• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2023

The aim of this note is to provide two new and interesting closed-form evaluations of the generalized hypergeometric function ₅F₄ with argument $\frac{1}{256}$. This is achieved by means of separating a generalized hypergeometric function into even and odd components together with the use of two known sums (one each) involving reciprocals of binomial coefficients obtained earlier by Trif and Sprugnoli. In the end, the results are written in terms of two interesting combinatorial identities.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.430-437
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• 2007

The probability table of Moyers and prediction equation of Tanaka and Johnston that have been the most frequently used, cannot produce accurate prediction when used in Korean because they are based on the Caucasian popularity of the Northern European race. The method of Moyers or Tanaka and Johnston predicts sizes of the unerupted canine and premolars on the basis of the sizes of mandibular incisors. However, some of the recent papers raise a question as to whether the mandibular incisors are the best combination to predict the sizes of the unerupted canine and premolars. The purpose of this study is to determine which sum or combination of sums of permanent tooth widths present the best prediction for the unerupted canine and premolars in a Korean sample, to calculate a specific linear regression equation for this population, and to evaluate the clinical significance. A new linear regression equation was calculated based on the data of 178 Korean young adults(70 women, 108 men, mean age 21.63 years) with complete permanent dentitions. Fifty three more children(28 girls, 25 boys, mean age 14.22 years) were used as a validation sample for the application of the multiple linear regression equation. The conclusions were as follows: 1. The combination of the sums of permanent upper central incisors, lower lateral incisors and upper first molars was the best predictor for the unerupted canine and premolars in this sample($r=0.65{\sim}0.80$). 2. The multiple linear regression equation was calculated including sex and arch as additional predictor variables. male, upper: $Y\;=\;0.332{\times}X_0\;+\;6.195$ male, lower: $Y\;=\;0.332{\times}X_0\;+\;5.269$ female, upper: $Y\;=\;0.332{\times}X_0\;+\;5.929$ female, lower: $Y\;=\;0.332{\times}X_0\;+\;5.003$. The determination coefficient of the equation was 64% and a standard error of the estimate was 0.71mm. 3. In about 97% of the validation sample, the estimation of the tooth width sums of unerupted canine and premolars using the new multiple linear regression equation was smaller than 1mm compaired with the actual values.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

In this paper, we study the efficient feature vector extraction method and front-end processing to improve the performance of the speech recognition system using KT(Korea Telecommunication) database collected through various telephone channels. First of all, we compare the recognition performances of the feature vectors known to be robust to noise and environmental variation and verify the performance enhancement of the recognition system using weighted cepstral distance measure methods. The experiment result shows that the recognition rate is increasedby using both PLP(Perceptual Linear Prediction) and MFCC(Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) in comparison with LPC cepstrum used in KT recognition system. In cepstral distance measure, the weighted cepstral distance measure functions such as RPS(Root Power Sums) and BPL(Band-Pass Lifter) help the recognition enhancement. The application of the spectral subtraction method decrease the recognition rate because of the effect of distortion. However, RASTA(RelAtive SpecTrAl) processing, CMS(Cepstral Mean Subtraction) and SBR(Signal Bias Removal) enhance the recognition performance. Especially, the CMS method is simple but shows high recognition enhancement. Finally, the performances of the modified methods for the real-time implementation of CMS are compared and the improved method is suggested to prevent the performance degradation.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.31
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• pp.3-25
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• 2006

This study focus on interest for arrears and filling of the gaps left in Article 78 of CISG. In the case of CISG, Article 78 provides for interest any time a payment under a contract is untimely, but does not specify a particular rate of interest or a method to determine such a rate. This issue did not cause any uncertainty under ULIS, the CISG's antecedent, since Article 83 of ULIS provided for 1%p above the official discount rate in the creditor's country. Lacking any CISG general principle as well as any indication by the very same CISG, one can only conclude that the matter must be deferred to the domestic rule of private international law. Actually, resorting to private international law is not only admissible, but expressly required by Article 7(2). In the interpretation and filling of the gaps left in Article 78, there is a considerable difference of opinion especially amongst commentators on whether the gap is a lacuna praeter legem, i.e., one being governed by, but not expressly settled in the CISG, or whether it is an issue falling outside the scope of application of the CISG, i.e. a lacuna intra legem. The protagonists of the former view lay emphasis on the overall objective of the CISG, namely to create a uniform law, whereas the supporters of the latter view refer to the legislative history of Article 78 as the dominant principle in interpreting Article 78. Some authors believe that the issue of determining the rate of interest is not dealt with by CISG and it is, therefore, governed by the applicable domestic law, which is the subsidiary law applicable to the sales contract, since "no special connecting points seem to have developed for the entitlement to interest." In the light of the relevant case law, it seems correct to conclude that the interest rate is not determined by CISG and that courts normally determine it according to their own rules of private international law. While CISG Article 78 expressly does not deal with this issue, PICC Article 7.4.9 and PECL Article 9.508, on the other hand, set forth a precise method for computing interest. Although a method like the one set by PICC may be useful and may encourage uniformity, it still cannot be used under the CISG. The PICC or PECL formula may, however, be a very good starting point in a de jure condendum analysis when a new Article 78 will be drafted, if an interest rate method will ever be embodied in the text of an international convention.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 1992

In the present study two sets of unbalanced two-way cross-classification data with and without empty cell(s) were used to evaluate empirically the various sums of squares in the analysis of variance table. Searle(1977) and Searle et.al.(1981) developed a method of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$) and R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) by the use of partitioned matrix of X'X for the model of no interaction, interchanging the columns of X in order of $\alpha, \mu, \beta$ and accordingly the elements in b. An alternative way of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$), R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) and R($\gamma$\mid$\mu, \alpha, \beta$) without interchanging the columns of X has been found by means of,$(X'X)^-$ derived, using $W_2 = Z_2Z_2-Z_2Z_1(Z_1Z_1)^-Z_1Z_2$. It is true that $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)\Sigma = SSA_W and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)\Sigma = SSB_W$ where $SSA_W$ and means analysis and $R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta) = R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)\Sigma$ for the data without empty cell, but not for the data with empty cell(s). It is also noticed that for the datd with empty cells under W - restrictions $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\alpha$\mid$\mu) and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\beta$\mid$\mu) but R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W \neq R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$. The hypotheses $H_o : K' b = 0$ commonly tested were examined in the relation with the corresponding sums of squares for $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu), R(\beta$\mid$\mu), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma), and R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$ under the restrictions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.49-54
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• 2002

For arbitrary random variables {$X_{n},n{\geq}1$}, the order of growth of the series. $S_{n}\;=\;{\sum}_{j=1}^n\;X_{j}$ is studied in this paper. More specifically, when the series S_{n}$ diverges almost surely, the strong law of large numbers $S_{n}/g_{n}^{-1}$($A_{n}{\psi}(A_{n}))\;{\rightarrow}\;0$ a.s. is constructed by extending the results of Petrov (1973). On the other hand, if the series $S_{n}$ converges almost surely to a random variable S, then the tail series $T_{n}\;=\;S\;-\;S_{n-1}\;=\;{\sum}_{j=n}^{\infty}\;X_{j}$ is a well-defined sequence of random variables and converges to 0 almost surely. For the almost surely convergent series $S_{n}$, a tail series strong law of large numbers $T_{n}/g_{n}^{-1}(B_{n}{\psi}^{\ast}(B_{n}^{-1}))\;{\rightarrow}\;0$ a.s., which generalizes the result of Klesov (1984), is also established by investigating the duality between the limiting behavior of partial sums and that of tail series. In particular, an example is provided showing that the current work can prevail despite the fact that previous tail series strong law of large numbers does not work.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2014

A randomized block design is a method to apply a treatment into the experimental unit of each block after dividing into several blocks with a binded homogeneous experimental unit. Jonckheere (1964) and Terpstra (1952), Page (1963), Hollander (1967) proposed various methods of ordered alternative in randomized block design. Especially, Page (1963) test is a weighted combination of within block rank sums for ordered alternatives. In this paper, we suggest a new nonparametric method expanding the Page test for an ordered alternative. A Monte Carlo simulation study is also adapted to compare the power of the proposed methods with previous methods.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.658-662
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• 2004

This paper proposes an orthogonal reception structure for OS/SS communication with time-shifted m-sequences, and compares the performances of the proposed and conventional receiver. This structure provides two important characteristics to reference user signal with not only increment of auto-correlation value but also cancel of the cross-correlation value out to zero between the reference user and other user signals. In addition, the structure can be easily implemented with the conventional receiver adding an additional integrator path in parallel and an adder that sums the conventional path output and the new path output signal. Hence, the proposed structure can be applied for channel impulse response measurement, and efficiently used for multi-user interference signal cancellation and channel capacity increment by flexible structural inter-working operation, connection or disconnection, of the new path to conventional receiver structure.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2000

We had studied the relationship between the difference of average temperature of Meridian points of left and right face taken by DITI on 1st hospital day and the improvement degree of facial mucles on the patients of Bell's palsy after 10 days treatment. The clinical data and thermographic imaging were analyzed on the 42 cases of Bell's palsy who were treated in the Chunju Oriental Medicine Hospital of Wonkwang University from May to November 1999, and we selected 29 cases within 10 day-onset and the following results were obtained. 1. Assuming the difference of the muscle scores' sums very attending day from after 10 days treatment is improvement degree, and presuming the improvement degree is y, and the mean difference of average temperature between normal and abnormal facial side is x, we can infer the equation of the first degree as following [ y = 2.62 + 2.16 x ]. 2. This means that the higher temperature of nerve falsy side than normal side, the better consequence of treatment we can obtain.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1061-1064
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• 2004

Molecular visualization software has the common objective of manipulation and interpretation of data from numerical simulations. They visualize many complicated molecular structures with personal computer and workstation, to help analyze a large quantity of data produced by various computational methods. However, users are often discouraged from using these tools for visualization and analysis due to the difficult and complicated user interface. In this regard, we have developed an easy-to-use three-dimensional molecular visualization and analysis program named POSMOL. This has been developed on the Microsoft Windows platform for the easy and convenient user environment, as a compact program which reads outputs from various computational chemistry software without editing or changing data. The program animates vibration modes which are needed for locating minima and transition states in computational chemistry, draws two and three dimensional (2D and 3D) views of molecular orbitals (including their atomic orbital components and these partial sums) together with molecular systems, measures various geometrical parameters, and edits molecules and molecular structures.