• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of two giant embryonic rices, Nampung giant embryonic rice and Hwachung giant embryonic rice, were investigated mainly focusing on their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenge reactive oxygen species in comparison with those of general rice. The results showed that germination process increased reducing power, inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation and scavenging ability either on superoxide or hydroxyl radicals. Among the cultivars tested, increase in antioxidative action was found to be most prominent for Hwachung giant embryonic rice cultivar. For scavenging of superoxide radicals, the extract from Nampung giant embryonic rice has the most potent activity, however, increasing rate of scavenging activity by germination process was also found to be the greatest for Hwachung giant embryonic rice. We found that the scavenging mechanism for superoxide radicals was attributed to the direct scavenging of the radicals. The scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, the most toxic oxygen radical to biological system, by the rice extracts were also examined, and the results showed that either overall activity or the increasing rate of the activity to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by germination process was the greatest for Hwachung giant embryonic rice. Moreover, the results suggested that the scavenging action to hydroxyl radicals might be mediated by direct quenching of the radicals, not by chelating $Fe^{2+}$. Further studies showed that the antioxidant action of the rice extracts tested in vitro was also operative for suppressing ROS production induced in TPA-stimulated HL-60 cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

70% ethanolic extracts were prepared from the three mutant rice cultivars with giant embryo termed Shinsunchal-giant embryonic rice, Whachung-giant embryonic rice and Nampung-giant embryonic rice, and its antioxidative and antimutagenic properties were evaluated and compared. For analysing antioxidativity, various antioxidative indices, such as electron donating ability to DPPH radical, scavenging capacity to hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton reaction, scavenging capacity to superoxide radicals generated by HPX/XOD system, inhibitory effect on autoxidation of linoleic acid and inhibitory effect on membrane lipid peroxidation derived from rabbit erythrocyte ghost, were determined. For analysing antimutagenicity, suppressive effects on mutagenesis induced by the chemical mutagen, mitomycin C, were measured using E. coli PQ 37 as a indicator cell. The results showed that for both antioxidativity and antimutagenicity the giant embryonic rices were more effective compared to the general cooking rice, Among the giant embryonic rice cultivars, Nampung-giant embryonic rice tended to be most effective, showing its scavenging activity to DPPH radical, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical, and inhibitory activity to lipid peroxidation was 2,3-, 3,3-, 1.7-, and 2.5-fold greater than those of normal rice, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.236-242
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop a functional syrup by using maca extract. Five different levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21%, 28%) of maca extract was added and the physicochemical properties were investigated. The pH of control syrup was lower than that of syrup added with maca extract. Viscosity increased with increasing amount of maca extract. Hunter L value decreased while b value increased as maca extract level increased. Results of consumer acceptance test revealed that no significant differences in flavor, sweet taste and overall acceptability were observed among samples. Therefore, it is suggested that maca extract can be incorporated into syrup up to 28% without depressing the quality. Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests were conducted in view of estimating the functionality of maca syrup. Results showed that incorporation of maca extract into syrup exhibited higher polyphenol content and DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity than control syrup (p<0.05).

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

To evaluate an effect of liver damage on the dermal oxygen free radical metabolizing enzyme activities, the $CCl_4$ (0.1 ml/ 100 g body wt., 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil) was intraperitoneally given to the rats every other day for 2 weeks. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight (%), serum alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase activities and hepatic lipid peroxide contents, the animals were induced severe liver damage. In the present liver damaged animal, all the activities of dermal scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased compared with central. And under the cytochemical electron microscopy the more coarse granules of cerrous perhydroxide were found compared with the control. In conclusion, the $CCl_4$-induced liver damage may influence upon the activities of some dermal oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

Antioxidative activities of major pentacyclic terpenoids from the semi-fermented tea of Camellia sinensis L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities of triterpenoids $1{\sim}3$ were examined with of DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The $IC_{50}$ of compounds 1 and 2 for DPPH radical scavenging activities were 23.1 and $37.2{\mu}g/mL$ respectively, and for superoxide anion radical scavenging activities were 37.2 and $35.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. According to this result, compounds 1 or 2 in semi-fermented tea could be the candidates for bioactive material having antioxidant activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.110.2-111
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• 2003

삼백초 지상부를 탈지후 60% acetone으로 추출하고 이를 극성에 따라 diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, aqueous fraction과 같이 용매분획하였다. 각 fraction의 superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical 에 대한 소거활성을 측정하였다. Diethyl ether fraction의 ROS 소거효과가 비교적 강하였으며 superoxide anion 소거활성은 100ppm에서 86.88%였고, hydroxyl radical 소거활성은 1ppm에서 85.3%로 나타났다. Hydrogen peroxide, DPPH radical 소거활성은 ethyl acetate fraction이 강하게 나타났다. Diethyl ether fraction으로부터 silica gel column chromatography, sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative HPLC에 의하여 수 종의 성분을 분리하였으며 현재 구조동정과 이들의 LDL산화억제 효과 시험 중에 있다.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.124-127
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• 2006

This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Thamnolia vermicularis. The antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging and free radical scavenging activities were studied. The antioxidant activity of the extract correlated with its concentration ($0.2{\sim}2\;mg/ml$) in the reaction mixtures containing linoleic acid. Upto 67% of lipid peroxidation was inhibited by 2 mg/ml of the lichen extract. The extract showed strong free radical scavenging activity similar to that of BRA (positive control) in a manlier of concentration dependent. The lichen extract also showed moderate effects on superoxide anoin scavenging activity and reducing power, which was not so effective as that of Quercetin and BHA used as positive controls. This study suggests that T. vermicularis lichen can be used as a novel source of natural antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2012

In the course of screening for antioxidant compounds by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a total extract of the twigs of Taxillus delavayi (Loranthaceae) was found to show potent radical scavenging activity. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of two phenolic compounds, catechin (1) and galloyl catechin (2), as active principles. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. These two compounds showed the significant antioxidative effects on DPPH, and riboflavin- and xanthin-originated superoxide quenching activities. And these two compounds also showed strong nitric oxide radical scavenging effects. In riboflavin- and xanthin-originated superoxide quenching activities and nitric oxide radical scavenging effect, compound 2 showed better antioxidant activities than vitamin C.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.795-802
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• 2015

This study investigates the bioactivity of tannin from amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) extracts. The antioxidant activities of the extracts from amaranth leaves, flowers, and seeds were evaluated. Tannin from leaves of amaranth has been evaluated for superoxide scavenging activity by using DPPH and ABTS⁺ analysis, reducing power, protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in L-132 and BNL-CL2 cells, and inhibition of superoxide radical effects on HL-60 cells. At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, tannin showed protective effects and restored cell survival to 69.2% and 41.8% for L-132 and BNL-CL2 cells, respectively. Furthermore, at the same concentration, tannin inhibited 41% of the activity of the superoxide radical on HL-60 cells and 43.4% of the increase in nitric oxide levels in RAW 264.7 cells. The expression levels of the antioxidant-associated protein SOD-1 were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells treated with tannin from amaranth leaves. These results suggest that tannin from the leaves of Amaranthus caudatus L. is a promising source of antioxidant component that can be used as a food preservative or nutraceutical.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.309-314
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• 2020

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant effects of 10 kinds of medicinal plants and vegetable extracts and total extracts. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTS assay, and the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and Riboflavin-derived superoxide inhibitory activity (SQA). As a result, cytotoxicity was safe for all 10 medicinal plants, vegetable extracts and total extracts. DPPH free radical scavenging ability was observed in Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. Arctium lappa, Total extract was excellent, and Riboflavin-derived superoxide inhibitory activity (SQA) was found in Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Arctium lappa, Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., Excellent, but total extract showed the best antioxidant effect. As a result of comparing the antioxidant effects of medicinal plants and vegetables using traditional ingredients, the antioxidant activity was increased when used as a mixture than when used alone. It is considered that it can be used as an antioxidant functional material, and it is expected to be of value when developing antioxidant material in the future.