, kerosene-fueled rocket was assumed operating at O/F ratio of 2.34 with a nozzle expansion ratio of 6.14. Flight conditions considered were Mach number zero at ground level, Mach number 1.16 at altitude 5.06km and Mach number 2.9 at altitude 17.34km. Numerical results gave the understandings on the detailed plume structures at different altitude conditions. The diffusive effect of the thermal radiation on temperature field and the effect of chemical recombination during the expansion process could be also understood. By comparing the results from frozen flow and infinitely fast chemistry assumptions, the excess temperature of the exhaust gas resulting from the chemical recombination seems to be significant and cannot be neglected in the view point of performance, thermal protection and flow physics.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

현재까지 불과 같은 유체를 렌더링하기 위한 많은 모델들이 개발되었다. 특히 메타볼은 단순성과 유동성의 특정으로 인해 눈이나 물과 같은 유체의 곡면을 모델링하기 위한 기법으로 많이 사용되어졌다. 본 논문은 중력장내에서 변형되는 물방울을 모델링하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 이전의 연구에서 물방울은 단순한 메타볼에 의해 표현되었다. 물방울에 중력이 고려되지 않았기 때문에 렌더링 결과는 실제적인 물방울의 형태를 표현할 수 없었다. 우리는 기존의 메타볼에 실세계의 중력과 마찰력을 고려함으로서 평탄한 지면위에 놓여진 물방울의 형태를 생성하는 새로운 방법을 보여준다. 본 연구의 새로운 메타볼 모델은 이전의 메타볼이 가지는 스칼라 공간의 isosurface값을 중력을 고려한 벡터 공간으로 이동하여 얻어진다. 결과로서 광선 추적 기법과 물방울의 그림자 형성을 통해 실제적인 물방울의 형태를 렌더링한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2018

Buckling Restrained Braced (BRB) frames have been widely used as an efficient seismic load resisting system in recent years mostly due to their symmetric and stable hysteretic behavior and significant energy dissipation capacity. In this study, to provide a better understanding of the behavior of BRB frames with various beam-column connections, a numerical study using non-linear finite element (FE) analysis is conducted. All models are implemented in the Abaqus software package following an explicit formulation. Initially, the results of the FE model are verified with experimental data. Then, diverse beam-column connections are modeled for the sake of comparison from the shear capacity, energy dissipation and frame hysteresis behavior points of view until appropriate performance is assessed. The considered connections are divided into three different categories: (1) simple beam-column connections including connection by web angle and connection by seat angle; (2) semi-rigid connection including connection by web and seat angles; and (3) rigid beam-column connections by upper-lower beam plates and beam connections with web and flange splices. Results of the non-linear FE analyses show that these types of beam-column connections have little effect on the maximum story drift and shear capacity of BRB frames. However, the connection type has a significant effect on the amount of energy dissipation and hysteresis behavior of BRB frames. Also, changes in length and thickness of the angles in simple and semi-rigid connections and changes in length and thickness of plates in rigid connections have slight effects (less than 4%) on the overall frame behavior.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1990

본 연구는 표면 양력관 이론을 이용하여 초월 공동이 발생한 2차원 날개의 유동해석을 위한 제반 경계 조건을 검증하고 공동 뒷부분의 모형을 비교 검토한다. 해석해가 존재하는 2차원 대칭 스트럿 주위의 초월 공동 현상을 수치적으로 해석하여 그 결과를 해석해와 비교함으로써 표면 양력판 이론에 의한 프로펠러 공동 문제 해석의 가능성을 입증하였다. 특히, 공동 뒷부분의 비 선형 닫힘 모형, 타원형 닫힘 모형, 그리고 선형 닫힘 조건을 서로 비교 분석함으로써 공동 문제 해결에서 가장 중요한 공동 닫힘 조건의 영향을 보였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.289-304
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• 2023

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of porosity on the buckling behavior of thick functionally graded sandwich plate resting on various boundary conditions under different in-plane loads. The formulation is made for a newly developed sandwich plate using a functional gradient material based on a modified power law function of symmetric and asymmetric configuration. Four different porosity distribution are considered and varied in accordance with material propriety variation in the thickness direction of the face sheets of sandwich plate, metal foam also is considered in this study on the second model of sandwich which containing metal foam core and FGM face sheets. New quasi-3D high shear deformation theory is used here for this investigate; the present kinematic model introduces only six variables with stretching effect by adopting a new indeterminate integral variable in the displacement field. The stability equations are obtained by Hamilton's principle then solved by generalized solution. The effect of Pasternak and Winkler elastic foundations also including here. the present model validated with those found in the open literature, then the impact of different parameters: porosities index, foam cells distribution, boundary conditions, elastic foundation, power law index, ratio aspect, side-to-thickness ratio and different in-plane axial loads on the variation of the buckling behavior are demonstrated.