• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1254-1265
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in clothing purchase behaviors among groups determined by subjective and chronological ages. The subjects of this study were teens and adults of up to 59 years of age residing in Seoul and the Metropolitan areas. Out of 700, 578 were used for final data analysis, Chi-square analysis, ANOVA, Duncans multiple range test and descriptive statistics were used for statistics analysis. The following results were found: the subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the subjective age. All age groups tended to perceive subjective age similar to chronological one. Regarding evaluative criteria for selecting clothes and stores, significant differences were found among all chronological and subjective age groups. By chronological age levels, significant differences were found among subjective age groups except the teens in the evaluative criteria used for purchasing clothing. Significant differences were found among subjective age group in all chronological age brackets in store selection criteria.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2013

The problem of the sentence-based pronunciation evaluation task is defined in the context of subjective criteria. Three subjective criteria (that is, the minimum subjective word score, the mean subjective word score, and first impression) are proposed and modeled with the combination of word-based assessment. Then, the subjective criteria are approximated with objective sentence pronunciation scores obtained with the combination of word-based metrics. No a priori studies of common mistakes are required, and class-based language models are used to incorporate incorrect and correct pronunciations. Incorrect pronunciations are automatically incorporated by making use of a competitive lexicon and the phonetic rules of students' mother and target languages. This procedure is applicable to any second language learning context, and subjective-objective sentence score correlations greater than or equal to 0.5 can be achieved when the proposed sentence-based pronunciation criteria are approximated with combinations of word-based scores. Finally, the subjective-objective sentence score correlations reported here are very comparable with those published elsewhere resulting from methods that require a priori studies of pronunciation errors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.213-224
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• 2009

This research aims to analyze and compare the objective and subjective evaluation criteria for home appliances. In addition, this research examined the correlation between those evaluation criteria. Furthermore, consumers are divided by the level of the differences between those criteria; consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level for the quality of home appliances is greater than objective evaluation level, consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level is almost the same, and consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level for the quality of home appliances is lower than objective evaluation level, and this study investigated the differences those three groups by the socio-demographic characteristics and consumers' behavior in the stage of purchase. Results of this research could be summarized as follows. First of all, there were statistically significant between the level of the objective and subjective evaluation in the quality of home appliances. Second, when consumers purchased the expensive home appliance, imported-brand home appliance, home appliances in department store, the level of subjective evaluation level for the quality of home appliances is higher than objective evaluation level. Third, the level of satisfaction for the price, quality, AS, overall satisfaction, and the level of willingness to repurchase were higher in consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level was higher than objective evaluation level.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

There are many business in complex building, and recently noise claims have increased in those buildings. It is one of the most desirable methods reducing the noise level to establish the noise criteria considering the admittable noise level between the source and receiving room, which are to be derived from the subjective response in the real conditions. Because the degree of annoyance and loudness for the intruding noises in complex building could be changed with background noise level, it is suggested to be researched the relationship between the noise levels and subjective response. In this study, the subjective response for three different background levels in receiving business or rooms were investigated for the typical eight business noise source including aerobic music. The results can be summarized as follows. In conditions of low background noise level(40 dB(A)), there is a tendency of intentionally attention situation (listening) in a subjective test. The other hand in conditions of relatively high background noise level(50 dB(A)), there is a unconscious situation (heraing). As the degree of moderately heard or annoyed in SD rating scale means that the noise is easily recognized in neighboring shops, usually the limit of noise criteria were decided on this rating point, so it will be reasonable to be adopted the criteria rating scale as slight heard or annoyed degree (SD criteria 3).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.353-364
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• 1998

Consumer knowledge has been discussed as an important concept to understand information processing such as information search and evaluation process. It has been defined as the amounts and contents of information in consumer's memory accumulated by experiences. According to literature review, experts who have much knowledge are likely to retrieve their information related to products for a purchase efficiency. Therefore, they are likely to simplify the information processing for a choice. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between clothing product knowledge and evaluative criteria for a purchase. The results were as follows; First, it was found out that evaluative criteria were composed of four dimensions such as the management, the esthetic, the fitness and the brand. Therefore, it is implied that evaluative criteria for purchasing clothing products were multidimensional. Second, the level of objective knowledge was low, and consumers perceived that they didn't have much knowledge related with clothing products. Also, the relationships between objective and subjective knowledge were positive but low. Third, the evaluative criteria were effected by the level of consumer's knowledge significantly. In subjective knowledge, the subjects in a high group considered all criteria more deeply than in a low group. But there was a significant difference only in the esthetic between two groups in objective knowledge. The results of this study imply that consumer knowledge may influence evaluation process. Knowledgeable consumer would consider product attributes deeply for evaluating clothing products, and especially, the esthetic would be an important factor as an attribute including the instrumental and expressive functions in a purchase phase. Therefore, consumer knowl- edge would be a basis of predicting expert's information processing and managing heavy buyer or loyal consumers in apparel industry.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.9-12
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• 2008

There are many place of business in complex building, and recently claims of noise have increased in those buildings. It is most desirable reducing the noise problems to establish the noise criteria considering the noise source and the receiving place of business, which are derived from the dose-response of noise and results of the actual condition. The degree of response to the transmission noise could be changed with background noise level in the receiving stores. In this research, the subjective evaluation for three different background level in receiving place of business or rooms were investigated from subjective tests. The eight business sound source including aerobic music were used for the test.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-72
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• 1999

Evaluation of user interfaces has to be performed in an intuitive and subjective manner by experts especially when the problem comes to the complexity and consistency of sophisticated interface procedures. The manual analysis and evaluation of logical interfaces also tends to be slow and laborious. To make the evaluation more formal and objective, the criteria and the procedure with which the evaluation can proceed must be explicitly prescribed. Furthermore, to make the formal procedure as practical as subjective expert evaluation, the criteria must reflect the user knowledge of the target tasks since the task knowledge plays the role of a basis for users to understand the interface organizations and procedures. This paper describes ESTIM, a support system for task-based evaluation of user interface, that includes the interface evaluation criteria and implies an evaluation procedure. The support system can be used either in an interactive manner by the analyst during the evaluation or in an automatic evaluation mode. It was verified that the result of automatic evaluation by ESTIM matched the results of expert evaluation fairly well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.349-354
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• 2005

There are various types of noise around us such as road traffic noise, aircraft noise and floor impact sound, equipment noise etc. Recently researches on the criteria to evaluate the noises have been progressed, however, researches on the noise criteria and evaluation method for the diffuser noise of HVAC are insufficient. dB(A) and NC values represented in ASHRAE guide book are applied as a noise criteria for diffuser noise, which have some problems like that the values between dB(A) and NC have deviation even if the sound is same one. Therefore, the evaluation method should be considered and proposed based on the subjective responses. From these reasons, this study aimed to analyze the evaluation factors for the diffuser noise of HVAC reflected on the subjective responses by surveying vocabularies and grouping them with factor analysis.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.687-691
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• 2010

Workload assessment is one of the important elements of the human factors evaluation for the nuclear power plants in operation. This paper describes a further study upon the additional elements of the workload which elements should be considered in the subjective workload assessment. We have tried to predict the burden of the work and to improve the work through a comparison of the objective workload and the subjective workload in the previous studies in nuclear power plants. However, there is a restriction to perform a precise assessment because of the limitations of the method itself. The objective workload assessment is performed by relative comparison using the quadrant analysis with objective workload and subjective workload because there were no clear criteria of objective workload assessment. And the subjective workload assessment is performed by NASA-TLX (NASA Task Load Index) which includes six evaluation dimensions of subjective workload. NASA-TLX is difficult to grasp the other aspects that could influence on the subjective workload because the analysis relies on predetermined assessment items. We conduct a factor analysis between the factors that affect the workload and the assessment adopted from ISO 10075 and NASA-TLX. At the same time, this study suggests other evaluation elements which can be added for subjective workload assessment except for evaluation elements of NASA-TLX.