• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1996-2004
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• 2007

In this study, the optimization of culture medium using a Sterigmatomyces elviae mutant was investigated using statistical analysis to increase the cell mass and lactosucrose ($^4G-{\beta}$-D-galactosylsucrose) production. In basal medium, the cell mass and lactosucrose production were 4.12 g/l and 140.91 g/l, respectively. However, because of the low cell mass and lactosucrose production, optimization of culture medium was carried out to increase the cell mass and lactosucrose production. Culture media were optimized by the S. elviae mutant using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite designs using RSM were utilized in this investigation. Quadratic models were obtained for cell mass and lactosucrose production. In the case of cell mass, optimal components of the medium were as follows: sucrose 1.13%, yeast extract 0.99%, bactopeptone 2.96%, and ammonium sulfate 0.40%. The predicted maximum value of cell mass was about 5.20 g/l and its experimental value was 5.08 g/l. In the case of lactosucrose production, optimal components of the medium were as follows: sucrose 0.96%, yeast extract 1.2%, bactopeptone 3.0%, and ammonium sulfate 0.48%. Then, the predicted maximum value of lactosucrose production was about 194.12 g/l and the corresponding experimental value was about 183.78 g/l. Therefore, by culturing using predicted conditions, the real cell mass and lactosucrose production increased to 23.3% and 30.42%, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

To characterize the culture medium for the biosurfactant production by Bacillus pumilus IJ-1, the influences of various carbon, nitrogen and mineral sources were assessed. As a result, the highest biosurfactant production was observed after 96 h cultivation containing 0.5% (w/v) tryptone. The strain was able to grow and produce biosurfactant at 0-10% (w/v) NaCl, in the pH range of 5-10, and at $20-45^{\circ}C$. Optimal culture conditions for the biosurfactant production were at $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 9.0 after 72 h incubation and the surface tension of biosurfactant was 27.0 dyne/cm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.450-459
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• 2017

This study evaluated the effects of culture conditions, including carbon and nitrogen sources, L-monosodium glutamate (MSG), and initial pH, on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by Lactobacillus brevis HYE1 isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented food. L. brevis HYE1 was screened by the production analysis of GABA and genetic analysis of the glutamate decarboxylase gene, resulting in 14.64 mM GABA after 48 h of cultivation in MRS medium containing 1% (w/v) MSG. In order to increase GABA production by L. brevis HYE1, the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on GABA production were preliminarily investigated via one-factor-at-a-time optimization strategy. As the results, 2% maltose and 3% tryptone were determined to produce 17.93 mM GABA in modified MRS medium with 1% (w/v) MSG. In addition, the optimal MSG concentration and initial pH were determined to be 1% and 5.0, respectively, resulting in production of 18.97 mM GABA. Thereafter, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimal conditions of the above four factors. The results indicate that pH was the most significant factor for GABA production. The optimal culture conditions for maximum GABA production were also determined to be 2.14% (w/v) maltose, 4.01% (w/v) tryptone, 2.38% (w/v) MSG, and an initial pH of 4.74. In these conditions, GABA production by L. brevis HYE1 was predicted to be 21.44 mM using the RSM model. The experiment was performed under these optimized conditions, resulting in GABA production of 18.76 mM. These results show that the predicted and experimental values of GABA production are in good agreement.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.429-442
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• 1993

The cytotoxic effects of S hyodysenteriae strain B 204 on the mucosal surface were studied in surgically prepared ligated colonic loops in two male convenitonal mixed-breed pigs. In each one of four loops was inoculated with either sterile trypticase soy broth(TSB) of Serpulina, filtrate of Serpulina TSB culture. washed Serpulina cells or whole culture of Serpulina. Mucosal tissues were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy 24 and 48 hours after inoculation(p.i.). The filtrate did not induce any significant effect on the mucosal surface. The washed cells produced early lesions similar to those caused by the whole culture. These observations suggest that cytotoxins of the culture do not play a significant role in invasion of the epithelium in this experimental infection. The possible role of toxins associated with the organism at the site of interaction with the epithelial cells was not elucidated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.548-561
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• 2020

Paecilomyces japonica is widely cultured to produce mycelium for medicinal and health food use. Illumination is an important factor in the growth and production of mycelium in submerged culture. The effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) combinations on the growth and cordycepin content as bioactive substances of mycelium were investigated. The results showed that the mycelium dry weights were lower under dark condition and red LED treatments. Dark condition, fluorescent light, and ultraviolet-A failed to increase the cordycepin content. Blue light was necessary to increase the cordycepin content, and a red-to-blue ratio of 3:7 induced the highest cordycepin content. The cordycepin contents of mycelium in submerged culture were significantly higher in a 12 h/day illumination time under red and blue (red-to-blue ratio of 3:7) LED treatments, showing an increase of up to 38% compared with those under the fluorescent-light control condition. The results demonstrated the roles of light with different wavelengths on the biosynthesis of cordycepin as bioactive substances. The low-heat release and replacement of traditional fluorescent lights with low-energy-consuming LEDs could increase the contents of bioactive substances. After optimization of the cordycepin production using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) to its canonical form, the optimum combination was found to be as follows: illumination time = 17.7 h/day, sugar content in the medium = 9.7 g/50 mL, and incubation time = 61.2 h. The model predicted a maximum response of 3779.2 ㎍/mL cordycepin yield.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 2000

To develop the production of ginseng root using plant tissue culture technology, submerged culture conditions were optimized by means of the fractional factorial design with 4 factors and 3 levels by a RSM computer program. The ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) roots induced by plant growth regulators were cultured on SH medium and the effects of various pH of medium, sucrose concentration, nitrogen concentration and phosphate concentration on fresh weight of the ginseng root were investigated. The fresh weight of ginseng root increased with a decrease in nitrogen concentration and fresh weight of ginseng root varied from 1.00 to 2.33g under various conditions. The optimum pH of medium and sucrose concentration determined by a partial differentiation of the model equation, nitrogen and phosphate concentration were pH 5.6, sucrose 3.8%, nitrogen 50 mg/L and phosphate 80.7 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the predicted growth of ginseng root was estimated to be 2.36g.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.471-476
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• 2006

Pseudomonas aeruginosa F722 produces a biosurfactant (BS) during its degradation of carbon and hydrocarbon compounds. The culture conditions for upgrading the biosurfactant productivity were investigated. The concentration of the biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa F722 was 0.78 g/L in C-medium; however, this increased to 1.66 g/L in BS medium, which was experimentally adjusted to optimal conditions. $NaNO_{2}$ was found to be most effective for microbial growth, with an $O.D_{600nm}$ of 1.18 for 0.1 % $NaNO_{2}$. Microbial growths, according to the $O.D_{600nm}$ were 2.53, 2.68, 2.89, and 2.87 for glucose, glycerol, $n-C_{10},\;and\;n-C_{22}$, respectively. Clear zone diameters (cm), indicating biosurfactant activity, were 9.0, 8.8, 5.7, and 8.5 for glucose, glycerol, $n-C_{10},\;and\;n-C_{22}$, respectively. Microbial growth was not consistent with the biosurfactant activity. The best biosurfactant activity was found with a C/N ratio of 20. Under optimal culture condition, the average surface tension decreased from 70 to 30 mN/m after 5 days. With aeration of 1.0 vvm, the biosurfactant produced increased to 1.94 g/L (up to 20%) compared to that of 1.66 g/L with no aeration. With aeration, the velocities of glucose degradation during both the log and stationary growth phases increased from 0.25 and $0.18\;h^{-1}$ to 0.33 and $0.29\;h^{-1}$, respectively, and the time for the culture to arrive at the maximum clear zone diameter became shorter, from 80 down to 60 h with no aeration.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The choice of the culture medium is an important factor for the mass production of mycelia in submerged cultures. The influence of liquid medium on the mycelial dry weight of Paecilomyces tenuipes was investigated in this study. The regression equation is expressed as Y=-1292.94187+17.78612X1+18.92425X2+2.11464X3-0.019375X1X2-0.006276X1X3+0.008177X2X3-0.070169X12-0.292175X22-0.008818X32, where Y represents the value of the mycelial dry weight (g/L), X1 is the particle size of wood sawdust in liquid medium (mesh), X2 is the concentration of the wood sawdust in liquid medium, and X3 is incubation time (h). The medium was optimized using a response surface methodology, and the optimal medium contained 30 g of wood sawdust (140 mesh), 20 g of glucose, and 10 g/L of peptone. Under these conditions, the mycelial dry weight reached 38.1 g/L (actual value). The culture medium containing wood sawdust is simple and easy to use, highly efficient, and eco-friendly, and its effectiveness in large preparations of P. tenuipes mycelia with low material costs has been demonstrated.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.146-163
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• 2012

This thesis aims to present how to make secure the identity of the brand with enhancing the esthetic expression of the brand and making the ways of emotional communication in variety, through investigating closely the case of Prada representative of the typical brands that have established the unique identity by cooperating the fashion with culture and art through their ingenious and consistent efforts. In the conclusion, the culture and art was found to be applied in two fields i.e. one of design and the other of marketing. In terms of the design, the method of inserting the image into the surface of the clothing and accessories was used. In the context, the illustration techniques, photographic patterns and applying the image of the art piece could be summarized to be used. In terms of marketing, the sponsorship of the art and exhibitions, look books, animations and fashion films, epicenter, the collaboration with the other kinds of enterprise, could be regarded as four ways of the approaches. The innovation and creativity, futuristic hybrid, nonprofit support of the art, the integration and consistency of the image of the arts could be concluded to be four major points defining the characteristics of the Prada renowned for the use of the culture and arts to its property.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.288-296
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• 2014

The approach of using the structure of the Joseon Dynasty Zen tradition we design a piece of table for outdoor camping is a necessity in modern culture as continuing to develop this research. Analyzing outdoor and camping equipment according to the time change, we focus on the study table for outdoor camping can apply the structure of the elbow. Outdoor supply is also overlaid with the change, while changing in the picnic and camping camp sensibility that was taking advantage of the individuality of each of the general camp. However, it is a surface camp that Korean culture is not to build up the camp culture that has been fixed camp culture of the world in the only development, following the camp trend of European and American. In an attempt to adhere to the trend of Korea currently camped, camping outdoor products that apply the beauty of Korea with a combination of new modern representation tradition and our culture has designed research. I have designed the camp outdoor table based on the contents mentioned above. For the design of this time, it is now possible to use appropriately in accordance with the outdoor environment conditions that are designed to upright seat sharing table in the market tables for camping and to be divided into the seat and upright.