• Title/Summary/Keyword: subject norm

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Influence of Accessibility, Subject Norm, and Social Norm to Use Diversity or Usage of Internet Contents (아동의 인터넷콘텐츠 사용에 대한 접근성과 주관적·사회적 규범의 영향 연구)

  • Ohk, Kyungyoung
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.443-450
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    • 2013
  • This study is about that how accessibility or norm influence to use diversity or usage of internet contents. Two hypotheses tested by statistic analysis. The major finding of this study are as follows. First, the greater the physical accessibility or intellectual accessibility, the greater the use diversity of internet contents. Second, the greater the physical accessibility or intellectual accessibility, the greater the usage of internet contents. Third, the greater the subject norm, the smaller the usage of internet contents. This study provides some implications that subject norm can influence to reduce usage of internet contents. The limitations, and future direction are discussed.

The strong consistency of the $L_1$-norm estimators in censored nonlinear regression models

  • Park, Seung-Hoe;Kim, Hae-Kyung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.573-581
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    • 1997
  • This paper is concerned with the strong consistency of the $L_1$-norm estimators for the nonlinear regression models when dependent variables are subject to censoring, and provides the sufficient conditions which ensure the strong consistency of $L_1$-norm estimators of the censored regression models.

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A Study on the Housing Norm of the Large Cities' Middle Classes - With special reference to the housewives living in Seoul area (대도시 중산층의 주거규범에 관한 연구 - 서울시에 거주하는 주부를 중심으로 -)

  • 이연복
    • Journal of the Korean housing association
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.13-34
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    • 1991
  • The main purpose of this study is to examine housing norm of the middle classes, housing norm and normative housing deficits by independent variables(socio - economic variables, family characteristic variable sand housing characteristic variables).There are two major findings of this study as follows :1. In the housing norm, housing space is 99.Om2, the number of rooms is 3.0, housing structure type is apartment, the maintenance cost is 13 thousand won, and housing tenure is home ownership. And housing qualify is classified into 5 dimensions, and neighborhood environment is classified into 3 dimensions.2. This thesis is to conform Morris et aL.(1984)`s hypotheses that cultural norm is homogeneous in culturally unified society and if it appears heterogeneously, It is the subject`s reporting error of the subjects confusing cultural norm with family norm.

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Effects of Individual Characteristics and Subject Norm on User Acceptance of e-Learning for Voluntary Studies (자발적 학습에서 개인특성과 주관적 규범이 e-learning 수용에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Tae-Hwan;Suh, Chang-Kyo
    • The Journal of Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.99-127
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    • 2008
  • E-learning becomes an important part of education these days in Korea. Students had no choice but to accept the e-learning when the e-learning was used as a supplementary learning tool within a traditional class or a stand-alone distance education. This study focuses on the students' intention of e-learning acceptance for voluntary studies. In voluntary study, students have the rights to adopt the e-learning or not for their personal study. We used individual characteristics as the external variables of TAM to explain user acceptance of e-learning for voluntary studies and examined the effect of individual characteristics on user's beliefs. Research model and nine hypotheses were set up to identify the relationships among these variables based on investigations of previous researches. The theoretical model is tested with questionnaires from 420 users who accept e-learning for voluntary studies. We tested the measurement and research models by applying a structural equation modeling(SEM) approach, using the AMOS 5.0. Overall, the results provided support for the model as explaining acceptance of an e-learning system. Most path coefficients in the research model were found statistically significant. The results showed usefulness and enjoyment and subject norm were the factors affecting attitude of students using e-learning. In addition, usefulness and subject norm were the factors affecting intention of students using e-learning. The results show innovation and self-efficacy have a significant impact on user's perception of ease of use. Self-efficacy also have significant effects on user's perception of usefulness.

The interaction effect of descriptive norm message and regulatory focus in online context of franchise system (프랜차이즈 시스템의 온라인 맥락에서 서술적 규범 메시지와 조절초점의 상호작용 효과)

  • Kim, Sae-Rom;Lee, Dong-il
    • The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - In recent years, many companies include franchises have acquire customers by making an online stores and they are carrying out permission marketing activities with e-mail and SMS. Permission marketing requires voluntary customer approval for receiving commercial messages such as cross-selling and upselling. Therefore, it is necessary for the business to induce the customer's acceptance. The purpose of this study is to examine which type of different messages can affect higher in consumer persuasion. Thus, we investigated the impact of descriptive norm message on intention of reception in an online store context, and its interaction with chronic regulatory focus. Research design, data, and methodology - This study hypothesized that the descriptive norm message would affect positive influences to consumers' intension of reception. Specially, this study inquired into whether the interaction effect between descriptive norm and regulatory focus. To verify the hypothesis, we conducted 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design with message type (general message and descriptive norm message) and regulatory focus(promotion focus and prevention focus) as independent variables. Participants of the experiment were assigned to one of 2 kind experimental situations randomly according to characteristics of message type. A total of 131 participants (descriptive norm message: 65, general message: 66) responded for this study. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and two-way ANOVA. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, we found main effects of the descriptive norm message. The intention of reception were significantly higher in the descriptive norm message rather than general message as in previous researches. Second, interaction effect between the descriptive norm message and regulatory focus was significant. The prevention focus (vs. promotion focus) were hight in a positive behavior intention when the descriptive norm message was given. Conclusions - This study verifies the main effect and interaction effect of descriptive norm message and regulatory focus on the consumers' intention of reception in permission marketing, and persuasive message in the online store context. The results of this study will provide various advantages to companies that want to establish long lasting relationship with customers by carrying out permission marketing in the future.

A Comparative Study of Leisure Behavior Intention between Korean and American University Students Followed by TPB (계획된 행동이론 모델에 따른 한국과 미국 대학생의 여가행동의도 비교연구)

  • Oh, Sae-Sook
    • Journal of Wellness
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the potential predictors of leisure behavior intention using the theory of planned behavior(TPB). A convenience sample of 369 participants was obtained from university students in Korea and America. For the purposes of this study, potential predictors of leisure behavior intention were selected from the following categories: attitude, subject norm, perceived behavior control, group conformity and face saving. In order to better understand the dynamics of the TPB process that influenced leisure behavior intention, this study used structural equation modeling(SEM) to test the TPB model. According to the results, attitude, subject norm, and perceived behavior control influenced to leisure behavior intention of both Korean and American university students and face saving influenced to leisure behavior intention of Korean university students. However, group conformity did not influence to leisure behavior intention of either Korean and American university students. For future study, more specific and decomposed factors are recommended to understand leisure behavior intention in theoretical way.

An Analysis of Structural Relationship among University Student's Work Value, Subject Norm, Career Decision Self-Efficacy, Career Adaptability in Agricultural Science Fields (농업계열 전공 대학생의 직업가치, 주관적 규범, 진로결정 자기 효능감, 진로적응성 간의 구조관계분석)

  • Park, Hye Jin;Yu, Byeong Min
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.211-222
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of agriculture on the career adaptation and career decision by measuring the job value and the subjective norm of agriculture. Conclusions based on the study results can be suggested as follows. First, career decision self-efficacy and subjective norm were significant variables in career adaptability of agriculture major college students. Therefore, the belief that one can plan and practice career goals and the affirmation of career plans and decisions in the vicinity are important factors in career adaptability. Second, Self-Realization and social recognition were significant variables in career decision self-efficacy of college students majoring in agriculture. In other words, it can be judged that social recognition such as honor and honor of others in a career choice has a positive effect on the career decision self-efficacy which is self-esteem in career selection. Lastly, An important variable for the subjective norms of agricultural college students was social recognition. This can be said that the positive perception of the surrounding people is very important as the value of social recognition is more important.

Modal-based mixed vibration control for uncertain piezoelectric flexible structures

  • Xu, Yalan;Qian, Yu;Chen, Jianjun;Song, Gangbing
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.229-244
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    • 2015
  • H-infinity norm relates to the maximum in the frequency response function and H-infinity control method focuses on the case that the vibration is excited at the fundamental frequency, while 2-norm relates to the output energy of systems with the input of pulses or white noises and 2-norm control method weighs the overall vibration performance of systems. The trade-off between the performance in frequency-domain and that in time-domain may be achieved by integrating two indices in the mixed vibration control method. Based on the linear fractional state space representation in the modal space for a piezoelectric flexible structure with uncertain modal parameters and un-modeled residual high-frequency modes, a mixed dynamic output feedback control design method is proposed to suppress the structural vibration. Using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, the initial populations are generated by the designing of robust control laws with different H-infinity performance indices before the robust 2-norm performance index of the closed-loop system is included in the fitness function of optimization. A flexible beam structure with a piezoelectric sensor and a piezoelectric actuator are used as the subject for numerical studies. Compared with the velocity feedback control method, the numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Analysis of the Coordination Relationship and Muscle Fatigue of Agonist and Synergist During Dumbbell Side Lateral Raise Using Biosignals (생체신호를 이용한 덤벨 사이드 레터럴 레이즈 시 주동근과 협력근의 협응 관계 및 근피로 분석)

  • Jong min Kim;Chang hyun Song;Jun won Choi ;Han Sung Kim
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 2023
  • This study aimed to analyze the coordination of muscle and muscle fatigue between biceps, lateral deltoid, and anterior deltoid during dumbbell side lateral raise using bio-signal. One male subject performed dumbbell side lateral raise with 3% of 1RM dumbbell at the rate of 30bpm until failure (8 minutes). While performing, ECG were recorded to observe the participant's performance. EMG were recorded from biceps, lateral deltoid, and anterior deltoid for observing coordination and fatigue. ECG were analyzed in time and frequency domain to observe Heart rate, normLF, normHF. Changes in heart rate, normLF, and normHF indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is activated, while changes in median frequency (MDF) indicate the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Moreover, the coordination relationship of muscle changed. The correlation of MDF between each muscles indicated that lateral deltoid is associated with biceps and anterior deltoid. These results showed that our study can contribute to improving understanding of muscle fatigue and muscle coordination relationships.

Moderating Effects of Personal Innovativeness on the Relationship between Perceived Usefulness, Subjective Norm and Intention to Use Mobile Internet (인지된 유용성과 주관적 규범이 모바일인터넷 사용 의도에 미치는 영향에 있어 개인 혁신성향의 조절효과에 대한 연구)

  • Shin, Hyun-Sik
    • The Journal of Information Systems
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.209-236
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    • 2010
  • Recently, utilization of mobile Internet services is rapidly increasing. To properly accelerate the vitalization of mobile Internet usage, we have to know exactly about the factors affecting potential users' value recognition and intention to use. Technology acceptance model (TAM) is one of the most powerful reference framework for the individual user's adoption of IT innovations. This research borrowed core concept of TAM, and tried to explain users' intention to use mobile Internet by understanding the direct and indirect effects of subjective norm and perceived usefulness. To increase the explanatory power of the model, this paper introduced personal innovativeness as a key moderator variable. The research findings include; i) subjective norm has strong positive influence on perceived usefulness and intention to use, ii) perceived usefulness has positive influence on intention to use, iii) the influence of subject norm is greater than that of perceived usefulness, iv) positive influence of subjective norm on the perceived usefulness and intention to use are significantly stronger in the case of low personal innovativeness sub-group than the case of high personal innovativeness sub-group, and v) high personal innovativeness sub-group have shown strongly positive influence of perceived usefulness on the intention to use while there is no such significant relationship in the case of low personal innovativeness sub-group. Based on these findings, this paper proposed several guidelines to increase the adoption and the usage of mobile Internet; i) word-of-mouth is extremely important, ii) to form a good word-of-mouth, it will be very important to make early adopters and heavy users have positive direct experiences of using mobile Internet.