• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2023

Investment authorities are broad financial institutions that carefully manage investments on behalf of the national government using a long-term value development approach. To provide a stronger structure or framework for In-vestment Authorities to govern the distribution of funds to public and private markets, we've started research to create a blockchain-based prototype for managing and tracking numerous finances of such authorities. We have taken the case study of Oman Investment Authority (OIA) of Sultanate of Oman. Oman's wealth is held in OIA. It is an organization that oversees and utilizes the additional capital generated by oil and gas profits in public and private markets. Unlike other Omani funds, this one focus primarily on assets outside the Sultanate. The operation of the OIA entails a huge number of transactions, necessitating a high level of transparency and administration among the parties involved. Currently, OIA relies on various manuals to achieve its goals, such as the Authorities and Responsibilities manual, the In-vestment Manual, and the Code of Business Conduct, among others. In this paper, we propose a Blockchain based framework to manage the operations of OIA. Blockchain is a part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and it is re-shaping every industry. The main components of every blockchain are assets and participants. The funds are the major assets in the proposed study, and the participants are the various fund shareholders/recipients. The block-chain's transactions are all safe, secure, and immutable, and it's part of a trustless network. The transactions are simple to follow and verify. By replacing intermediary firms with smart contracts, blockchain-based solutions eliminate any middlemen in the fund allocation process.

• Journal of KIISE
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

The continuously growing internet service requirements has resulted in a multitier system structure consisting of web server and database (DB) server. In this multitier structure, the existing intrusion detection system (IDS) detects known attacks by matching misused traffic patterns or signatures. However, malicious change to the contents at DB server through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) requests at the DB server cannot be detected by the IDS at the DB server's end, since the DB server processes structured query language (SQL) without knowing the associated HTTP, while the web server cannot identify the response associated with the attacker's SQL query. To detect these types of attacks, the malicious user is tracked using knowledge on interaction between HTTP request and SQL query. However, this is a practical challenge because system's source code analysis and its application logic needs to be understood completely. In this study, we proposed a scheme to find the HTTP request associated with a given SQL query using only system log files. We first generated an HTTP request-SQL query map from system log files alone. Subsequently, the HTTP request associated with a given SQL query was identified among a set of HTTP requests using this map. Computer simulations indicated that the proposed scheme finds the HTTP request associated with a given SQL query with 94% accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

Accurate quantitative forecasting of rainfall for basins with a short response time is essential to predict streamflow and flash floods. Previously, neural networks were used to develop a Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (QPF) model that highly improved forecasting skill at specific locations in Pennsylvania, using both Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) output and rainfall and radiosonde data. The objective of this study was to improve an existing artificial neural network model and incorporate the evolving structure and frequency of intense weather systems in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States for improved flood forecasting. Besides using radiosonde and rainfall data, the model also used the satellite-derived characteristics of storm systems such as tropical cyclones, mesoscale convective complex systems and convective cloud clusters as input. The convective classification and tracking system (CCATS) was used to identify and quantify storm properties such as life time, area, eccentricity, and track. As in standard expert prediction systems, the fundamental structure of the neural network model was learned from the hydroclimatology of the relationships between weather system, rainfall production and streamflow response in the study area. The new Quantitative Flood Forecasting (QFF) model was applied to predict streamflow peaks with lead-times of 18 and 24 hours over a five year period in 4 watersheds on the leeward side of the Appalachian mountains in the mid-Atlantic region. Threat scores consistently above .6 and close to 0.8 ∼ 0.9 were obtained fur 18 hour lead-time forecasts, and skill scores of at least 4％ and up to 6％ were attained for the 24 hour lead-time forecasts. This work demonstrates that multisensor data cast into an expert information system such as neural networks, if built upon scientific understanding of regional hydrometeorology, can lead to significant gains in the forecast skill of extreme rainfall and associated floods. In particular, this study validates our hypothesis that accurate and extended flood forecast lead-times can be attained by taking into consideration the synoptic evolution of atmospheric conditions extracted from the analysis of large-area remotely sensed imagery While physically-based numerical weather prediction and river routing models cannot accurately depict complex natural non-linear processes, and thus have difficulty in simulating extreme events such as heavy rainfall and floods, data-driven approaches should be viewed as a strong alternative in operational hydrology. This is especially more pertinent at a time when the diversity of sensors in satellites and ground-based operational weather monitoring systems provide large volumes of data on a real-time basis.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

In this paper, we introduce a technique to retarget human motion data to the humanoid body in a constrained environment. We assume that the given motion data includes detailed interactions such as holding the object by hand or avoiding obstacles. In addition, we assume that the humanoid joint structure is different from the human joint structure, and the shape of the surrounding environment is different from that at the time of the original motion. Under such a condition, it is also difficult to preserve the context of the interaction shown in the original motion data, if the retargeting technique that considers only the change of the body shape. Our approach is to separate the problem into two smaller problems and solve them independently. One is to retarget motion data to a new skeleton, and the other is to preserve the context of interactions. We first retarget the given human motion data to the target humanoid body ignoring the interaction with the environment. Then, we precisely deform the shape of the environmental model to match with the humanoid motion so that the original interaction is reproduced. Finally, we set spatial constraints between the humanoid body and the environmental model, and restore the environmental model to the original shape. To demonstrate the usefulness of our method, we conducted an experiment by using the Boston Dynamic's Atlas robot. We expected that out method can help the humanoid motion tracking problem in the future.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2004

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is among the most serious insect pests of rice. It is widely distributed in Asia, Australia and Pacific islands. An earlier mitochondrial DNA study revealed that there exist significant genetic differences between populations north and south of the Red River Delta region in Vietnam. However the mitochondrial DNA was not sufficiently variable to examine the sources of immigration. For a more detailed analysis of geographic population structure of N. lugens, we developed microsatellite markers. Thirty-seven putative microsatellite loci were isolated using a magnetic biotin method, and five primer pairs designed from the flanking regions of sequenced microsatellite clones were labeled with fluorescent. Of these five primer sets, two have proven to be useful across all the samples we used in this study. We used variation at these two microsatellite loci to test the hypothesis that N. lugens biotypes (1, 2, and 3) sampled from laboratory selection constituted distinct genetic units. Allele frequency differences among the three major biotype categories were not significantly different at one locus (27035). However, the other (7314) did show differences among the major three biotypes. The methods we describe here will be useful for studying population structure of crop pest and for tracking the patterns of migratory pest like the rice planthoppers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2017

Three Korean native cattle (KNC) and seven exotic breeds (Chikso, Hanwoo, Jeju black, Holstein, Japanese black, Charolais, Angus, Hereford, Simmental, and Cross breed) were characterized by using five microsatellite (MS) markers (INRA30, TGLA325, UMN0803, UMN0905, and UMN0929) from the sex chromosome. Genetic diversity was evaluated across the 10 breeds by using the number of alleles per locus, allele frequency, heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) to search for locus and/or breed specific alleles, allowing a rapid and cost-effective identification of cattle samples, avoiding mislabeling of commercial beef. It was divided into two main groups from STRUCTURE analysis, one corresponding to KNC and the other to exotic cattle breeds. These results also showed specific genetic differences between KNC and exotic breeds. Nei's standard genetic distance was calculated and used in the construction of a neighbor-joining tree. Results evidenced a correspondence between genetic distance, breeds' history, and their geographic origin, and a clear separation between KNC and exotic breeds. Overall, this study evidenced that DNA markers can discriminate between domestic and imported beef, contributing to the knowledge on cattle breeds' genetic diversity and relationships by using MS markers of the sex chromosome. These markers would be useful for inhibitory effect about false sales and for building an effective tracking system.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2012

KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) has developed an SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) system since 2008. The name of the development program is ARGO (Accurate Ranging system for Geodetic Observation). ARGO has a wide range of applications in the satellite precise orbit determination and space geodesy research using SLR with mm-level accuracy. ARGO-M (Mobile, bistatic 10 cm transmitting/40 cm receiving telescopes) and ARGO-F (Fixed stationary, about 1 m transmitting/receiving integrated telescope) SLR systems development will be completed by 2014. In 2011, ARGO-M system integration was completed. At present ARGO-M is in the course of system calibration, functionality, and performance tests. It consists of six subsystems, OPS (Optics System), TMS (Tracking Mount System), OES (Opto-Electronic System), CDS (Container-Dome System), LAS (Laser System) and AOS (ARGO Operation System). In this paper, ARGO-M system structure and integration status are introduced and described.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.255-270
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• 2019

Aerodynamic configurations of bridge decks have significant effects on the aerostatic torsional divergence and flutter forsuper long-span bridges, which are onset for selection of suitable bridge decksfor those bridges. Based on a cable-stayed bridge with double main spans of 1500 m, considering typical twin-box, stiffening truss and closed-box section, which are the most commonly used form of bridge decks and assumed that the rigidity of those section is completely equivalent, are utilized to investigate the effects of aerodynamic configurations of bridge decks on aerodynamic instability performance comprised of the aerostatic torsional divergence and flutter, by means of wind tunnel tests and numerical calculations, including three-dimensional (3D) multimode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic analysis. Regarding the aerostatic torsional divergence, the results obtained in this study show twin-box section is the best, closed-box section the second-best, and the stiffening truss section the worst. Regarding the flutter, the flutter stability of the twin-box section is far better than that of the stiffening truss and closed-box section. Furthermore, wind-resistance design depends on the torsional divergence for the twin-box and stiffening truss section. However, there are obvious competitive relationships between the aerostatic torsional divergence and flutter for the closed-box section. Flutter occur before aerostatic instability at initial attack angle of $+3^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$, while the aerostatic torsional divergence occur before flutter at initial attack angle of $-3^{\circ}$. The twin-box section is the best in terms of both aerostatic and flutter stability among those bridge decks. Then mechanisms of aerostatic torsional divergence are revealed by tracking the cable forces synchronous with deformation of the bridge decksin the instability process. It was also found that the onset wind velocities of these bridge decks are very similar at attack angle of $-3^{\circ}$. This indicatesthat a stable triangular structure made up of the cable planes, the tower, and the bridge deck greatly improves the aerostatic stability of the structure, while the aerodynamic effects associated with the aerodynamic configurations of the bridge decks have little effects on the aerostatic stability at initial attack angle of $-3^{\circ}$. In addition, instability patterns of the bridge depend on both the initial attack angles and aerodynamic configurations of the bridge decks. This study is helpful in determining bridge decksfor super long-span bridges in future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2020

A stochastic probabilistic model for harbor structures such as rubble-mound breakwater has been formulated by using the generalized Wiener process considering the nonlinearity of damage drift and its nonlinear uncertainty, by which the damage path with real-time can be tracked, the residual useful lifetime at some age can also be analyzed properly. The formulated stochastic model can easily calculate the probability of failure with the passage of time through the probability density function of cumulative damage. In particular, the probability density functions of residual useful lifetime of the existing harbor structures can be derived, which can take into account the current age, its present damage state and the future damage process to be occurred. By using the maximum likelihood method and the least square method together, the involved parameters in the stochastic model can be estimated. In the calibration of the stochastic model presented in this paper, the present results are very well similar with the results of MCS about tracking of the damage paths as well as evaluating of the density functions of the cumulative damage and the residual useful lifetime. MTTF and MRL are also evaluated exactly. Meanwhile, the stochastic probabilistic model has been applied to the rubble-mound breakwater. The related parameters can be estimated by using the experimental data of the cumulative damages of armor units measured as a function of time. The theoretical results about the probability density function of cumulative damage and the probability of failure are very well agreed with MCS results such that the density functions of the cumulative damage tend to move to rightward and the amounts of its uncertainty are increased as the elapsed time goes on. Thus, the probabilities of failure with the elapsed time are also increased sharply. Finally, the behaviors of residual useful lifetime have been investigated with the elapsed age. It is concluded for rubble-mound breakwaters that the probability density functions of residual useful lifetime tends to have a longer tail in the right side rather than the left side because of the gradual increases of cumulative damage of armor units. Therefore, its MRLs are sharply decreased after some age. In this paper, the special attentions are paid to the relationship of MTTF and MRL and the elapsed age of the existing structure. In spite of that the sum of the elapsed age and MRL must be equal to MTTF deterministically, the large difference has been shown as the elapsed age is increased which is due to the uncertainty of cumulative damage to be occurred in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제37C권9호
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• pp.811-820
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• 2012

GNSS signal is vulnerable to jamming signal because of well-known signal structure and weak signal power. For these reasons, the need for analysis of jamming effects and anti-jamming techniques of is increasing. In this paper, a GNSS signal generator is designed which includes a radio wave propagation model for six kind of tactical environments and a body masking model for the reception environment of a vehicle. The radio wave propagation model for downtown, rural, forest, coastline, waste land and snow or ice area is designed using two-ray model. The body masking model is designed the effect which the antenna is affected by the reception environment of a vehicle and radiation pattern from a user configuration. The performance of generated signals from the GNSS signal generator considering reception environment of a vehicle is evaluated by a commercial GPS L1 receiver(NordNav) in normal and jamming environment. Also, the generated GNSS signal is compared to a commercial GPS L1 H/W based RF signal generator(STR4500). The results show that the designed GNSS signal generator in a normal environment compared to the same navigation performance. In jamming environment, it is shown that the body masking effect and GNSS signal acquisition and tracking loss in compliance with the jamming signal are precisely working in the reception environment of a vehicle.