• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare Hip-Knee-Ankle(HKA) angle and muscle activation ratio between vastus medialis(VM), rectus femoris(RF), and vastus lateralis (VL), and by this, to examine their relationship. It is aimed to explore how the activation ratio among the muscles involved in patellofemoral kinetics would vary in relation with the frontal alignment of the lower extremity. Subjects and Methods: 26 healthy subjects were recruited for the study. The HKA angles were measured with radiograph. The VM, RF, VL muscle activation level were measured by surface electromyography while each participant performed 4 different types of movement (isometric knee extension, squat, ambulation, step-up) and VM/RF, VM/VL, RF/VL ratios were calculated. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the relationship between the HKA angle and the muscle ratio. Results: There was significant moderate correlation between HKA angle and VM: RF on the left side during ambulation (p<0.05). Moderate correlations were also observed during step-up and squat with less significance (p<0.1). Conclusion: The frontal alignment of the knee measured by the HKA angle was conditionally associated with muscle activation ratio between VM and RF (VM:RF); On the left, during ambulation, step-up, and squat, the more valgus knee tended to correlate with the more VM muscle activation ratio, which is expected to induce more stabilizing effect to the patella and its tracking. It suggests that the frontal alignement measured by the HKA-angle can affect PF kinetics. It also indicates a possibility that increase in valgus alignment of the knee, by the HKA measurement, may not act unfavorably to generate PFP.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.36-43
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• 1997

To cope with quest to improve the fuel economy and vehicle performance, Continuously Variable Transmission with Changing the speed ratio between minimum and maximum ratio by infinite step, is more efficient than conventional multi-ratio transmission. In this paper, to investigate a specific CVT shift ratio diagram and CVT shift characteristics, CVT vehicle was tested on the proving ground and chassis dynamometer. The test results are as follows; CVT can obtain the excellent vehicle performance and fuel economy changing the shift ratio by infinite step, without rapid change of engine revolution and driving force. And CVT can set up a special shift range that obtains not only the engine brake effect but also the maximum speed driving.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.40-44
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• 2017

This paper analyzed the fault current limiting characteristics of the previously proposed transformer superconducting fault current limiter (TSFCL) interruption system according to its transformer type. The TSFCL interruption system is an interruption technology that combines a TSFCL, which uses a transformer and a superconductor, and a mechanical DC circuit breaker. This technology first limits the fault current using the inductance of the transformer winding and the quench characteristics of the superconductor. The limited fault current is then interrupted by a mechanical DC circuit breaker. The magnitude of the limited fault current can be controlled by the quench resistance of the superconductor in the TSFCL and the turns ratio of the transformer. When the fault current is controlled using a superconductor, additional costs are incurred due to the cooling vessel and the length of the superconductor. When the fault current is controlled using step-up and step-down transformers, however, it is possible to control the fault current more economically than using the superconductor. The TSFCL interruption system was designed using PSCAD/EMTDC-based analysis software, and the fault current limiting characteristics according to the type of the transformer were analyzed. The turns ratios of the step-up and step-down transformers were set to 1:2 and 2:1. The results were compared with those of a transformer with a 1:1 turns ratio.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1277-1287
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• 2016

This study proposes a novel isolated high step-up galvanic converter, which is suitable for renewable energy applications and integrates a boost converter, a coupled inductor, a charge pump capacitor cell, and an LC snubber. The proposed converter comprises an input inductor and thus features a continuous input current, which extends the life of the renewable energy chip. Furthermore, the proposed converter can achieve a high voltage gain without an extremely large duty cycle and turn ratio of the coupled inductor by using the charge pump capacitor cell. The leakage inductance energy can be recycled to the output capacitor of the boost converter via the LC snubber and then transferred to the output load. As a result, the voltage spike can be suppressed to a low voltage level. Finally, the basic operating principles and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1438-1445
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• 2015

A new DC-DC power converter is researched for renewable energy and battery hybrid power supplies systems in this paper. At the charging mode, a renewable energy source provides energy to charge a battery via the proposed converter. The operating principle of the proposed converter is the same as the conventional DC-DC buck converter. At the discharging mode, the battery releases its energy to the DC bus via the proposed converter. The proposed converter is a non-isolated high step-up DC-DC converter. The coupled-inductor technique is used to achieve a high step-up voltage gain by adjusting the turns ratio. Moreover, the leakage-inductor energies of the primary and secondary windings can be recycled. Thus, the conversion efficiency can be improved. Therefore, only one power converter is utilized at the charging or discharging modes. Finally, a prototype circuit is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed converter.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2007

The modular line-connected photovoltaic PCS (power conditioning system) is proposed. The proposed system consists of a step-up DC-DC converter and a full-bridge inverter. A step-up DC-DC converter using a dual series-resonant rectifier circuit and a active-clamp circuit is proposed to achieve a high efficiency and a high input-output voltage ratio efficiently. An IncCond (incremental conductance) MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm that improves MPPT characteristic is used. By control a inverter using a linearized output current controller, a unity power factor is achieved. All algorithms and controllers are implemented on a single-chip microcontroller and the superiority of the proposed algorithms and controllers is proved by experiments.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.621-631
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• 2014

To invigorate the tapped-inductor boost (TIB) topology in emerging high step-up applications for off-grid products, a lossless snubber consisting of two capacitors and three diodes is proposed. Since the switch voltage stress is minimized in the proposed circuit, it is allowed to use a device with a lower cost, higher efficiency, and higher availability. Moreover, since the leakage inductance is fully utilized, no effort to minimize it is required. This allows for a highly productive and cost-effective design of the tapped-inductor. The proposed circuit also shows a high step-up ratio and provides relaxation of the switching loss and diode reverse-recovery. In this paper, the operation is analyzed in detail, the steady-state equation is derived, and the design considerations are discussed. Some experimental results are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed circuit.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2415-2420
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• 2002

In the present study, a new anchor design was proposed to minimize the initial deflection of micro multi-layer cantilever beam with step-up structure, which is a key component of thin film micro-mirror array. It is important to minimize the initial deflection, caused by residual stress, because it reduces the performance of the actuation. Theoretical and experimental studies were conducted to examine the cause of the initial bending deflection. It was found that the bending deflection at the anchor of the cantilever beam was the primary source of initial deflection. Various anchor designs were proposed and the initial deflections for each design were calculated by finite element analysis. The analysis results were compared with experiments. To reduce the initial deflection a secondary support was added to the conventional structure. The optimal shapes were obtained by simulation and experiment. It was found from the analysis that the ratio or horizontal and vertical dimensions of secondary support was the governing factor, which affected the initial deflection.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.436-446
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• 2016

A novel step-up DC-DC converter with a switched-coupled-inductor-capacitor (SCIC) which successfully integrates three-winding coupled inductors and switched-capacitor techniques is proposed in this paper. The primary side of the coupled inductors for the SCIC is charged by the input source, and the capacitors are charged in parallel and discharged in series by the secondary windings of the coupled inductor to achieve a high step-up voltage gain with an appropriate duty ratio. In addition, the passive lossless clamped circuits recycle the leakage energy and reduce the voltage stress on the main switch effectively, and the reverse-recovery problem of the diodes is alleviated by the leakage inductor. Thus, the efficiency can be improved. The operating principle and steady-state analyses of the converter are discussed in detail. Finally, a prototype circuit at a 50 kHz switching frequency with a 20-V input voltage, a 200-V output voltage, and a 200-W output power is built in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2001

A new high-power step-up based on the two-module parallel-input (PISO) modular dual inductor-fed push-pull converter is proposed. The proposed converter is operated at a constant duty cycle and employs and auxiliary circuit to control the output voltage with a phase-shift between two modules. It shows a high efficiency due to the greatly reduced switch turn-off stress. It also shows a high and linear voltage conversion ratio, low current stress in the output capacitor, and fast control-to-output dynamics. The operation principles and the mathematical models of the proposed converter are presented. Features of the proposed converter are discussed in comparison with the two-module PISO modular dual inductor-fed push-pull converter. Also, experimental results from a 50kHz, 800W, 350 Vdc prototype with an input voltage range of 20-32 Vdc are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed converter. The new converter compares favorably with the conventional counterpart, and is considered well siuted to high-power step-up applications.