• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.726-733
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• 1994

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric (MS) detection were used in rapid analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in air particulate material extracted for 30 min with 10 ml of supercritical $N_2O$ without another sample preparation step. Two samples, urban dust in Seoul area and a certified air particulate reference material 1649 supplied by the NBS (National Bureau of Standards), were processed for the purpose of evaluating extraction and analysis methods. As a result, the quantitative recovery of PAH's in the SFE method was relatively lower than conventional organic solvent extraction methods, but reproducibility was resonable, and analysis time was reduced remarkably. The method has proved to be suitable for monitoring of PAH's in air particulate material.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.433-437
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• 2001

The extraction of panaxynol and panaxydol from Korean ginseng was found to be op-timal at 55$^{\circ}C$ for the shaking method, 80$^{\circ}C$ for the soxhlet method, and 65$^{\circ}C$ for the supercritical extraction method. The amount of extracted panaxydol and panaxynol, and their increased over a period of 12 h with the shaking method. The soxhlet method produced an extract with the largest panaxydol/panaxynol ratio. A reduced particle size enhanced extraction, however the ration of panaxydol/panaxynol decreased. Swelling in water was found to be detrimental for the extrac-tion of panaxydol and panaxynol.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 1991

The extraction of indole alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus using the supercritital carbon dioxide with ethanol was performed in various temperature and pressure conditions. The contents of vindoline in the extracts were determined by HPLC. In this study, the flow rate of cosolvent ehtanol was 20.4$\mu$l/min, about 3 wt.% of flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide. However the effect of ethanol on the yield of extracted vindoline was not significant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

In this study, two supercritical extraction systems of different scale, analytical-scale and lab-scale, were employed to investigate the extraction efficiency of canola oil from canola seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCCO_2$) as an extraction solvent. The effects of various parameters such as extraction temperature ($40{\sim}80^{\circ}C$), pressure (200~500 bar), particle size, and $SCCO_2$ flow direction on the extraction rate and yield were examined in detail. Triglycerides and fatty acids in the extracted canola oil were analyzed quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The solubility values of canola oil in $SCCO_2$ could be calculated from the experimental results. Similar extraction yields were obtained from both analytical-scale and lab-scale extraction systems. The extraction rates obtained under solvent ($SCCO_2$ ) upflow conditions were found to be higher than those of solvent downflow extraction. However, the effect of $SCCO_2$ flow direction on the extraction yield was observed to be relatively insignificant.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1999

The extraction characteristics of lipids from powdered sea mustard have been investigated by the use of supercritical carbon dioxide($SC-CO_2$) and cosolvents. The extraction rate was increased as the particle size of the sea mustard is smaller, the pressure is higher, the temperature is lower, and the quantities of the fluid is more. However, the extraction yield of lipids from sea mustard was almost constant at a given condition. The optimum extraction condition was determined with the extraction yield of $1.45wt\%$ at 300um of particle size, 313K of $SC-CO_2$ temperature, 13.8MPa of pressure, and 30L/min of flow rate. Ethanol was the most efficient cosolvent among ethanol, methanol, and hexane. The extraction yield was increased at about 2.21times by the addition of ethanol as a cosolvent to $SC-CO_2$. As the residence time and the average concentration of lipids were decreased, the mass transfer parameter($k_fa$) was increased. But the opposite result was obtained when the ethanol was used as cosolvent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2005

The characteristics of sesame oil containing one of natural antioxidant, ' $\gamma$-tocopherol', were studied with the supercritical $CO_2$ extraction. Although $\gamma$-tocopherol has a lower vitamin E value in biological systems than $\alpha$-tocopherol, it is a more potent antioxidant with in oils. For the research of various factors influence to the $\gamma$-tocopherol contents increment, we have checked roasting time and temperature, as well as pressure, temperature and flow rate of supercritical fluid. As a result, we found that the $\gamma$-tocopherol content was maintained constant under the condition of roasting temperature over $200^{\circ}C$. With the longer roasting time, $\gamma$-tocopherol content was increased. Except 250 bar, the $\gamma$-tocopherol content was maintained constant under the condition of the various pressure of supercritical fluid. But $\gamma$-tocopherol content was increased with lower flow rate of supercritical fluid from 1 $m{\ell}$/L to 3 $m{\ell}$/L. When the extraction performance with the supercritical fluid was compared to the conventional compressed extraction, $\gamma$-tocopherol content was increased up to 1.6 times.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1057-1061
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• 2002

Effects of modifier and soaking on extraction of triterpenoid saponin (glycyrrhizin) from liquorice were examined using supercritical $CO_2(SC-CO_2)$ at 50 MPa, $60^{\circ}C$, and flow rate of 3 mL/min, and glycyrrhizin content was analyzed by HPLC. Additon of undiluted methanol, ethanol or isopropanol as modifier to $SC-CO_2$ had little influence on extraction yield of glycyrrhizin. Soaking process using water increased the extraction yield as the sample to solvent ratio was increased. Addition of 70% methanol, ethanol or isopropanol to $SC-CO_2$ significantly increased the extraction yields, with 70% methanol resulting in the highest yield. When water at 90% (w/w) of sample weight was used for soaking, the extraction yield and rate increased, 70% ethanol-modified $SC-CO_2$ was almost equal to that obtained using 70% methanol.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) was utilized for the extraction of tocotrienol from grape seeds. The optimal conditions for vitamin E and tocotrienol extraction were determined via response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design was utilized to assess the effects of oven temperature (30-$50^{\circ}C$, X1), operating pressure (17-25 MPa, X2), and extraction time (1-5 hr, X3) of supercritical fluid extraction. Vitamin E and tocotrienol contents were 8.65 mg/100 g and 7.88 mg/100 g at $40^{\circ}C$, 20MPa and 5 hr, respectively. The predicted extraction condition was validated via actual experimentation. The predicted extraction conditions were $40^{\circ}C$, 3.8 hr, and 20.7MPa. The vitamin E and tocotrienol contents under these conditions were 8.20 mg/100 g and 7.42 mg/100 g, respectively. The vitamin E and tocotrienol contents of solvent extraction with hexane were 8.18 mg/100 g and 7.24 mg/100 g, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.443-463
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• 2024

This study investigated the impact of activated carbon, palm activated carbon, and zeolite on horse oil (HO) extracted from horse neck fat using supercritical fluid extraction with deodorant-untreated HO (CON) as a comparison. The yield and lipid oxidation of deodorant untreated HO (CON) were not significantly affected by the three deodorants. However, deodorant-treated HOs exhibited significantly elevated levels of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) compared to CON (p<0.05), while other fatty acids remained consistent. Zeolite-purified HO demonstrated significantly lower levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than other treatments (p<0.05). Remarkably, zeolite decreased the concentration of pentane, 2,3-dimethyl (gasoline odor), by over 90%, from 177.17 A.U. ×10⁶ in CON to 15.91 A.U. ×10⁶. Zeolite also effectively eliminates sec-butylamine (ammonia and fishy odor) as compared to other deodorant-treated HOs (p<0.05). Additionally, zeolite reduced VOCs associated with the fruity citrus flavor, such as nonanal, octanal, and D-limonene in HO (p<0.05). This study suggests that integrating zeolite in supercritical fluid extraction enhances HO purification by effectively eliminating undesirable VOCs, presenting a valuable approach for producing high-quality HO production in the cosmetic and functional food industries.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.405-413
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• 2014

In this study, gemcitabine (Gem)-Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) conjugates were synthesized through an amide linkage reaction. Then, the microparticles of Gem-PLLA/PLLA blends containing gemcitabine were prepared using a supercritical fluid process, called aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES). Gemcitabine-loaded Gem-PLLA/PLLA microparticles obtained from the ASES process showed a spherical shape. The amount of gemcitabine released after 30 day incubation in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 was about 90% of the total amount of gemcitabine present in the product.