• International Journal of Safety
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.6-11
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• 2005

The goals of the paper are to understand the impact damage behavior and identify the effect of surface protective materials on impact resistance in filament wound composite pressure vessels. For these, a series of low velocity impact tests was performed on specimens cutting from the full scale pressure vessel by the instrumented impact testing machine. The specimens are classified into two types, which are with and without surface protective material. The visualization for impact damage by two different impactors is made by metallurgical microscope. Based on the impact force history and damage, the impact resistance parameters were employed,rod its validity in identifying the damage resistance of filament wound composite pressure vessel was reviewed. As the results, the impact resistance of the filament wound composites and its dependency on the surface protective material were evaluated quantitatively

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.434-437
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• 2005

Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) has become an essential step in the overall semiconductor wafer fabrication technology. In general, CMP is a surface planarization method in which a silicon wafer is rotated against a polishing pad in the presence of slurry under pressure. The polishing pad, generally a polyurethane-based material, consists of polymeric foam cell walls, which aid in removal of the reaction products at the wafer interface. It has been found that the material removal rate of any polishing pad decreases due to the so-called 'pad glazing' after several wafer lots have been processed. Therefore, the pad restoration and conditioning has become essential in CMP processes to keep the urethane polishing pad at the proper friction coefficient and to allow effective slurry transport to the wafer surface. Diamond pad conditioner employs a single layer of brazed bonded diamond crystals. Due to the corrosive nature of the polishing slurry required in low pH metal CMP such as copper, it is essential to minimize the possibility of chemical interaction between very low pH slurry (pH <2) and the bond alloy. In this paper, we report an exceptional protective coated conditioner for in-situ pad conditioning in low pH Cu CMP process. The protective Cr-coated conditioner has been tested in slurry with pH levels as low as 1.5 without bond degradation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

Tricrecyl phosphate(TCP)-containing polyurea microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization using aromatic 2,4-toluene diisocyanate(TDI) and ethylenediamine(EDA) as wall forming materials. The effects of the protective colloids of polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and gelatin were investigated through experimentation. The mean size of prepared polyurea microcapsules was smaller and the surface morphology of the microcapsule prepared by the PVA as protective colloid was much smoother than the gelatin. As the concentration of protective colloid increased, the wall membrane of the polyurea microcapsules became more stable, the thermal stability of the wall membrane increased, the mean particle size became smaller, and the particle distribution was more uniform. PET containg microTCPs have a higher activation energy of decomposition, higher char content and lower heat of combustion.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

Cypermethrin-containing polyurea microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization using aromatic 2,4-toluene diisocyanate(TDI) and Ethylene diamine(EDA) as wall forming materials. The effects of the protective colloids of polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and gelatin were investigated through experimentation. The mean size of the polyurea microcapsules was smaller and the surface morphology of the PVA was much smoother than gelatin. In addition the release behavior was much more controlled and better sustained. As the concentration of protective colloid increased, the wall membrane of the polyurea microcapsules became more stable, the thermal stability of the wall membrane increased, the mean particle size became smaller, and the particle distribution was more uniform. The release behavior of the core material changed according to the concentration. As the gelatin concentration was increased, a more controlled and sustained release behavior was observed. However, in the case of PVA, the increase of PVA concentration lead to a more rapid release rate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.760-765
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• 2009

The effects of $Fe_2O_3$ addition on optical and electrical properties of MgO films as a protective layer for AC plasma display panels were investigated. Doped MgO films prepared by the e-beam evaporation have a higher ${\gamma}$ (secondary electron emission coefficient) than pure MgO protective layer. Roughness increased with amount of $Fe_2O_3$ up to 100 ppm and then decreased further addition. These results showed that discharge properties and optical properties of MgO protective layers seemed to be closely related with microstructure factors such as roughness. Good optical and electrical properties of ${\gamma}$ of 0.120, surface roughness of 14.1 nm and optical transmittance of 94.55% were obtained for the MgO + 100 ppm $Fe_2O_3$ protective layer sintered at $1700^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.620-625
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• 2007

The effects of $Gd_2O_3$ addition and sintering condition on optical and electrical properties of MgO films as a protective layer for AC plasma display panels were investigated. Doped MgO films prepared by the e-beam evaporation have a higher ${\Upsilon}$ (secondary electron emission coefficient) than pure MgO protective layer. Relative density and grain size increased with amount of $Gd_2O_3$ up to 100 ppm and then decreased further addition. These results showed that discharge properties and optical properties of MgO protective layers seemed to be closely related with microstructure factors such as relative density and grain size. Good optical and electrical properties of ${\Upsilon}$ of 0.138, surface roughness of 5.77 nm and optical transmittance of 95.76 % were obtained for the MgO+100 ppm $Gd_2O_3$ protective layer sintered at $1700^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.14-19
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• 2005

One area in which composites have been used rather extensively is for fabricating pressure vessel. These structures can be readily manufactured by filament winding, which is, as far as composite fabrication techniques are concerned, a relatively inexpensive method for producing composite structures. Unfortunately, the higher strength material and fabrication costs are not the only disadvantages of fiber-reinforced polymer composites when they are compared to metals. Additionally, these materials tend to exhibit brittle behavior. This is of particular concern when they are subjected to a low-velocity impact during routine handling a significant amount of structural damage can be introduced into the composites. The goals of this paper are to understand the impact damage behavior and identify the effect of surface coating materials on impact resistance in filament wound composite pressure vessels. For these, a series of low velocity impact tests was performed on specimens cutting from the full scale pressure vessel by the instrumented impact testing machine. The specimens are classified into two types with and without surface protective material. The visualization for impact damage is made by metallurgical microscope. Based on the impact force history and damage, the resistance parameters were employed and its validity in identifying the damage resistance of pressure vessel was reviewed. As the results, the impact resistance of the filament wound composites and its dependency on the protective material were evaluated quantitatively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

Pursuing the fabric materials for military chemical warfare protective clothing with the improved detoxification properties, this study investigated the simple and effective cotton treatment method using pad-dry-cure process and 3-aminopropyltrimethox ysilane(APTMS) solution for surface amination. Detoxification properties of the untreated and treated cotton fabrics were evaluated via decontamination of chemical warfare agent simulant, DFP(diisopropylfluorophosphate). The surface aminated cotton fabric increased the rate of the hydrolysis of DFP by the factor of 3 and the decontamination ratio reached 88.2% after 24h. Therefore, the surface amination of the cotton fabric with APTMS can be an effective pathway to prepare the material for protective clothing against chemical warfare agents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2005

The changes in secondary electron emission coefficient(${\gamma}$) and work function($\Phi$$_{\omega}$) have been studied on the surface of MgO protective layer aster plasma(Ar. $O_2$) treatment using ${\gamma}$-focused ion beam (${\gamma}$-FIB) system. The values of ${\gamma}$ varied as follows: $O_2$-treated MgO > Ar-treated MgO > Non-treated MgO, and the work functions varied in the reverse order. The result indicates that both the physical etching and the chemical reaction of $O_2$-plasma removed the contaminating materials from the surface of MgO.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.122-125
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• 2018

The focused ion beam (FIB) method is widely used to prepare specimens for observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which offers a wide variety of imaging and analytical techniques. TEM has played a significant role in material investigation. However, the FIB method induces amorphization due to bombardment with the high-energy gallium ($Ga^+$) ion beam. To solve this problem, electron beam induced deposition (EBID) is used to form a protective layer to prevent damage to the specimen surface. In this study, we introduce an optimized TEM specimen preparation procedure by comparing the EBID of carbon and tungsten as protective layers in FIB. The selection of appropriate EBID conditions for preparing specimens for TEM analysis is described in detail.