• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.49-51
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• 2012

This study was conducted as a part of database construction for development of CO₂ assessment system for concrete to assess CO₂ emissions and analyze characteristics of blast furnace slag manufactured in Korea through life cycle assessment method. For this, life cycle CO₂ emissions assessment technique for construction materials was examined. The entire manufacturing process for blast furnace slag was analyzed on blast furnace slag manufacturer in Korea for application of assessment technique. Life cycle CO₂ assessment was performed on blast furnace slag after classifying assessment process into raw material production step, raw material transportation step and construction material manufacture step.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제34권1_2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

In this paper, it has been shown that the hairy cycle C_n ⊙ rK₁, n ≡ 3(mod4), the graph obtained by adding pendant edge to each pendant vertex of hairy cycle C_n ⊙ 1K₁, n ≡ 0(mod4), double graph of path P_n and double graph of comb P_n ⊙ 1K₁ are k-graceful.

• 공학기술논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2013

In the pyrochemcial process of spent nuclear fuel, it is necessary to separate rare earth nuclides from LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt for radioactive waste reduction. This paper presents the phosphorylation of neodymium chloride in LiCl-KCl-NdCl₃ system using Li₃PO₄-K₃PO₄ as a phosphorylation agent in a chemical reactor with pitched blade impellers. The phosphorylation test was performed changing operation temperature, stirring rate, and amount of phosphorylation agent. Neodymium chloride was effectively converted into neodymium phosphate (NdPO₄). It was confirmed that more than 99 wt% of neodymium can be separated from LiCl-KCl-NdCl₃ system using a phosphorylation method l

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.699-714
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• 2021

Supercritical CO₂ (S-CO₂) Brayton cycle has been applied to various heat sources in recent decades, owing to the characteristics of compact structure and high efficiency. Understanding the research development in this emerging research field is crucial for future study. Thus, a bibliometric approach is employed to analyze the scientific publications of S-CO₂ cycle field from 2000 to 2019. In Scopus database, there were totally 724 publications from 1378 authors and 543 institutes, which were distributed over 55 countries. Based on the software-BibExcel, these publications were analyzed from various aspects, such as major research areas, affiliations and keyword occurrence frequency. Furthermore, parameters such as citations, hot articles were also employed to evaluate the research output of productive countries, institutes and authors. The analysis showed that each paper has been cited 13.39 times averagely. United States was identified as the leading country in S-CO₂ research followed by China and South Korea. Based on the contents of publications, existing researches on S-CO₂ are briefly reviewed from the five aspects, namely application, cycle configurations and modeling, CO₂-based mixtures, system components, and experiments. Future development is suggested to accelerate the commercialization of S-CO₂ power system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.1254-1266
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• 2024

This study investigates the application of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) direct-cycle micro modular reactors (MMRs) in primary frequency control (PFC), which is a scenario characterized by significant load fluctuations that has received less attention compared to secondary load-following. Using a modified GAMMA + code and a deep neural network-based turbomachinery off-design model, the authors conducted an analysis to assess the behavior of the reactor core and fluid system under different PFC scenarios. The results indicate that the acceptable range for sudden relative electricity output (REO) fluctuations is approximately 20%p which aligns with the performance of combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) and open-cycle gas turbines (OCGTs). In S-CO₂ direct-cycle MMRs, the control of the core operates passively within the operational range by managing coolant density through inventory control. However, when PFC exceeds 35%p, system control failure is observed, suggesting the need for improved control strategies. These findings affirm the potential of S-CO₂ direct-cycle MMRs in PFC operations, representing an advancement in the management of grid fluctuations while ensuring reliable and carbon-free power generation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.723-728
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the performance of carbon dioxide cycle with a sub-cooling loop. a simulation system was developed to predict the steady state of $CO_2$ trans-critical cycle. Mathematical models are derived to describe the relationships between the system's coefficient of performance and other operating parameters The mathematical models are based entirely on the basic mass and energy conservation law and thermodynamic and transport properties of carbon dioxide A parametric study has been conducted in order to investigate the effect of sub-cooling loop and various operating conditions on the cycle performance. An optimal mass fraction of a refrigerant flowing through sub-cooling cycle existed for the given evaporating temperature, high pressure and air inlet temperature through gas cooler.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2022

In this report the thermochemical conversion of Sm₂O₃ to SmCl₃ using AlCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt at 773 K is discussed. The final product was a mixture of SmCl₃, Al₂O₃, unreacted Sm₂O₃ and AlCl₃ in the chloride melt. The electrochemical attributes of the mixture was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The crystallographic phases of the mixture were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The major chemical conversion was optimized by varying the effective parameters, such as concentrations of AlCl₃, duration of reaction and the amount of LiCl-KCl salt. The extent of conversion and qualitative assessment of efficiency of the present protocol were evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies of the mixture. Thus, a critical assessment of the thermochemical conversion efficiency was accomplished by analysing the amount of SmCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt. In the process, a conversion efficiency of 95% was achieved by doubling the stoichiometric requirement of AlCl₃ in 50 g of LiCl-KCl salt. The conversion reaction was found to be very fast as the reaction reached equilibrium in 15 min.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.577-580
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• 2021

For a finite simplicial graph 𝚪, let G(𝚪) denote the right-angled Artin group on the complement graph of 𝚪. For path graphs P_k, cycle graphs C_ℓ and complete bipartite graphs K_n,m, this article characterizes the embeddability of G(K_n,m) in G(P_k) and in G(C_ℓ).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.877-887
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• 2022

A new reactor concept is described that directly couples a supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) power cycle with a CO₂-cooled, heavy water moderated pressure tube core. This configuration attains the simplification and economic potential of past direct-cycle sCO₂ concepts, while also providing safety and power density benefits by using the moderator as a heat sink for decay heat removal. A 200 MWe design is described that heavily leverages existing commercial nuclear technologies, including reactor and moderator systems from Canadian CANDU reactors and fuels and materials from UK Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGRs). Descriptions are provided of the power cycle, nuclear island systems, reactor core, and safety systems, and the results of safety analyses are shown illustrating the ability of the design to withstand large-break loss of coolant accidents. The resulting design attains high efficiency while employing considerably fewer systems than current light water reactors and advanced reactor technologies, illustrating its economic promise. Prospects for the design are discussed, including the ability to demonstrate its technologies in a small (~20 MWe) initial system, and avenues for further improvement of the design using advanced technologies.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2022

스피넬 구조의 LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) 및 층상구조의 LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM)는 리튬이온 이차전지의 양극 활물질로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 가격이 저렴하고 안전성이 우수한 LMO와 용량이 크고 고온 수명이 유리한 NCM 양극 물질은 상호 보완적인 특성을 가지고 있어, 두 활물질을 혼합하여 특히 hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)를 포함한 중대형 전지 등에서 양극으로 채택되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 LMO와 NCM으로 구성된 복합전극을 제조할 때, 이를 단순히 혼합하여 제조한 blend 전극과 두 전극을 겹층구조로 제조한 전극의 수명특성을 비교하였다. 두 활물질의 비율을 모두 1:1로 구성하여 제조한 겹층전극은 blend 전극과 유사한 용량 및 동등한 사이클 수명을 지니고 있었다. 그리고, 완전지의 고온 사이클에서는 LMO를 먼저 코팅하고 나서 NCM을 코팅한 LN 전극이 가장 우수하였으며, NCM을 먼저 코팅하고 LMO를 다음에 코팅한 NL 전극은 표면에 LMO가 주로 위치하면서 blend 전극보다 오히려 용량퇴화가 더 빠르게 진행되었다. 또한, LSTA (linear sweep thermmametry) 분석결과에서도 LMO가 주로 전극내부에 위치한 LN 겹층전극의 열적 안정성이 보다 우수하였다.