• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2007

A 6-year-old, intact male, mongrel dog with yellowish urine, anorexia, depression was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Chungnam National university. Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) was diagnosed by clinical signs, physical examination, laboratory tests (CBC, serum chemistry, Coombs' test, autoagglutination test and urinalysis) and diagnostic imaging (X-ray and ultrasonography). Clinical signs were improved after combined immune-suppressive therapy (prednisolone and cyclosporine) and prophylactic heparin therapy. A thrombus ($4cm{\times}1cm$) was observed in the right ventricle by autopsy. Combined therapy and supportive care (antithrombolytic agent and acupuncture) were effective in a dog with IMHA.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2011

Metabolic alterations including postprandial hyperglycemia have been implicated in the development of obesity-related diseases. Xylose is a sucrase inhibitor suggested to suppress the postprandial glucose surge. The objectives of this study were to assess the inhibitory effects of two different concentrations of xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin responses and to evaluate its efficacy in the presence of other macronutrients. Randomized double-blind cross-over studies were conducted to examine the effect of D-xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin response following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In study 1, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 49) consumed a test sucrose solution (50 g sucrose in 130 ml water) containing 0, 5, or 7.5 g D-xylose powder. In study 2, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 50) consumed a test meal (50 g sucrose in a 60 g muffin and 200 ml sucrose-containing solution). The control meal provided 64.5 g of carbohydrates, 4.5 g of fat, and 10 g of protein. The xylose meal was identical to the control meal except 5 g of xylose was added to the muffin mix. In study 1, the 5 g xylose-containing solutions exhibited significantly lower area under the glucose curve (AUCg) and area under the insulin curve (AUCi) values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-60 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-90 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and 0-120 min (P = 0.0071, P = 0.0016). In study 2, the test meal exhibited significantly lower AUCg and AUCi values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005), 0-60 min (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0025), and 0-90 min (P = 0.0396, P = 0.0246). In conclusion, xylose showed an acute suppressive effect on the postprandial glucose and insulin surges.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2005

Background: The anti-tumor therapeutic effect of autologous tumor cell lysate pulseddendritic cells (DCs) was studied for non-immunogenic and immune suppressive lung cancer model. To test the possibility as an adjuvant therapy, minimal residual disease model was considered in mouse in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic 3LL lung cancer cells were inoculated intravenously into the C57BL/6 mouse. Autologous tumor cell (3LL) or allogeneic leukemia cell (WEHI-3) lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, tumor formation in the lung and the tumor-specific systemic immunity were observed. Tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion were analyzed for the immune monitoring. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with tumor cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor formation was suppressed in 3LL tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC treated group, while 3LL-specific immune stimulation was minimum. WEHI-3-specific immune stimulation occurred in WEHI-3 lysate-pulsed DC treated group, which had no correlation with tumor regression. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs as an adjuvant therapy for minimal residual disease state of lung cancer. The significance of immune modulation in DC therapy including the possible involvement of NK cell as well as antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell activity induction was discussed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1081-1089
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• 1991

Atrial fibrillation is characterized by beat to beat irregularity of shape, size, conduction time and polarity. The mechanism of atrial fibrillation can be explained by so called "Multiple wavelet theory". The adverse effect of atrial fibrillation is the decrease of cardiac output by absence of atrial kick[10 ~ 15%] and the possibility of thrombosis in the left atrium which is dangerous to develop the thromboembolism is increased. The present study was designed to assess the effect of overdrive pacing on the suppression of recurring of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery and the results were summarized as follows: 1. There were no significant differences of factors between converting patients and non-converting patients to normal sinus rhythm by electric cardioversion after open heart surgery. 2. Among converting patients to normal sinus rhythm, there were no significant differences of factors between study group and control group. 3. Cardiothoracic Ratio on the preoperative chest film was significantly larger in the patients of recurring atrial fibrillation within 72hrs than in the patients of maintaining normal sinus rhythm. [61.7$\pm$ 1.4% vs 67.7$\pm$2.4%, p=0.03] 4. There was a significant difference of suppressive effects between overdrive pacing group and control group among recurred cases until 24, 48, and 72hours [Fisher`s exact test ; p=0.037, p=0.076, p=0.53, respectively] 5. There was a difference of the delay of recurring of atrial fibrillation between study group and control group among recurred cases within 72 hours.[53.4$\pm$6.9hr vs. 19.3$\pm$3.8 hr, p<0.01] We think that the overdrive pacing may suppress the natural pacemaker and the converted normal sinus rhythm is maintained longer than control group during critical immediate postoperative period.ve period.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: White stain symptom caused by Acremonium acutatum and Trichothecium roseum, is one of the most important diseases on the grape. This disease occurs national-wide in Korea and causes irreversible damage on grape, at harvest season. This study was conducted to develop environment-friendly control method against white stain symptom. METHODS AND RESULTS: Environment-friendly materials were tested for control activity against A. acutatum and T. roseum in vitro and in vivo. The effect of environment-friendly materials against white stain symptom on grape in farmer's greenhouse was examined. The materials, NaDCC and sulphur, were sprayed three times on the leaves and fruit of grape at the two sites of farmer's field, Anseong and Hwaseong of Gyeounggi. To evaluate control effect of NaDCC and sulphur against white stain symptom, the disease severity was investigated after the two materials were sprayed from the disease onset three times at the 7-day intervals. NaDCC showed efficacy of 59.71% for Kyoho and 72.26% for Campbell-Early, and sulphur showed 78.31% for Koyho and 66.19% for Campbell-Early. CONCLUSION: We were selected sulphur and Sodium-Dichloroisocyannurate(NaDCC) based on the results of experiments in vitro. In field test, sulphur and NaDCC showed suppressive effect in the white stain symptom of grape. These results suggested that NaDCC and sulphur selected can be used as control agents for controlling white stain symptom on grape.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.496-503
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• 2018

Background: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, hepatitis, and colitis. However, inflammation-regulatory activity of the calyx of the P. ginseng berry has not been thoroughly evaluated. To understand whether the calyx portion of the P. ginseng berry is able to ameliorate inflammatory processes, an ethanolic extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) was prepared, and lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages and HEK293 cells transfected with inflammation-regulatory proteins were used to test the anti-inflammatory action of Pg-C-EE. Methods: The ginsenoside contents of Pg-C-EE were analyzed by HPLC. Suppressive activity of Pg-C-EE on NO production, inflammatory gene expression, transcriptional activation, and inflammation signaling events were examined using the Griess assay, reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction, luciferase activity reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis. Results: Pg-C-EE reduced NO production and diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. This extract suppressed luciferase activity induced only by nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$. Interestingly, immunoblotting analysis results demonstrated that Pg-C-EE reduced the activities of protein kinase B (AKT)1 and AKT2. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have nuclear-factor-${\kappa}B$-targeted anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of AKT. The calyx of the P. ginseng berry is an underused part of the ginseng plant, and development of calyx-derived extracts may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.454-460
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• 1993

Abnormalities of the T cell subsets have been detected in the immunologically mediated disease sites such as periodontal lesions which are attributable to the regulatory effect of cell differentiation and specific chemokinetic effect of various cytokines. Macrophage Inflammatory protein$(MIP)-1{\alpha}$ and gammain terferon$({\gamma}-IFN)$ serve as important immunoregulatory molecules through which growth and differentiation of specific T cell subsets are known to be negatively regulated. Murine cytolytic T cell line CTLL-2 were used to perform the [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation test, by which we obtained more comprehensive view in regulatory actions of cytokines on the T cell subset proliferation. 1. $rMIP-{\alpha}$(200ng/ml) and $r{\gamma}-IFN$(100U/ml) appreared to suppress the proliferation rate to CTLL-2 by 74 and 86% respectively, and the suppressive action of two cytokines were synergisic. 2. Culture supernatant of anti-CD3 mAb-stimulated mouse splenocyte enhanced the proliferation rate of CTLL-2 up to 10-fold with dose-dependent manner. However, culture supernatant of unstimulated splenocyte showed only 2-fold increase in the proliferation rate. 3. CTLL-2 cell proliferation was strictly IL-2 dependent.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2006

Objectives : The present study was investigated the effect and pathway of heterotopic electroacupuncture (EA) on pain induced by formalin in rats. Methods : Acupoints in the right forepaws, $HT_7$ and $PC_7$, were stimulated with 3 mA, 2 ms, and 10 Hz before subcutaneously formalin injection (5%, $50{\mu}l$) to the left hind paw. Moreover, it was investigated whether the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF), as known to the descending inhibition, mediates analgesia of the heterotopic EA, and an administration of naltrexone blocks the effect of EA. Results : In the immunohistochemistry of cFos-like protein (cFL), there were inhibitory effects of EA on the increased expression of cFL in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons following formalin injection. Especially, EA inhibited the expression of cFL on the superficial laminae than that on the deep laminae at 1 hr after, but that on the deep laminae than that on the superficial laminae at 2 hr after. Also, EA suppressed the increased expression of nitric oxide (NO) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the lumbosacral spinal cord after formalin injection, but not Sham-EA. Suppressed expressions of cFL, NO and nNOS in the spinal cord were eliminated after transection of the ipsilateral DLF at $T_{10}{\sim}T_{11}$ levels. However, pretreatment of naltrexone could not prevent the suppressive expressions of cFL, NO and nNOS at the spinal cord. Conclusions : These results suggest that the analgesia of heterotopic EA may be modulated through the DLF constituting the descending inhibition.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 1998

최근 생물방제균으로 주목받고 있는 Enterobacter cloacae의 방제기작이 이 균에 의해 토양내에서 생산된 휘발성 ammonia이며 ammonia의 생산에는urease가 관계한다는 보고를 근거로 하여, 항생물질 생산성 균주로 선발된 우수한 길항균주에 암모니아 생성능, 즉 urease 유전자를 유전적으로 부가함으로써 항진균성 길항물질 생산과 암모니아 생산이 동시에 이루어 질 수 있는 새로운 다기능의 생물방제균을 유전적으로 육종하고자 하였다. 저병해 인삼경작지로부터 식물근부균 Fusarium solani의 생육을 강하게 억제하는 길항세균 한 균주 SH14균주를 분리, 선발하였으며, 분리된 균주를 동정한 결과 Bacillus subtilis이거나 그 근연종으로 추정되었다. 억제기작 실험을 통해 길항균주 B. subtilis SH14에 의해 생산되는 항진균성 길항물질은 외막가수분해효소와 같은 고분자 물질이 아니라 열에 안정한 저분자의 항생물질임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 ammonia 생산을 위한 urease의 유전자는 urease 생산력이 강력한 호알칼리성 Bacillus pasteurii의 urease 생산유전자를 E. coli-Bacillus shuttle vector인 pEB203에 subcloning하였고, 이어서 pGU 366으로 명명된 이 recombinant plasmid를 선발된 항진균성 길항균주 B. subtilis SH14에 PEG-induced protoplast transformation 방법으로 도입, 발현시켰으며, 최적조건을 조사하여 90분간의 lysozyme 처리과정 후 1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 DNA와 40% PEG4000의 첨가로 약 6.5$\times$$10^{-4}$의 형질전환율을 얻을 수 있었다. 아울러 암모니아 생성능이 부가된 생물방제균 B. subtilis SH14(pGU366)에 의해 식물근부균 F. solani에 대한 생육억제력이 증가되는지 여부를 억제거리 측정법과 균체중량법을 통해 확인한 결과 urease 유전자가 도입된 형질전환체 B. subtilis SH14(pGU366)의 근부균 생육억제능이 각각 36.7%, 44.0%정도로 숙주균주인 B. subtilis SH14에 비해 근부균 생육억제능을 보다 강하게 나타내었음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 항진균성 항생물질 생산성 생물방제균 B. subtilis SH14에 외부의 urease유전자를 도입하여 ammonia 생성능을 부가함으로써 생물방제력의 상승효과를 거둘 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2016

본 연구는 8주 동안 건강한 성인 남녀 11명을 대상으로 자일로바이오스 함유 비율이 다른 설탕 3종의 혈당 반응 및 GI 분석을 통해 혈당 저감 효과를 확인하였다. XB 7 (자일로바이오스 7% 함유 설탕), XB 10 (자일로바이오스 10% 함유 설탕), XB 14 (자일로바이오스 14% 함유 설탕)은 표준식품 (포도당)에 비해 섭취 후 최대 혈당 상승값이 유의적으로 낮았다. XB 7, XB 10 및 XB 14의 GI는 각각 57.0, 53.6, 49.7로 나타나 XB 7은 중GI 식품으로, XB 10, XB 14는 저GI 식품으로 분류되었고, 순수한 설탕의 GI 68에 비해 낮았다. AUC는 30~90분 사이에서 표준식품 (포도당)에 비해 비교식품 (XB 7, XB 10, XB 14)에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 따라서 자일로바이오스를 함유한 설탕은 혈당상승을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 자일로바이오스 7% 함유보다는 자일로바이오스 10% 이상 함유 시 기능성 설탕으로의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.