• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2016

In this paper, the electrical and resistance heating properties of carbon fiber heating elements with different electroless Ni-P plating times for car seat were studied. The specific resistance and specific heat of the carbon fibers were determined using 4-point probe method and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The surface morphology and temperature of carbon fibers were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermo-graphic camera, respectively. From experimental results, the nickel layer thickness and surface temperature of carbon fibers increased with increasing the plating time. However, the specific heat and specific resistance decreased with respect to the increased plating time. In conclusion, the electroless Ni-P plating could improve the resistance heating and electrical properties of carbon fiber heating elements for car seat.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2021

In this study, the well-known non-destructive acoustic emission (AE) and electrical resistivity methods were employed to predict quantitative damage in the silo structure of the Wolsong Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center (WLDC), Gyeongju, South Korea. Brazilian tensile test was conducted with a fully saturated specimen with a composition identical to that of the WLDC silo concrete. Bi-axial strain gauges, AE sensors, and electrodes were attached to the surface of the specimen to monitor changes. Both the AE hit and electrical resistance values helped in the anticipation of imminent specimen failure, which was further confirmed using a strain gauge. The quantitative damage (or damage variable) was defined according to the AE hits and electrical resistance and analyzed with stress ratio variations. Approximately 75% of the damage occurred when the stress ratio exceeded 0.5. Quantitative damage from AE hits and electrical resistance showed a good correlation (R = 0.988, RMSE = 0.044). This implies that AE and electrical resistivity can be complementarily used for damage assessment of the structure. In future, damage to dry and heated specimens will be examined using AE hits and electrical resistance, and the results will be compared with those from this study.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.405-411
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• 2015

Carbon composites for flexible fiber heating element were examined to improve the electrical conductivity in this study. Carbon composites using carbon black, denka black, super-c, super-p with/without CNF or dispersant such as BCS03 and Sikament-nn were prepared. Carbon composite slurry was coated on plane film and yarns(cotton, polyester) and the performances of prepared heating materials were investigated by checking electrical surface resistance, adhesion strength. The plane heating element using carbon black under natural drying condition($25^{\circ}C$) had better physical properties such as surface resistance(185.3 Ohm/sq) and adhesion strength(above 90%) than those of other carbon composite heating elements. From these results, polyester heating element coated by carbon black showed better electrical line resistance(33.2 kOhm/cm) than cotton heating element. Then, it was found that polyester heating element coated by carbon black with CNF(3 wt%) and BCS03(1 wt%) appeared best properties(0.604 kOhm/cm).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.1109-1111
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• 2004

This paper deals with the calculation of contact resistance depending on the applied force by modeling surface roughness. The true contact surface area is made up of many asperities of varying heights which is close to Gaussian distribution. The mean square deviation and the mean value of the Gaussian distributed asperity heights were determined in this paper. The elastic deformation of the surface asperities according to the increasing of applied force were considered. The contact resistance was also calculated by using the Greenwood analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.494-498
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• 2022

In this study, SiO₂ 20 phr, ATH 70 phr, and platinum flame retardant were mixed with raw silicone rubber and -10 kV was applied to measure electrostatic charge attenuation voltage, surface resistance, and volume resistance, and the following conclusions were obtained. When the platinum flame retardant was 0 phr, the humidity 74.6% and the temperature was 21.8℃, the potential was half-reduced to 0.63 kV, 0.57 kV, and 0.44 kV when the applied voltage was changed from -10 kV to -8 kV, and the time halved to 50% was increased to 2.40 seconds, 2.47 seconds, and 2.61 seconds. It was confirmed that as the platinum flame retardant increased from 0.1 to 0.3 phr, the potential half-reduced to 0.67 kV, 0.60 kV, and 0.595 kV decreased, and the charge potential attenuation time half-reduced to 50% decreased to 3.44 seconds, 1.78 seconds, and 1.60 seconds. It was confirmed that the surface resistance increased as the humidity decreased, and the volume resistance decreased as the platinum flame retardant increased.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.436-441
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• 2002

Effect of Sn addition on the stress corrosion cracking(SCC) resistance of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alley was investigated by C-ring teat and electrical conductivity measurement, The electrical conductivity and SCC resistance increased by Sn addition. The alley containing 0,10%Sn showed maximum electrical conductivity and the best SCC resistance. At the same composition, the electrical conductivity and SCC resistance increased from peak aged condition to ever aged condition. The PFZ and coarse precipitates along the grain boundary were observed from TEM micrographs. The fracture mode of the alloy was confirmed as intergranular type and showed brittle fracture surface. The SCC mechanism of the alloy was concluded as the anodic dissolution model, The maximum hardness was increased from 130Hv in the Sn-free alloy to 156Hv in the 0.10%Sn added alloy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.12 s.177
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• pp.124-130
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• 2005

The research on surface modification technology has been advanced to improve the properties of engineering materials. ion implantation is a novel surface modification technology to enhance the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of substrate's surface using accelerated ions. In this research, nitrogen ions were implanted into aluminum substrates which would be used for mold of rubber materials. The composition of nitrogen ion implanted aluminum alloy and nitrogen ion distribution profile were analyzed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). To analyze the modified surface, properties such as hardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, contact angle, and surface roughness were measured. Hardness of ion implanted specimens was higher than that of untreated specimens. Friction coefficient was reduced, and wear resistance was improved. From the experimental results, it can be expected that ion implantation of nitrogen enhances the surface properties of aluminum mold.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2003

The influence of silicon surface damage on nickel-silicide (NiSi) has been characterized and H$_2$ anneal and TiN rapping has been applied to suppress the electrical, morphological deterioration phenomenon incurred by the surface damage. The substrate surface is intentionally damaged using Ar IBE (Ion beam etching) which can Precisely control the etch depth. The sheet resistance of NiSi increased about 18% by the surface damage, which is proven to be mainly due to the reduced silicide thickness. It is shown that simultaneous application of H: anneal and TiN capping layer is highly effective in suppressing the surface damage effect.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.525-531
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• 2007

Ni(75 wt.%)-Cr(20 wt.%)-Al(3 wt.%)-Mn(4 wt.%)-Si(1 wt.%) alloy thin films were prepared using the DC magnetron sputtering process by varying the sputtering conditions such as power, pressure, substrate temperature, and post-deposition annealing temperature in order to fabricate a precision thin film resistor. For all the thin film resistors, sheet resistance, temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), and crystallinity were analyzed and the effects of sputtering conditions on their properties were also investigated. The oxygen content and TCR of Ni-Cr-Al-Mn-Si resistors were decreased by increasing the sputtering pressure. Their sheet resistance, TCR, and crystallinity were enhanced by elevating the substrate temperature. In addition, the annealing of the resistor thin films in air at a temperature higher than $300^{\circ}C$ lead to a remarkable rise in their sheet resistance and TCR. This may be attributed to the improved formation of NiO layer on the surface of the resistor thin film at an elevated temperature.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.12
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• pp.1694-1699
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• 2013

Frequency accelerated partial discharge resistance (PDR) aging of epoxy/layered silicate nanocomposite with 1.5wt % additions of layered silicate was investigated in comparison with that of epoxy without layered silicate in terms of PD(partial discharge) erosion depth. It was found that the change in the erosion depth is far smaller in specimens with layered silicate than those without layered silicate nano particles. Frequency acceleration can be done from 60Hz to 1000Hz. But the depth of erosion is less proportional to frequency. Acceleration factor is almost 2 times between 500Hz and 1000Hz, but it is much less than about 8.3 times between 60Hz and 500Hz. This superior PD resistance is caused by the presence of nanofillers, anano-effect due to closely packed nanofillers, and strong chemical bonds at layered silicate nanofillers /resin interfaces.