• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.293-303
• /
• 2021

Seismic fragility functions for unreinforced masonry buildings were derived based on the incremental dynamic analysis of eight representative inelastic numerical models for application to Korea's earthquake damage estimation system. The effects of panel zones formed between piers and spandrels around openings were taken into account explicitly or implicitly regarding stiffness and inelastic deformation capacity. The site response of ground motion records measured at the rock site was used as input ground motion. Limit states were proposed based on the fraction of structural components that do not meet the required performance from the nonlinear static analysis of each model. In addition to the randomness of ground motion considered in the incremental dynamic analysis explicitly, supplementary standard deviation due to uncertainty that was not reflected in the fragility assessment procedure was added. The proposed seismic fragility functions were verified by applying them to the damage estimation of masonry buildings located around the epicenter of the 2017 Pohang earthquake and comparing the result with actual damage statistics.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2011

Due to high-speed of trains, the track deformation increases rapidly and may lead to track irregularities causing the track stability problem. To secure the track stability, the continual inspection on track irregularities is required. The paper presents a methodology for identifying track irregularity using the NARX neural network considering non-linearity in the train structural system. A simulation study has been carried out to examine the proposed method. Acceleration time history data measured at a bogie were re-sampled to every 0.25m track irregularity. In the simulation study, two sets of measured data were simulated. The second data set was obtained by a train with 10% more mass than the one for the first data set. The first set of simulated data was used to train the series-parallel mode of NARX neural network. Then, the track irregularities at the second time period are identified by using the measured acceleration data. The closeness of the identified track irregularity to the actual one is evaluated by PSD and RMSE.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.461-477
• /
• 2008

An adaptive finite element method for analyzing two-dimensional and axisymmetric nonlinear elastic fracture mechanics problems with cracks is presented. The J-integral is used as a parameter to characterize the severity of stresses and deformation near crack tips. The domain integral technique, for which all relevant quantities are integrated over any arbitrary element areas around the crack tips, is utilized as the J-integral solution scheme with 9-node degenerated crack tip elements. The solution accuracy is further improved by incorporating an error estimation procedure onto a remeshing algorithm with a solution mapping scheme to resume the analysis at a particular load level after the adaptive remeshing technique has been applied. Several benchmark problems are analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the combined domain integral technique and the adaptive finite element method.

• 자연, 터널 그리고 지하공간
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 1999

Recently, many deformations in tunnel such as crack and leakage were occulted. Specially, the defects of tunnel lining have been a serious problem in safety and stability many repair works for maintenance in tunnel have been carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the structural cracking for countermeasure in deformed tunnel and to investigate on the characteristics of lining system and the soundness of tunnel. In this study model tests for tunnel lining were carried out using test apparatus and centrifuge, In the direct loading test, the prototype was Kyungbu high-speed railway tunnel and the scale is 1/10, and lining models were made of concrete. Test conditions included load conditions such as direction, shape and type, lining conditions such as single and double lining, thickness, and reinforcement. In centrifuge model test, the prototype was Seoul subway tunnel and the scale is 1/100, and lining models were made of aluminum and hydrostone. Test conditions included tunnel defects such as thickness shortage. behind cavity and longitudinal cracks, reinforcement methods such as epoxy, grouting and carbon sheet. From these model tests , the characteristics of deformation and failure for tunnel lining were estimated, and the structural behaviors of deformed lining and the effects of repair and reinforcement for tunnel lining were researched.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제90권3호
• /
• pp.233-252
• /
• 2024

This research explores a new finite element model for the free vibration analysis of bi-directional functionally graded (BDFG) beams. The model is based on an efficient higher-order shear deformation beam theory that incorporates a trigonometric warping function for both transverse shear deformation and stress to guarantee traction-free boundary conditions without the necessity of shear correction factors. The proposed two-node beam element has three degrees of freedom per node, and the inter-element continuity is retained using both C1 and C0 continuities for kinematics variables. In addition, the mechanical properties of the (BDFG) beam vary gradually and smoothly in both the in-plane and out-of-plane beam's directions according to an exponential power-law distribution. The highly elevated performance of the developed model is shown by comparing it to conceptual frameworks and solution procedures. Detailed numerical investigations are also conducted to examine the impact of boundary conditions, the bi-directional gradient indices, and the slenderness ratio on the free vibration response of BDFG beams. The suggested finite element beam model is an excellent potential tool for the design and the mechanical behavior estimation of BDFG structures.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 전자패키지에 사용되는 솔더 재료의 점소성 물성치를 규명하였다. 이를 위해 전자패키지와 비슷한 변형을 보이는 시편을 제작하였고 모아레 간섭계를 이용하여 열사이클 하에서의 변형을 측정한 뒤 시편의 굽힘 변위와 솔더의 전단 변형률을 구하였다. 시편에 대해 점소성 유한요소해석을 실시하였고 해석 결과가 실험 결과에 일치하도록 물성치를 역으로 추정하였다. 실험에서 발생한 측정오차와 실험횟수 부족 등의 불확실성을 고려하기 위해 컴퓨터 모델 교정법을 이용하였고, 그 결과 추정된 물성치는 평균 및 신뢰구간으로 표현되었으며, 이로 인한 유한요소해석 결과도 마찬가지로 평균 및 신뢰구간으로 표현되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 보의 대변형 및 비틀림 변형을 고려한 인간동력항공기 주익 main spar 질량 최적화 과정을 소개한다. 순차적 이차 프로그래밍 기법(sequential quadratic programming)을 최적화 기법으로 선정해 구조 최적설계에 적절한 최적화 알고리즘을 수행하였다. Main spar 내부 직경, 적층 두께 등을 설계변수로 설정하였다. 목적함수에는 질량 최소화, 굽힘 변형 변위 일정, 그리고 비틀림 변형 각도 일정 등의 요소를 포함하였다. 굽힘과 비틀림 변형 계산엔 대변형 해석에 적합한 기하학적 정밀 보 모델을 도입하였으며, 기하학적 정밀 보 모델에 필요한 단면 물성은 Variational Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis(VABS) 단면 해석프로그램를 통해 계산하였다. 그 결과 main spar의 굽힘 변형 및 비틀림 변형을 최대 1.45% 이내로 유지한 채로 7.88%의 질량 감소를 이루는 최적설계를 도출하였다, 이후 응력복원 및 변형률 복원을 통해 최적설계의 구조적 안정성과 최적화 과정의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.709-721
• /
• 2019

This paper investigates the framework of vision-based dense displacement and strain measurement of miter gates with the approach for the quantitative evaluation of the expected performance. The proposed framework consists of the following steps: (i) Estimation of 3D displacement and strain from images before and after deformation (water-fill event), (ii) evaluation of the expected performance of the measurement, and (iii) selection of measurement setting with the highest expected accuracy. The framework first estimates the full-field optical flow between the images before and after water-fill event, and project the flow to the finite element (FE) model to estimate the 3D displacement and strain. Then, the expected displacement/strain estimation accuracy is evaluated at each node/element of the FE model. Finally, methods and measurement settings with the highest expected accuracy are selected to achieve the best results from the field measurement. A physics-based graphics model (PBGM) of miter gates of the Greenup Lock and Dam with the updated texturing step is used to simulate the vision-based measurements in a photo-realistic environment and evaluate the expected performance of different measurement plans (camera properties, camera placement, post-processing algorithms). The framework investigated in this paper can be used to analyze and optimize the performance of the measurement with different camera placement and post-processing steps prior to the field test.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2011

LCC 분석은 비용평가만을 위한 개별적인 방법이 아닌 가치 개선을 위해 기능평가와 상호 연계되어 이루어지는 방법이다. 점차 LCC 분석의 정확성은 높아지고 있으나 비교적 최근에 개발 적용되어진 재료나 형식들에서는 공용기간이 확보되지 않아 여전히 유지관리 이력을 추정하기가 어려워 신뢰도가 떨어진다. 이런 배경으로 본 연구는 유지관리 프로파일을 설정하기 어려운 대안들에 대해서 기능적인 증감사항이 비용과 연계되어 분석되어지는 LCC 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 최근 강상판 교면포장은 중차량과 교통량의 증가로 소성변형 등 문제점이 발생하여 기존의 포장을 대체할 수 있는 새로운 혼합물포장의 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. SMA, Guss 및 PSMA 포장을 사례로 들어 대안 간에 비교된 성능척도가 상대평가계수로써 유지관리 프로파일 항목에 포함되어 LCC 분석이 이루어졌다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.202-206
• /
• 2013

해중철도는 파도와 바람의 영향을 크게 받지 않는 해중을 통과하는 터널내에 고속열차가 운행하는 철도시스템으로 수심에 관계없이 설치할 수 있고, 모듈별 육상 제작후 해상 대조립으로 건설이 가능하기 때문에 건설비용이 획기적으로 절감될 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 해중철도의 개념설계안을 소개하고 안전성 확보를 위해 해중에서 잠수함과 충돌하는 경우를 대상으로 해중철도의 구조적 거동을 해석할 수 있는 기법을 제시하고자 한다. 탄성지지된 보이론을 활용하여 해중철도 함체의 등가 질량을 계산하고 잠수함과 완전탄성 충돌시 속도를 계산하고 에너지 보존의 원리에 따라 함체의 변형량과 최대굽힘모멘트를 계산하였다. 결과의 검증을 위해 보요소를 사용하여 충돌 유한요소해석을 실시하였고, 비교를 통해 타당성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 충돌 이론 해법은 간편하게 함체의 변형량과 최대굽힘모멘트를 계산할 수 있어 초기 설계시에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다.