• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1976

As a basic studies for increasing food production utilizing sandy barren lands and sandy farmlands of low productivity which distributed widely in Korea, an experiment of growing rice-plant on sandy barren land was undertaken as follows. 1. Variety, IR-667 was adopted and the growing method was a nutrient-irrigation culture which aimed to minimize percolation loss in sand with an automatic contineous supplying nutrient solution for supplmenting the sand characteristics. 2. The growth type price-plant after heading was a typical higher yield plant, that is, numerous, small, narrow, and thickend leaves, straight attitute, dense fasciculated etc. though the rooting of plant after planting was delayed because of using paddy-field grown seedling. 3. The adaptability of rice-plants on sandy land seemed to be different by varieties and IR-667 was more adaptable than ordinary Japonica varieties. 4. Even at the period of heading and maturing, the root system of rice-plant grown on sand showed vigorous growth having more activated apical portions. while, even the lower leaves showed flourished state. 5. The suppling of calcium and magnecium in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on sand made notable increase of stem number per plant, grain number per stem and yields.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2012

The study was conducted in a glasshouse to examine the possibility of producing paprika plug seedlings in a newly developed inert phenolic foam growing medium. Plug seedlings of 'Fascinato' paprika were grown in five media, Grodan rockwool (Grodan Co. Ltd., Denmark), UR rockwool (UR Co. Ltd., Korea), phenolic foam LC (Smithers Oasis Korea Co. Ltd., Korea), phenolic foam RC, and phenolic foam 3813-4 all in a pellet type. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber ($25^{\circ}C$, 90% RH, dark) for 4-5 days and then seedlings were grown in a glasshouse with nutrient solution supplied by an overhead irrigation system. Seedling growths were measured 20 days after sowing. The medium pH was the highest in the Grodan rockwool, and medium EC was the highest in phenolic foam 3813-4, although no nutritional excess disorders were observed. Germination rates of paprika were higher than 90% in all the media. Plant height, stem diameter, T/R ratio, leaf area, and chlorophyll showed a similar to those in the rockwool medium. Number of leaves, length of the longest root and dry weights of shoot were not significantly different among treatments. Overall, phenolic foam LC and RC produced seedlings with a similar growth as the rockwool medium. The results obtained suggest that rockwool can be replaced with a new material such as phenolic foam in the commercial scale production of plug seedlings of 'Fascinato' paprika.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

Lacquer tree can be proliferated by root or stem cutting, and seed. In case of proliferation by seed, however, the germination rate is very low. Thus, the present study was carried out to obtain aspceptic lacquer plant in vitro from seed because natural tissue culture was highly defiled by unknown fungi and bacteria. First seed grading on distilled water was 50.7% and second seed grading was 20.8% after 98% sulfuric acid treatment for 2 hours. Removal of inner seed coat was higher with 32.4% than non-removal of outer seed coat and removal outer seed coat in rooting rate. In germination rate according to pre-treatment, growth regulators were not effective at all, but sulfuric acid was effective a little with 3%. Removal outer seed coat was increased about 4%, that germinated about 10% in MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/L BA and 0.05mg/L NAA, 1.0mg/L BA. Lacquer tree seeds germinated after 10 days in MS medium, and aspceptic seedling of lacquer tree were obtained after 3 weeks in vitro. Germination rate, however, was lower about 10%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.465-479
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• 2010

This study was carried out to classify the regional folk plants in the inland of Gyeongsangbuk-do. According to the survey results from 582 survey sheets of 126 residents at 85 places of 17 counties and cities from March to October, 2009, the folk plants in the inland of Gyeongsangbuk-do consisted of a total 254 taxa; 76 families, 207 genera, 225 species, 2 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 1 form. The use by its usage was: 216 taxa; edible, 82 taxa; medicinal, 30 taxa; dye, 3 taxa; aroma, 4 taxa; spice, 4 taxa; ornamental, 1 taxa; fiber, 2 taxa; oil, 1 taxa; starch, 5 taxa; fuel, 9 taxa; others, respectively, so the edible use is the highest. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by stem and root. The folk plants of 3 head families from Yeongyang and Cheongsong were 42 taxa. The consistency comparison between the scientific name and the local name were the highest in the 50's and the lowest in 80's.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to find optimum ratio of $NO_3^-$ to $NH_4^+$ in nutrient solution for the growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid and find the effect of the ratio of $NO_3^-$ to $NH_4^+$ on the flower stem (inflorescence) quality. The ratio of $NO_3^-$ to $NH_4^+$ of nutrient solution used in this experiment was 100% : 0%, 90% : 10%, 80% : 20% and 70% : 30%. Phalaenopsis showed better growth when $NH_4^+$ was supplied concurrently with $NO_3^-$ as nitrogen source than supplied with only $NO_3^-$. Especially, increasing the ratio of $NH_4^+$ from 0% to 10% the fresh weight and dry weight of Phalaenopsis hybrid was highest. But, the growth of shoot and root was diminished when the proportion of $NH_4^+$ in nutrient solution was increased from 10% to 30%. Inflorescence length, the number of inflorescence and flower per plant all increased as $NH_4^+$ increased from 0% to 10% but, decreased from 10% to 30%. These results suggest that the optimal ratio of $NO_3^-$ and $NH_4^+$ in nutrient solution for the growth of Phalaenopsis including inflorescence was founded to be 90%:10%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1339-1344
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• 2010

In order to produce environmental-friendly fermented compost, a cattle manure-sawdust compost (antifungal compost) was developed by inoculation of B. licheniformis KJ-9 to cattle manure-sawdust. The thermal stability of the antifungal substance produced by B. licheniformis KJ-9 maintained more than 60% antifungal activity with heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, and the optimum pH of antifungal activity of the substance was 7.0. In a pot experiment with red pepper, the antifungal compost increased 1.5~2 times in leaf number and stem and root growth rate compared to those of commercial compost. Also, the diameter of stems increased 1.5-3 times in the antifungal compost treated group. The amount of microbes increased markedly in soil supplemented with antifungal compost compared to the control. In the field experiment for cultivation of garlic and Perilla japonica, the growth of both crops was significantly enhanced in the field treated with antifungal compost as compared to the commercial compost.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 2005

The effect of pH on the survival of R. solanacearum and its transmission via roots of tomato in hydroponic culture were studied in laboratory and greenhouse. In laboratory experiment, R. solanacearum could not survive for 24h in nutrient solution with pH of $4{\cdot}0;or\;4{\cdot}5$, while 1, 14, 51 and $62\%$ of inoculum survived at pH $5{\cdot}0,\;5{\cdot}6\;and\;6{\cdot}5$, respectively. When tomato plants were inoculated with R. solanacearum through wounds on the stems, the bacteria moved downward from the inoculation site to the roots and infectious bacteria were released from the roots into the nutrient solution. Of two pH regimes tested in greenhouse nutrient-film technique(NFT) culture, the R. solanacearum population was significantly lower in pH 5.0 than in pH 6.5 in most sampling data. In treatments in which R. solanacearum was introduced by transplanting two root-inoculated plants, significantly move plants developed wilt at pH $6{\cdot}5$(34 out of 48 plants) than at pH 5.0(11 out of 48 plants). In addition, when the bacterium was introduced by transplanting two stem-inoculated plants at pH $6{\cdot}5$, seven out of 24 plants developed wilt.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6425-6431
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• 2015

Invertase, that hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, plays a great role in carbohydrate reallocation between the photosynthetic source tissue and various sink tissues. Invertase also occurs in a variety of isoforms for various functions in plants. Insoluble invertases were extracted only in buffer solutions containing high concentrations of salt. Within these classes, acid invertase has an optimum activity at acidic pH (pH 4-5). Induction of insoluble acid invertase (INAC-INV) in leaf, stem, and root tissues in response to physical wounding has been investigated. To detect the localization of INAC-INV within the plant, immunolocalization has been performed. In this study, the accumulation of INAC-INV was noticeable to reach maximum levels on 72 hr after mechanical injuries. INAC-INV was induced in wounded leaves 3 times more than control leaves. Immunolocalization results showed that INAC-INV accumulated in wall appositions and intercellular spaces. INAC-INV was also localized at sieve cell walls in phloem tissues close to the site of wounding. Taken together, this study suggested that INAC-INV induction upon wounding injuries can play a role on responses to the high energy demand for wound healing process.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1998

Reciprocal interspecific hybrids between N. glauca(2n=24) and N. langsdorffii(2n=18) were obtained by intercrossing. One hundred percent of F$_1$ seeds was produced from intercrossing of N. glauca $\times$ N. langsdorffii, whereas the frequency of F$_1$ hybrid seed formation from N. langsdorffii $\times$ N. glauca was very low. However, all the hybrid seeds were germinated well and then grown to normal plantlets. All the plants of F$_1$ hybrids have chromosome number of interspecific hybrids (2n=21). From observation of morphological characteristic, the structure of petrol, leaf, flower, and the morphology of pollen have characteristics of F1 hybrid. Spontaneous tumors (genetic tumor) were formed from each F$_1$ hybrid; the genetic tumor arose at the reproductive phase when the maternal type of F$_1$ hybrid came from N. glauca, while the genetic tumor arose only after reproductive phase when the maternal type of F$_1$ hybrid came from N. langsdorffii. The genetic tumor actively proliferated on hormone-free medium and produced numerous teratoma shoots. In addition, normal leaf or stem explants of F$_1$ hybrid produced calli on hormone-free medium after 15 days of culture, the calli produced new numerous teratoma shoots after 30 days. The frequency of teratoma shoot formation from rnterspecific hybrid was higher in the N. glauca $\times$ N. langsdorffii than in the N. langsdorffii $\times$ N. glauca. Root development from the teratoma shoots was hardly obtained. Teratoma shoots without roots in vitro can form genetic tumor at the vegetative growth phase after tissue culture.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.265-270
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• 2005

In order to investigate the organic carbon distribution, net primary production, annual litter production, organic carbon in litter layer, soil organic carbon and soil respiration were studied in an oak forest, Kongju, Chungnam Province in Korea. Net primary production was estimated to 15.84 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. The amount of carbon allocated to leaf and reproductive organ, branch, stem and root was 1.71, 4.03, 7.34, 2.76 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ respectively. Annual litter production was 5.21 $ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, which amounted to 2.35 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. Average amount of organic carbon in litter layer (L+F) was 6.06 ton C/ha, and that of L layer decreased from winter through summer. Soil organic carbon decreased along the soil depth. Average amount of soil organic carbon in this oak forest was 165.19 ton C/ha. The amount of carbon evolved through soil respiration was 11.24 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. Net amount of 4.60 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ was absorbed from the atmosphere by this oak forest.