• Title/Summary/Keyword: styela clava

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Extraction of Glycosaminoglycans from Styela clava Tunic (미더덕 껍질로부터 Glycosaminoglycans의 추출)

  • 안삼환;정성훈;강석중;정태성;최병대
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.180-185
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    • 2003
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS was extracted from sea squirt, Styela clava with sodium phosphate at 105$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr and deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid or hydrochloride. The GAGs obtained from tunic consist 41.7% crude carbohydrates, 31.8% crude protein, and 31.2% sulfate. It was mainly constituted of galactose, glucosamine, glucose, mannose, and glacrosamine. The prominent amino acid were phenylalanine, threonine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Mineral contents was mainly constituted 3.0 mg% sodium, 1.6 mg% potassium, and 1.2 mg% phosphorus. Trichloroacetic acid, hydrochloride and 5-sulfosalicylic acid were used for deprotein of the GAGs. Effective volume for deprotein of crude GAGs were 5.0% trichloroacetic acid (w/v) and 10.0% HCI (v/v) treatment. The deproteinized GAGs contained 35.1%, 35.4% of protein and 22.0%, 18.5% of sulfate, respectively.

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Extracts from Styela clava According to the Processing Methods and Solvents (가공방법 및 용매에 따른 미더덕 추출물의 항산화 및 항암효과)

  • Kim, Jin-Ju;Kim, Sun-Jung;Kim, Sun-Hee;Park, Hae-Ryong;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.278-283
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    • 2006
  • Styela clava was processed by four different kinds of method including FR (fresh S. clava), H1 (heat treated S. clava at $110^{\circ}C$ for 15 min) H2 (heat treated S. clava at $120^{\circ}C$ for 5 min), and FD (freeze dried S. clava). Each S. clava sample was treated with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water, then antioxidant and anticancer activities of the extracts were evaluated. In extracts from non-dried S. clava (FR, H1, and H2), total extract yield decreased with increasing treated temperature. The extraction yield was in the order of ethanol>methanol>water>acetone among treated solvents. In case of dried S. clava (FR), the extraction yield was lower than non-dried samples, and was in the order of methanol>ethanol>water>acetone. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of non-dried S. clava (FR, H1, and H2) was in the order of acetone>ethanol>methanol and heat treatment also decreased RSA. RSA of FD was the highest in ethanol extract, while acetone and water extracts did not show RSA. When antioxidant activity was determined by reducing power (RD), methanol extract of FR showed the highest values and heat treatment decreased RD, too. RD of FD was in the order of methanol>ethanol>water>acetone. The acetone extracts from FD showed significant anticancer activity against human colon cancer cell line HT-29. These results indicated that extraction yield and properties of extracts from S. clava were dependent on processing temperature, solvent and/or physicochemical state. The appropriate extraction process should provide some valuable bioactive materials from S. clava.

Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Parts of Styela clava (미더덕의 부위별 추출물의 항산화 활성)

  • Jung, Eun-Sil;Park, Eun-Ju;Park, Hae-Ryong;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.12
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    • pp.1674-1678
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    • 2008
  • Antioxidant activities of extracts from parts of Styela clava (Korean name: miduduk) were evaluated. Each part of S. clava-fresh (FR) or freeze dried (FD) state-was extracted by four different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water). Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by radical scavenging activity assay and reducing power assay. Radical scavenging activity was the highest in distilled water extract of FD flesh, and reducing power was the highest in acetone extract of FR flesh. These results indicate that the antioxidant property of S. clava is variable with the structural part, type of extraction solvent, and drying condition.

FREE AMINO CONTENT IN THE EXRACT OF MIDEUDUCK, STYELA CLAVA (미더덕, Styela clava, extract의 유리아미노산)

  • LEE Eung-Ho;CHUNG Seung-Yong;HA Jin-Hwan;SUNG Nak-Ju;CHO Kwon-Ok
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.177-180
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    • 1975
  • 'Mideuduck', Styele clava, has been esteemed as one of the most tasty sea foods in the south coast of Korea. The free amino acids in Mideuduck were analysed by amino acid auto-analyser. In Mideuduck extract, taurine, proline, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and serine were abundant, holding $32.8\%,\;17.6\%,\;11.9\%,\;11.2\%,\;8.9\%,\;7.1\%$ respectively of total amino acid content and followed by threonine, lysine, methionine in order. While valine, leucine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and histidine were poor ana aspartic acid, arginine and tyrosine were trace in content.

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Genetic Distances in Three Ascidian Species determined by PCR Technique

  • Yoon, Jong-Man
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.379-385
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    • 2016
  • Seven oligonucleotides primers were shown to generate the shared loci, specific loci, unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the three species which could be obviously scored. In the present study, 7 oligonucleotides primers produced 401 total loci in the Styela clava (SC) species, 390 in the Halocynthia roretzi (HR) and 434 in the Styela plicata (SP), respectively. Seven oligonucleotides primers generated 275 specific loci in the SC, 341 in the HR and 364 in the SP species, respectively. The oligonucleotides primer BION-23 generated 28 unique loci to each species in the SP species. Especially, the oligonucleotides primer BION-25 produced 7 unique loci to each species, which were identifying each species in the SP species. BION-17 distinguished 21 shared loci by the three ascidian species, major and/or minor fragments of sizes, which were identical in almost all of the samples. Based on the average bandsharing values of all samples, the similarity matrix ranged from 0.519 to 0.774 in the SC species, from 0.261 to 0.683 in the HR species and from 0.346 to 0.730 in the SP species. As regards average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from SC species ($0.661{\pm}0.081$) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from HR species ($0.555{\pm}0.074$) (P<0.05). The dendrogram obtained by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates three genetic groups. In three ascidian species, the shortest genetic distance (0.071) exhibiting significant molecular difference was also between individual no. 20 and no. 21 within the SP species.

Preparation and Characterization of Liquors Prepared with Styela clava and Styela plicata (미더덕과 오만둥이를 이용한 술의 제조 및 특성)

  • Jung, Eun-Sil;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.8
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    • pp.1038-1042
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    • 2007
  • Stycla claca (SC, miduduk in Korean) and Stycla plicata (SP, omangdungi in Korean) have been consumed as one of the most tasty seafoods in the southern coast of Korea. Liquors were prepared by soaking SC (whole, tunic, or flesh part) and SP (whole) in soju (alcohol content 30%) for 4 months, and then the characteristics were evaluated. Alcohol contents of the liquors decreased with increasing amounts of SC and SP. Antioxidant activities revealed by a radical scavenging activity showed that SC, especially flesh part, exhibited higher activity than SP in the liquors. Increasing the amount of SC and SP in liquors tended to decrease lightness and redness while increasing yellowness. In a sensory test, there was no significant difference between the liquors.

Hemaggulutinin and Hemolysin in Korean Ascidians

  • Park, Gyeong-Suk;Lee, In-Suk;Ro, Bun-Jo;Mok, Je-Won
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.107-111
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    • 1998
  • Two kinds of humoral factors were observed in 2 orders, 7 families, 10 genera, and 15 different species of Korean ascidians. They are the naturally occuring hemagglutinins and/or hemolysins against human erythrocytes A, B, and 0. All but two species showed aggregative activity, although there were considerable variations in titer. The weak agglutinating and lytic activities were increased in the presence of $Ca^{++}$. Much higher activities of agglutination and/or lysis were shown in the hemolymph than extracts from tissues, and a higher response was shown in adults than in juveniles. No distinct differences from collected locations were observed. The hemolymph of Ciona intestinalis showed a strong hemolytic (cytotoxic) and weak agglutinins capacities. In addition, hemolymph of Styela plicata and Styela clava clava also showed hemoagglutining and hemolytic activities. Botryllus tuberatus had hemagglutining and weak lytic activities. Other species showed only hemagglutining activity. These agglutining activities are probably responsible for carbohydrate recognition in solitary or colonial ascidian. The lytic activity is probably responsible for antibacterial defense and nonfusion reactions between allogeneic colonial ascidians, especially the genus of Botryllus. The occurrences of humoral factors in ascidians were independent of their geographic distributions.

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The Change in Hematological Factors of Ascidian (Styela clava) Extract Diets Fed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (미더덕 추출액을 섭취한 무지개 송어 혈액성상의 변화)

  • Jeong, U-Cheol;Lee, Jeong-Tae;Palmos, Grace N;Kang, Seok-Joong;Choi, Byeong-Dae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.9 s.89
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    • pp.1244-1247
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    • 2007
  • Effects of muscle fluid concentrates from Styela clava on fish diets were investigated in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fed on one of the isonitrogenous(48%) and isolipic(20%) feed containing 5 to 20% of muscle fluid concentrates for 8 weeks. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, glucose, total bililubin, triglyceride and glutamic pyruvate transaminase of the rainbow trout which were fed on the diets varied, but no specific trend became apparent. However, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase value was significantly higher than that of normal fishes. Therefore, concentrated ascidian fluid which is normally discarded, can be combined with commercial diets for the normal growth of rainbow trout.

Antioxidative Activity of Carotenoids in Mideodeok Styela clava

  • Nacional, Loda M.;Kang, Seok-Joong;Choi, Byeong-Dae
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2011
  • Carotenoids were found in high levels in both muscle and tunic samples, with the highest and lowest values observed in March and January, respectively. The average values in muscle (GM) and tunic (GT) harvested in Geoje were 49.1 mg/100g and 56.7 mg/100g, respectively, whereas those in muscle (TM) and tunic (TT) harvested in Tongyeong were 42.0 mg/100g and 50.2 mg/100g, respectively. The total phenol contents of the tunic were not significantly different (P < 0.05) between sampling area and month. We investigated the antioxidative activities of the carotenoids against linoleic acid peroxidation [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)] and hydroxyl radicals as well as their reducing power. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was 7.6-13.5% in GM, which is relatively weak, whereas it was 21.1-29.9% in GT, 9.6-12.4% in TM and 19.3-24.1% in TT. In comparison to ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, the carotenoids were found to have strong inhibitory effects against linoleic acid peroxidation, and exhibited strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power at 120 ${\mu}g/mL$ of each sample.