• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.537-547
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• 2017

This study attempted to determine differences between the perceived empowerment level and job satisfaction depending on hairdressers' demographic characteristics and analyze the effects of their empowerment on job satisfaction. For this, a total of 310 hairdressers in Gwangju-Jeonnam and Seoul-Gyeonggi-do were chosen through convenience sampling, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted. The valid 277 copies were used for final analysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 15.0. The study results found the following: First, in terms of the subordinate factors of empowerment, the following four factors were found: meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact. Second, depending on demographic characteristics (e.g., age, career, type of beauty salon, job title, punch-in time, monthly pay), a statistically significant difference was found between empowerment and job satisfaction (p<.01). Third, hairdressers' perceived empowerment level had a positive impact on job satisfaction (p<.01). In terms of the empowerment on job satisfaction by sub-factor, 'self-determination' was largest, followed by 'meaningfulness' and 'competence.' Therefore, beauty salon owners need to manage their business more efficiently by converging cosmetology and business management by expanding empowerment among hairdressers properly after recognizing the importance of hairdresser empowerment.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.215-226
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• 2000

In order to map the acoustic basement and to locate fracture zones in the Galgok fault, seismic refraction data were acquired near the Chonbuk ranch in Gyeongju. Along three profiles of 72m(Line 1), 72m(Line 2), and 36m(Line 3) long, seismic signals were generated by a 5kg hammer. The refraction data were collected by employing twelve 8 Hz geophones at an interval of 3m and recording time of 192ms at a sampling rate of 0.2ms. The data are interpreted using GRM method. The top layer (Layer 1) is characterized as the velocity of approximately250 m/s and thickness of approximately 2.1m. This layer is regarded as a soil layer. Underneath Layer 1 lies unconsolidated layer (Layer 2) whose refraction velocity is determined to be $1,030{\sim}1,400m/s$. Layer 2 is approximately 4.6m thick and is regarded as a Quaternary gravel layer. The third layer (Layer 3) has the mean refraction velocity of $2,100{\sim}2,200m/s$ and is interpreted to be the acoustic basement. In some parts of Lines 1 and 3, the difference in depth to the top of Layer 2 is greater than 20 cm indicating the possibility of existence of Quaternary faults. Along Line 3 and the eastern part of Line 1, refracted energy from the acoustic basement was not recorded. This may highly indicate that a relatively large scale fault exists under the western part of Line 1.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2002

This study was made on the concerns and implementation of the ICT(Inormation and Communication Technology)-utilized lesson by home economics teacher. The objective of this study is to investigate the stages of concern and the level of use of the ICT-utilized lesson by home economics teachers in Kyunggi Province through the concerns based adoption model(CBAM) and to provide assistance for ICT-utilizing lesson to be efficiently adopted to home economics. This study made selected 200 schools by random sampling among 233 middle schools which have two or more home economic teachers and 21 or more classes in Kyunggi Province which has a total of 395 middle schools and mail-surveyed on 400 home economics teachers by means of questionnaire. The stages of concern. the levels of use and the types of implementation were used as instruments in this survey. The results of this study on the stages of concern. the levels of use and the type of implementation of the ICT-utilized lesson by home economics teachers in Kyunggi Province were as following: First. the highest point of the concern of home economics teachers of ICT-utilized lesson was the stage of awareness. the second highest point was the stage of management. the 3rd stage. and the stage of information. the lst stage. Second. the highest level of implementation of ICT-utilized lesson by home economics teachers was the level of mechanical use. the 3rd stage(30.4％), which followed by the level of orientation. the 1st stage(22.5％). and the level of nonuse(16.7％). the level of rountine use. the 4th stage(13.7％) the level of integration. the 5th stage(11.8％). the level of preparation 2(3.9％). and the level of renewal. the 6th stage(1.0％) Third, information search was the most in the type of ICT-use and in the course of lesson CD-ROM was used the most.. During ICT-utilized lesson. most of teachers used computer one to two hours a week mainly in the lessons of clothing life and eating life. Home economics teachers took the most training of how to use word-processor(68.6％) during computer education. and 60 teachers(66.0％) gave positive response about the effect of computer education on teacher's learning. Finally. the biggest problem with ICT-use in the teacher's learning was the long preparation time for lesson. and problem with ICT-utilized lesson was the burden of time and effort spent to buy needed materials and to recompose the existing materials for the lesson. Therefore. so as to adopt ICT-utilized lesson efficiently into school it is needed that active promotion for the lesson should be made to teachers. training teachers to raise their ability to use computer and various kinds of software should be expanded. and school authorities' financial and administrative assistance should be given for the smooth proceeding of the lesson.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.85-96
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess input for health promoting schools (HPS), and to evaluate HPS based on WHO's guidelines through school characteristics, and to identify the schools' need among six areas of HPS. Methods: A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample. A total of 59 elementary, middle and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were included, and 333 teachers (males 40.6%, females 59.4%) participated in this survey. A self-reported questionnaire consisted of ten items for input for HPS, 50 items for the evaluation of HPS and three items for the schools' needs among six areas of HPS. Data was analyzed through a t-test, ANOVA, and a Duncan test. Results: The mean score of input for HPS was 48.5 ($\pm$15.3). Elementary schools had higher mean scores of input than middle schools. The mean score of schools with a management committee was higher than those schools without it. The schools which had meetings on health issues had higher mean scores. The mean score for HPS was 76.8 ($\pm$9.4): the area of "School Physical Environment" had the highest score (80.0$\pm$10.9), and the area of "Community Relationships" had the lowest score (67.1$\pm$13.9). Elementary schools had higher mean scores of HPS than middle and high schools. The schools which had less than nine classes and more than 31 classes had higher mean scores. The mean scores of schools with less than 340 students and more than 1201 students had higher. The schools which had meetings on health issues had higher mean scores. The same results were found on six areas of HPS. The teachers responded that the areas of "School Health Policy", "The School Physical Environment", and "Health Service" should be supported among the six areas of HPS. Conclusion: Based on these results, more concerns and support for school health are necessary. Middle schools should give more regard on the development of HPS. For comprehensive school health promotion, all six areas of HPS should be equally supported.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship of empowerment and organization attachment with the organization culture of security organization. This study is based by setting the security organization employed in security firms in the capital area(Seoul) in 2012 as the parent population and using the purposive sampling method to analyze a total amount of 280 examples. The frequency analysis, analysis on primary factors, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis methods using SPSSWIN 18.0 were used in analysis. The reliability of the survey showed a Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value of over 0.690. The results are like the following. First, the organization culture of security organization affect empowerment. Thus, the more a practical development culture is settled, the more the capability of self-determinism, meaningfulness, and effect is amplified. Moreover, the more a consensual culture is established, the more the capability of self-determinism is enhanced, and the more a hierarchical culture is established, the more the meaningfulness is enhanced. Second, the organization culture of security organization affect organization attachment. Thus, the continuous normative attachment is enhanced when a more hierarchical culture is established. Moreover, emotional attachment is enhanced when a more practical development culture is established. Third, the empowerment of security organization affects organization attachment. Thus, the continuous normative attachment is decreased when one's capability of self-determinism is more lacking. However, the continuous normative attachment is higher when the meaningfulness and effect is enhanced. Moreover, emotional attachment is enhanced when meaningfulness is increased. Fourth, the organization culture of security organization directly/indirectly affects empowerment and organization attachment. Thus, empowerment is an important mediating factor between organization culture and organization attachment.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.249-261
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was carried out in order to examine the relationship of job satisfaction and quality of life on the dental technicians and to analyze its influence. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out by having convenience sampling as 220 dental technicians who work in Seoul Metropolis, Gyeonggi-do Province, Daejeon and Chungnam Province from March 12, 2012 to April 13. A research tool was used questionnaire that was proved reliability and validity. It was prepared with totally 50 questions such as 12 items for subjects' general characteristics, 18 items for job satisfaction measurement, and 20 items for life quality measurement. An analysis of the collected data was computationally processed by using SPSS Win 17.0 program. An analytical technique was made by using statistical techniques such as frequency & percentage, T-test or One-way ANOVA analysis. The following are the analytical results of the collected materials. Results: As a result of analyzing research subjects' job satisfaction level, there was significant difference(P<0.05) in items of religion, hobby life, working environment, and rest time out of daily work. The whole mean in job satisfaction was indicated to be relatively high with 3.13. However, job satisfaction with social recognition, salary, and safety was indicated lowly. As a result of analyzing research subjects' life quality level, there was significant difference(P<0.05) in items of religion, hobby life, working environment, and rest time out of daily work. The whole mean in quality of life was indicated to be relatively high with 3.10. However, the satisfaction was indicated lowly in the whole life quality and the life environment sphere. As a result of analyzing correlation between job satisfaction and life quality, all variables were indicated to be positive correlation in high significance level, thereby having been indicated that the higher job satisfaction leads to the higher life quality. Conclusion: As a result of research, the dental technicians' job satisfaction was indicated to have high correlation with quality of life. An effort is judged to be necessary for establishing fair compensation system, improving welfare policy and enhancing social recognition and position in order to promote dental technicians' quality of life.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.402-410
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the air quality surrounding an indoor swimming pool, to estimate the cancer risk based on the airborne exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), and to examine the ventilation efficiency by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Chlorine and THMs were measured poolside, and in the staff room and reception area. The indoor swimming pool was modeled using the Airpak program, with ventilation drawings and actual survey data. Temperature, flow and mean age of the air were analyzed. Levels of chlorine poolside, and in the staff room, and reception area were $203\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $5\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $10\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Chloroform was the dominant THM in all sampling sites and mean concentrations were $16.30\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.51\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $0.06\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, in the staff room and reception area, respectively. Bromodichloromethane and Dibromochloromethane levels were respectively estimated as $10.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, $1.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $0.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the staff room, and were not detected in the reception area. The cancer risks from inhalation exposure to THMs were estimated between $3.37{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.84{\times}10^{-5}$. A short circulation phenomenon was observed from the supply air vents to the exhaust air vents located in the ceiling. A high temperature layer was formed within one meter of the ceiling, and a low temperature layer was formed under this layer due to the low velocity and high temperature of the supply air, and the improper locations of the supply air vents and exhaust air vents. The stagnation was evident at the above adult pool and the mean age of the air was 22 minutes. Disinfection by-products in the indoor swimming pool were present in higher concentrations than in the outdoor air. In order to increase the removal of pollutants, adjustment was required of the supply air volume and the supply/exhaust position.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.664-675
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to explore the nurses' perception of flexible working and present an operational guideline for implementation. The data were collected from a survey of 532 nurses conducted from 10 February to 24 February, 2015, using simple random sampling. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data. This study found that the demanding for shorter hour shifts was highest ($M=3.89{\pm}0.87$) and 242 participants (46.2%) intended to apply the shift, followed by a fixed night shift, fixed weekend shift, and 12 hour shift. The common reasons identified were the poor environment of shift work and the challenges of child care. The increased time for personal development, relaxation activity to improve the quality of life and child care was highlighted and work-life balance was noted as a positive impact of flexible working. The negative impacts of flexible working were being likely to become temporary workers. These results can help establish uniform working conditions of nurses in the future by providing a standardized operational guideline as a precondition for reasonable compensation and working environment according to a flexible working pattern.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2013

Fish field survey, especially fish distribution and their ecological characteristics, was performed in the downstream region of Gyeongan stream during the period of before (June) and after (October) the summer monsoon in 2010. Depending on the characteristics of each site, fyke net or casting net was used for fish sampling. Feeding classification was determined by the analysis of stomach contents. Total number of family and species sampled were 5 and 17, respectively. The dominant family was Cyprinidae (12 species), and relative abundance (RA) of the most dominant species, Lepomis macrochirus and Zacco platypus, was 38% and 24%, respectively. Exotic species and Korean endemic species observed were 3 (423 individuals, RA 44%) and 4 (98 individuals, RA 10%), respectively. Tolerance guild analysis as characteristics of ecological indicators revealed an undoubtedly high percentage (97%), compared to others as reflected by the identification of just one sensitive species. Analysis of trophic guilds showed that L. macrochirus dominated among insectivores (44% RA). The food of L. macrochirus composed of, aquatic insects, benthic invertebrates, zooplankton, Chironomidae, and waterweed. Thus, we determined that L. macrochirus could be classified as insectivores (partially carnivores) in this study. Conversely, Z. platypus consumed Cladocera exclusively, greater than 90% of their feed. We presume that stable isotope analysis would identify the exact position of these species in the food web.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3139-3147
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the condition surrounding attempted suicide and related factors among middle and high school students in Korea. Methods : Data from 72,435 participants of 2013 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Based Survey were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted on weighted data using SPSS 21 software to account for the complex sampling designs. Results : Complex samples logistic regression analysis, school level, socioeconomic status, drinking alcohol, drug use, experience of school bullying were associated with an increased proportion of attempted suicide for boys and girls. Particularly, male students was associated with living type. Conclusion : The results of this study highlight the important of developing a program that focuses on enhancing suicidal prevention & respect life program with life skills program, to effectively reduce the likelihood of attempted suicide among adolescents in Korea.