• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1527-1527
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• 2001

Glucose, fructose and sucrose being the main sugars that can be found in natural fruit juice. Many instrumental methods, such as GC, LC, electrochemical or spectrometric methods provide information about both the total content of sugars and the specific concentration of each carbohydrate[1]. The simplicity of sample handling and measurement in the near IR(NIR) wavelength region, which allows the use of long pathlength, optical glass cells and optical fibers, makes NIR a good alternative for sugar determination [2]. In the present study, six varieties of persian grapes were harvested at intervals through august to october and analysed for sugars by NIR. The results were processed by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Sample juice was prepared by squeezing through gauze from crashed grape. This solution was treated by zinc ferrocyanide prior to analysis in order to eliminate colored compounds and all optically active nonsugar substances. For glucose and fructose the most characteristic wavelengths were 1456nm corresponding to the first harmonic O-H stretching and the second at 2062nm corresponding to O-H stretching and deformation; secondary characteristic combination bands were also seen at 2265 nm (O-H and C-C stretching) and at 2240 nm (C-H and C-C stretching). However these spectra were taken over a wavelength range from 1100-2500nm at room temperature of 25-$30^{\circ}C$. To test the accuracy of the described procedure, samples of six varieties of grape were analysed by the proposed NIR and a standard method[2]. Good agreement were found between these two sets of the results. To perform the recovery studies , samples of grape juices previously analysed by the proposed method, were spiked with known amounts of each individual sugars and then analysed again. Relative standard deviations varied from 1.4 to 1.8% for six independent measurements of individual and total sugar concentration. In the analysis of real and synthetic samples, precise and accurate results were obtained , providing accuracy errors lower than 1.9% in all cases. Average recoveries of ${97}{\pm}{4%}$ for total sugar and between ${95}{\pm}{5%}$ and ${99}{\pm}{2%}$ for sing1e sugars demonstrate the applicability of the methodology developed to the direct analysis of grape Juice.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 2019

Objectives: This research was conducted to identify the consumers' food choice factors that affect the consumers' replacement of soft drinks with carbonated water. Methods: The present study used secondary data from a consumer panel survey conducted by the Rural Development Administration of Korea, and the data included the panel members' purchase records based on their monthly spending receipts. The survey asked the participants about their food choice factors and their personal responsibility for their health. This survey included independent variables for the consumers' food purchase factors. As a dependent variable, two types of groups were defined. The replacement group included those people who increased their purchase of carbonated water and decreased their purchase of soft drinks. The non-replacement group included those people who did not change their purchase patterns or they increased their purchase of soft drinks and they decreased their purchase of carbonated water. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the consumers' food choice factors that were associated with replacing soft drinks with carbonated water. Results: The replacement group was significantly associated with (1) a younger age (OR=0.953), (2) being a housewife (OR=2.03), (3) higher income (OR=1.001) and (4) less concern about price (OR=0.819) when purchasing food. This group also showed (5) higher enjoyment (OR=1.328) when choosing food and (6) they took greater responsibly for their personal health (OR=1.233). Conclusions: This research is the first study to mainly focus on soft drinks and carbonated water. The result of this research showed that young, health-conscious consumers with a higher income and who are more interested in food have more possibilities to replace soft drinks with carbonated water. These research findings may be applied to consumers who have characteristics that are similar to the young health-conscious consumers and the results can help to suggest ways to reduce sugar intake and improve public health. However, this research has a limitation due to the application of secondary data. Therefore, a future study is needed to develop detailed survey questions about food choice factors and to extend these factors to all beverages, including soft drinks made with sugar substitutes, so as to reflect the growth of alternative industries that use artificial sweeteners or different types of sugar to make commercially available drinks.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2019

Microalgae do not require much land and make a higher efficient oil production. However, it costs still much higher than other biodiesel resources, such as crops. Sugars charge 80% of culture media when microalgae are massively cultured in the fermenter. This study aims to develop a cost-efficient process for sugar production from Chinese cabbage byproducts. Pre-treatment with 0.25% H₂SO₄ was most effective when chopped cabbage was incubated 50℃/130 rpm for 24 hours. To hydrolyze cabbage cellulose, we used cellulases secreted from Trichoderma. harzianum. T. harzianum was cultured at 28℃/pH 7/130 rpm for five days. Optimal enzymatic activity of cellulase was obtained by incubating at 0.24 FPU/ml/45℃/pH 5/130 rpm for three days. In comparison to other agricultural waste, such as rice straw, green tea leaves, and palm residue, Chinese cabbage produced the highest sugar yield. We found the optimal conditions to produce sugar from Chinese cabbage byproducts as a carbon source to culture biodiesel-producing microalgae. The efficient process developed in this study helps microalgae as a sustainable alternative energy source by cost-down.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The production of high-value chemicals from natural resources as an alternative for petroleum-based products is currently expanding in parallel with biorefinery. The use of lignocellulosic biomass as raw material is promising to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. Filamentous fungi, particularly Aspergillus species, are already used industrially to produce organic acid as well as many enzymes. The production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes opens the possibility for direct fungal fermentation towards organic acids such as itaconic acid (IA) and fumaric acid (FA). These acids have wide-range applications and potentially addressable markets as platform chemicals. However, current technologies for the production of these compounds are mostly based on submerged fermentation. This work showed the capacity of two Aspergillus species (A. terreus and A. oryzae) to yield both acids by solid-state fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. FA was optimally produced at by A. oryzae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (0.54 mg/g wheat bran). The yield of 0.11 mg IA/g biomass by A. oryzae is the highest reported in the literature for simultaneous solid-state fermentation without sugar supplements.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2013

Objectives Children's unique taste bud often gives them difficult time to take oriental medicines. To overcome, survey was conducted focusing on useful and practical tips on how to take them. Methods The survey was carried out by posting mail questionnaire. Target clinics for the survey were selected by the internet search engine, Google, Daum, and Naver, and typing in "oriental treatment + pediatrics", "pediatrics + oriental medicine", "pediatric oriental clinic". 24 clinics were searched, but they were further narrowed down to the specialized pediatric oriental clinics. Also, total of 38 inquiry leaflets were distributed to 14 University Oriental Hospitals. Results If children refuse to take the medicine, mixture with sweeteners can be prescribed for them. Among them, oligosaccharide is the most recommended followed by sugar and honey. To avoid rejection to medication, use of different formulation, such as distillation medicine, soft X-Section, granulated medicine, and character printing can be used. Conclusions The most effective method is to investigate the mixture first, and then the alternative formulations.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-184
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• 2005

Effects of irradiation and fumigation on disinfestation and quality attributes of chestnuts during storage were studied. Fresh chestnuts were exposed to gamma irradiation (0-10 kGy) and methyl bromide (MeBr) under commercial conditions and stored at different temperatures for 6 months. Pest of quarantine importance for chestnuts, Curculio sikkimensis Heller showed 100% mortality by MeBr on 3rd day after fumigation and by irradiation at 0.5 kGy in about 3 weeks at $23{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. Respiration rates of samples one day after treatments increased in proportion to irradiation dose. Respiration pattern of MeBr group was equal to that of 10 kGy-group. Both MeBr and irradiation at 0.25 kGy or higher showed 100% inhibition of sprouting during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 6 months. Flesh firmness was significantly reduced by MeBr or irradiation over 5 kGy (p<0.05) 1 day after treatments. MeBr fumigation resulted in appreciable decrease in flesh weight, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid contents (p<0.05), as compared to irradiated samples. Irradiation at 0.5 kGy was effective as alternative to MeBr in controlling pests while maintaining overall quality of fresh chestnuts during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2012

In this experiment, the optimum concentration of polyols which were used for making transparent soaps was determined using design of experiment (DOE) method. Dipropylene glycol and 1,3 butylene glycol with short chains enhanced the transparency of soap, however, polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin and diglycerin made the soap opaque. The hardness of soap was increased as increasing the concentration of propylene glycol, diglycerin, dipropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400. The hardness, transparency, absorbance of water, and friction solubility could be optimized by controlling the concentration of dipropylene glycol, polyetylene glycol, sugar, and triethanolamine.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 1994

From the hot water extract of bracken(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum), a Korean win edible plant, anti-complementary acidic polysaccharides were Isolated. Crude polysaccharide fraction(HPA-1) was obtain ed by methanol reflux, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilization. HPA-1 contained 81.80% of total sugar, 30.40% of uronic acid, and 15.60cA of protein. HPA 1 was purified consecutively by cetavlon fractionation and chromatography including ion exchange nth DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B and gel permeation with Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose CL-6B. HPA-2- IVa and HPA-Va-2 were nearly homogeneous on HPLC and had 500,000 and 560,000 daltons of molecular weights, respectively. HPA-2-Wa consisted of fucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid at the molar ratio of 1.40 : 0.97 : 1.88. HPA-2-Va 2 was composed of rhamnose, galactose, and galacturonic acid at the molar ratio of 1.00 : 1.38 : 1.39. The polysaccharides were found to activate the C3 component both In the presence and In the absence of Ca2+ through the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis suggesting that those Involved in both classical and alternative complement pathway.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2017

Ginseng has been used in China for at least two millennia and is now popular in over 35 countries. It is one of the world's popular herbs for complementary and alternative medicine and has been shown to have helpful effects on cognition and blood circulation, as well as anti-aging, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic effects, among many others. The pharmacological activities of ginseng are dependent mainly on ginsenosides. Ginsenosides have a cholesterol-like four trans-ring steroid skeleton with a variety of sugar moieties. Nuclear receptors are one of the most important molecular targets of ginseng, and reports have shown that members of the nuclear receptor superfamily are regulated by a variety of ginsenosides. Here, we review the published literature on the effects of ginseng and its constituents on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors. Furthermore, we discuss applications for sex steroid hormone receptor modulation and their therapeutic efficacy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1054-1063
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• 2022

Trehalose is a non-conventional sugar with potent applications in the food, healthcare and biopharma industries. In this study, trehalose was synthesized from maltose using whole-cell Pseudomonas monteilii TBRC 1196 producing trehalose synthase (TreS) as the biocatalyst. The reaction condition was optimized using 1% Triton X-100 permeabilized cells. According to our central composite design (CCD) experiment, the optimal process was achieved at 35℃ and pH 8.0 for 24 h, resulting in the maximum trehalose yield of 51.60 g/g after 12 h using an initial cell loading of 94 g/l. Scale-up production in a lab-scale bioreactor led to the final trehalose concentration of 51.91 g/l with a yield of 51.60 g/g and productivity of 4.37 g/l/h together with 8.24 g/l glucose as a byproduct. A one-pot process integrating trehalose production and byproduct bioremoval showed 53.35% trehalose yield from 107.4 g/l after 15 h by permeabilized P. moteilii cells. The residual maltose and glucose were subsequently removed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC 12153, resulting in trehalose recovery of 99.23% with 24.85 g/l ethanol obtained as a co-product. The present work provides an integrated alternative process for trehalose production from maltose syrup in bio-industry.