• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.24
• /
• pp.3-23
• /
• 2004

It is our common understanding that the carrier is bound to deliver the goods to the consignee named in a non-negotiable straight bill of lading without its presentation. But recently Court of Appeal, Singapore, held that "where a straight bill of lading is issued it is necessary for the bill of lading to be presented by the consignee to the carrier by sea in order to obtain delivery of the goods. A straight bill of lading, just like a bill of lading to order, confers title including the right to receive the goods mentioned on the bill of lading. Only the possibility of negotiation is excluded. The carrier by sea is liable where he delivers the goods to the consignee named in the straight bill of lading without delivering the bill of lading itself."

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2013

The tractor front axle has the lower standard for noise and vibration relatively and it increase the possibility to develop of the alternative straight bevel gear of the expensive spiral bevel gear. The purpose of this paper is to compare of the spiral vs. the straight bevel gear manufacturing process. The manufacturing cost and productivity are compared after the spiral bevel gear of the tractor front axle is replaced of to the straight bevel gear. If spiral bevel gear is replaced to straight bevel gear, the cost is reduce 4.6% and productivity is increase 18%.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare cerebral motor area activation between the diagonal and straight movements of the lower extremity. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of two right-handed adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to measure brain activation following the diagonal and straight movements of the lower extremity. The primary motor area, premotor area, and supplementary motor area, which are closely related to exercise, were set as the regions of interest. Results: The brain activation by diagonal movement was an average of $1036{\pm}75$ voxel, and brain activation by straight exercise was an average of $773{\pm}55$ voxel. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that the activation of the cerebral motor area is more effective for diagonal movements than for straight movements.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2008

The harmonious lip length, residual scar and Cupid's bow width and peak with a normal side are the aims of a unilateral cleft lip repair. Also, long term amelioration without necessary of revisional surgeries may be the ideal conditions. No one method can satisfy the wide varieties of cleft lip deformities. Recently with rearrangement of paraoral muscle and some modifications, a straight line repair technique has been concerned again. Straight scar line, simplicity, and short learning curve are the advantages of the straight line technique. Here two cases of the simple straight line technique were presented and discussed for its usefulness and reliability with short reviews of previous reports.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 1995

Straight belvel gear is used mainly for steering system, final reduction and differential gear in the automobile. The more high load, high velocity driving bevel gear, the more unsafe and unpleasant. In thid study, we get a kinematic equation by modelling straight bevel gear pair with simple elastic system, the dynamic characteristic analysis about this system, we got the dynamic load factor of tooth surface. Comparing the value of dynamic load factor by calculation with the measured value of Terauchi's experimental results is similar. We think it useful to analysis the vibration and the noise of straight bevel gear in operation with the analytic method of dynamic load of straight bevel gear using in this study.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique and hold-relax technique on flexibility of hamstring in people with shortened hamstring. Methods: Thirty two subjects participated in this study. The subjects were assigned to either the Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique group (n=16) or the hold-relax technique group (n=16). 90-90 straight leg raise test was performed for evaluation of hamstring shortening at initial time of study. After intervention, immediate effect (immediately after intervention) and lasted effect (60 min after intervention) were assessed. Results: In the both Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique and hold-relax technique groups, significant improvements on flexibility of hamstring was observed in immediately and 60 minute after intervention (p<.05). However, there are no significant difference was observed between groups (p>.05). Conclusion: In the results of this study, both Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique and hold-relax technique show immediately and 60 minute after evaluation effectiveness in flexibility of hamstring of people with shortened hamstring. In addition, although the difference is not statistically significant, Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique was more increased average extension angle of knee joint at 90-90 straight leg raise test than the hold-relax technique.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2005

During normal operating conditions, a motor vehicle is constantly subjected to a variety of forces, which can adversely affect its straight-ahead motion performance. These forces can originate both from external sources such as wind and road and from on-board sources such as tires, suspension, and chassis configuration. One of the effects of these disturbances is the phenomenon of vehicle lateral-drift during straight-ahead motion. This paper examines the effects of road crown, tires, and suspension on vehicle straight-ahead motion. The results of experimental studies into the effects of these on-board and external disturbances are extremely sensitive to small changes in test conditions and are therefore difficult to guarantee repeatability. This study was therefore conducted by means of computer simulation using a full vehicle model. The purpose of this paper is to gain further understanding of the straight-ahead maneuver from simulation results, some aspects of which may not be obtainable from experimental study. This paper also aims to clarify some of the disputable arguments on the theories of vehicle straight-ahead motion found in the literature. Tire residual aligning torque, road crown angle, scrub radius and caster angle in suspension geometry, were selected as the study variables. The effects of these variables on straight-ahead motion were evaluated from the straight-ahead motion simulation results during a 100m run in free control mode. Examination of vehicle behavior during straight-ahead motion under a fixed control mode was also carried out in order to evaluate the validity of several disputable arguments on vehicle pull theory, found in the literature. Finally, qualitative comparisons between the simulation results and the test results were made to support the validity of the simulation results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.721-729
• /
• 1988

Recently, the precision required by precision manufacturing and machinery related to electronics is within the domain of submicron that it is difficult to evaluate them by traditional measuring equipments and methods. Accordingly, precision of sub 0.1.mu.m super precise position-decision-apparatus and straight-guide air bearing have been researched and they are almost ready to be used. In utilizing straight-guide-table for super-precision-measurement which used externally pressurized porous air bearing as a way of externally pressurized air bearing, the high-precision-straight movement is the most crucial. In this study, the researcher conducted the experimental study with trial manufacture to see how the surrounding temperature and support condition influenced the selection and allocation of the machine composing element which is important to the high-precision-straight movement. The researcher finding showed that when the property of the rail part and support part of the semi-closed slider form is different, the heat generation of the working motor and surrounding temperature influence the high-precision-straight movement significantly and the researcher showed the influence of the condition of central load and eccentric load to the straight movement precision when the support stand of the straight-table was supported by numerical values.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1997 no.11
• /
• pp.263-266
• /
• 1997

Three dimensional numerical model based on the finite element method(FEM) were developed to predict the mechanical behavior of hip implants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress distribution of two types of cementless total hip replacement femoral component -a straight stem and a curved stem, and to compare their effect on the stress shielding between two types by three dimensional finite element method. The authors analyzed von Mises stress in the cortex & stem and compared the stress between the straight and the curved stem. In comparison of stresses between two different design of femoral stem, there was 25% more decrease of stress in straight stem than curved stem in the medial cortex at proximal region. The straight stem had consistently much lower stresses than the curved stem throughout the whole medial cortex with maximum 70% reduction of stress. However, there was little change in stress between nature and 2 implanted femur throughout the lateral cortex. Stress of femoral stem was much higher in the straight stem than the curved stem up to 60%. The straight stem had more chance of stress shielding and a risk of fatigue fracture of the stem compared with the curved stem in noncement hip arthroplasty. In design of femoral stem still we have to consider to develop design to distribute more even stress on the proximal medial cortex.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.674-677
• /
• 2017

The Hough transform is the most representative algorithm for a straight line detection based on edge pixels. It shows excellent performance in a simple linear image but requires a considerable amount of computation in a noisy or complex image and has a problem of detecting a pseudo straight line easily. In this paper, we propose a straight line detection algorithm to solve the problem of the conventional Hough transform. The proposed algorithm detects the straight line information of edge pixels by using principal component analysis (PCA) before performing Hough transform and performs the Hough transform of the limited slope area in the valid edge pixels based on the detected straight line information of edge pixels. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the amount of computation as well as eliminates pseudo straight lines.