• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2017

Taking samples of data and using samples to make inferences about unknown populations are at the core of statistical investigations. So, an understanding of the nature of sample as statistical thinking is involved in the area of statistical literacy, since the process of a statistical investigation can turn out to be totally useless if we don't appreciate the part sampling plays. However, the conception of sampling is a scheme of interrelated ideas entailing many statistical notions such as repeatability, representativeness, randomness, variability, and distribution. This complexity makes many people, teachers as well as students, reason about statistical inference relying on their incorrect intuitions without understanding sample comprehensively. Some research investigated how the concept of a sample is understood by not only students but also teachers or preservice teachers, but we want to identify preservice secondary mathematics teachers' understanding of sample as the statistical literacy by a qualitative analysis. We designed four items which asked preservice teachers to write their understanding for sampling tasks including representativeness and variability. Then, we categorized the similar responses and compared these categories with Watson's statistical literacy hierarchy. As a result, many preservice teachers turned out to be lie in the low level of statistical literacy as they ignore contexts and critical thinking, expecially about sampling variability rather than sample representativeness. Moreover, the experience of taking statistics courses in university did not seem to make a contribution to development of their statistical literacy. These findings should be considered when design preservice teacher education program to promote statistics education.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the trend of use of statistical methods including parametric and nonparametric methods and to evaluate the use of complex statistical methodology in recent periodontal studies. Methods: This study analyzed 123 articles published in the Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science (JPIS) between 2010 and 2014. Frequencies and percentages were calculated according to the number of statistical methods used, the type of statistical method applied, and the type of statistical software used. Results: Most of the published articles considered (64.4%) used statistical methods. Since 2011, the percentage of JPIS articles using statistics has increased. On the basis of multiple counting, we found that the percentage of studies in JPIS using parametric methods was 61.1%. Further, complex statistical methods were applied in only 6 of the published studies (5.0%), and nonparametric statistical methods were applied in 77 of the published studies (38.9% of a total of 198 studies considered). Conclusions: We found an increasing trend towards the application of statistical methods and nonparametric methods in recent periodontal studies and thus, concluded that increased use of complex statistical methodology might be preferred by the researchers in the fields of study covered by JPIS.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-216
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• 2021

본 연구는 2015 개정 수학과 교육과정에 따른 <확률과 통계> 교과서의 통계적 추정 단원에서, 통계적 문제해결과정과 함께 통계적 소양이 어떻게 구현되는가를 분석하였다. 문헌 연구를 통해 통계적 소양의 성장에 기여하는 요소로서 '맥락', '변이성', '수학적·통계적 지식', '공학 도구의 활용', '비판적 태도', '의사소통'을 도출하여 통계적 문제해결과정에 따른 분석 관점을 설정하고, 이를 코드화하여 개발한 분석틀을 토대로 교과서 분석을 실시하였다. 통계적 문제해결과정의 관점에서 분석결과 '자료 분석'에 해당하는 과제가 많이 제시되어 있었고 '결과 해석', '문제 설정'과 관련한 과제가 부족하였다. 통계적 소양의 요소별 반영에 관한 분석 결과 '수학적·통계적 지식'을 요구하는 과제가 가장 많았으며, '비판적 태도', '공학 도구 활용'은 거의 다루어지지 않고 있었다. 이러한 교과서 분석결과를 바탕으로 통계적 소양의 함양 교육을 위한 교육과정 개선 및 교과서 개발에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 통계패키지와 Active Server Page(ASP)를 이용하여 통계분석을 위한 웹 컨텐츠를 개발하였다. 통계패키지는 통계비전공자에게 사용하기도 어렵고 배우기도 매우 어렵지만, 통계비전공자들은 SAS, S-plus, R 등과 같은 통계패키지에 대한 학습 없이 자료를 분석하기를 원하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 통계패키지로 많이 활용되고 있는 S-plus와 ASP를 이용하여 통계분석 웹 컨텐츠를 개발하였다. 실제 응용으로, 수질오염자료에 대하여 웹 상에서 탐색적 자료 분석, 분산분석, 시계열 분석 등과 같은 다양한 분석에 대한 웹 컨텐츠를 개발하였다. 개발된 웹 통계분석은 공무원, 연구원 등과 같은 통계 비전문가들에게 매우 유용한 도구이다. 결과적으로 웹 기반의 통계분석 컨텐츠를 통하여 인터넷으로 하여금 사용자들로 하여금 자료 분석을 쉽게 빠르게 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.323-336
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• 1998

점검표 설계상의 타당성 평가이론에 근거한 점검표 설계 단계별 타당성 평가와 점검표 사용목적에 따른 타당성 평가방법을 제안하여 한국의류학회지를 대상으로 평가이론에 입각하여 점검표의 각 단계별 타당성 평가기준을 설정하였다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

This study was done to review problems in terms of statistical description and statistical application and analysis. Methods; The authors reviewed 42 statistical clinical study papers excluding 12 Overview papers, 75 Descriptive papers, 48 Animal studies out of 177 papers in the Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry in the 5 years from 2002 to 2006. Results : 1) 3 papers(7.1%) had no description of statistical method, only P-values, 25 papaers(59.5%) had tables without description of statistical method, 1 paper (2.3%) had no description of statistical method in study method. 2) 10 papers(23.8%) contained problems in terms of statistical application and analysis. 6papers (6/23, 26.0%) for Student t-test, 2 papers(2/7 28.6%)for $X^2$- test, 1 paper(1/15 6.7%) for the analysis of variance, 1 paper(1/6 16.7%) for Pearson correlation contained statistical problems. Conclusion : It was suggested that consultation of investigators with statisticians and more extensive statistical refereeing, the form of the guidelines for description and application of statistics are needed.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.1419-1424
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 통신 채널의 오류로 인하여 통신 단말간에 서로 송수신되는 정보중에 임의의 비트가 삭제되거나 추가되어 암호 알고리즘을 사용하여 통신이 불가능해지는 경우, 이를 극복하기 위한 기법으로 Statistical CFB 방식의 암호 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저, 비트 삽입 또는 비트 삭제 발생 시 오류 전파의 영향을 수학적으로 모델링하여 이론적인 Statistical CFB 암호 알고리즘의 성능을 분석한다. 이 경우, Statistical CFB 방식의 성능을 결정하는 요소인 농기 패턴의 길이와 피프백되는 키의 길이를 변화해가며 분석하도록 한다. 또한 이론적인 분석과 함께 실제로 특정 길이의 동기 패턴과 피드백되는 키를 선택한 후, Statistical CFB 방식을 적용한 암호 알고리즘을 사용하여 성능을 분석하였다. 이를 이론적인 분석 결과와 비교하여 제안된 암호 알고리즘의 타당성을 검증한다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to indicate of problems in statistical analysis method of "The Korean Journal of oriental Medical Prescription" and we will be proposed the useful application of the statistical analysis method. Methods : In this paper, we were analysed statistical analysis methodology from published journal articles "The Korean Journal of Oriental Medical Prescription" December, year 2000 to December, year 2008. We were investigated of problems in application of structured analysis methods those journal articles that including statistical analysis techniques and analysis methods. Results : 1. A random allocation of the experimental group and control groups are important factors in the planning process of statistical analysis. However, there are less explanation those journal articles. 2. There are no consideration in specimen size that there will be considerate by the level of significance and statistical test. 3. Many article authors were confused between parametric methods and non-parametric methods that they were applied parametric statistical analysis methods although inapplicable sample size. 4. There were applied the parametric methods consists of t-test instead non-parametric methods in the comparison of average intergroup relations. 5. There were less understanding posterior analysis and were confused with t-test. Conclusion : Our goal was to outline the key methods with a brief discussion of problems(statistical analysis methods), avenues for solutions. we recommend authors to use an appropriate statistical analysis methods for obtaining a more cautions results.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2003

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of Palmuljungjiwon and Gamipalmuljungjiwon on the contents of monoamines in the regional brain of mice immobilized stress. The experimental animals were immobilized in stress cylinder(height: 15cm, diameter: 3cm) for 15 minutes, and administered of Palmuljungjiwon(1.14mg/l0g) and Gamipalmuljungjiwon(1.17mg/10g) water extract for 7 days before stress. The monoamines contents were measured by HPLC method in various part(frontal cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus) of mice brain. The following results were obtained : 1. In frontal cortex, the contents of norepinephrine a little decreased in all of the administered group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of dopamine were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in PalmulJungjiwon administered group compared to control group. 2. In hypothalamus, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in all of the administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine were decreased in all of the administered group compared to control group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. 3. In corpus striatum, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine were decreased in all of the administered group compared to control group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group 4. In hippocampus, the content of norepinephrine and dopamine a little decreased in all of the administered group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. In conclusion, this study shows that Palmuljungjiwon and Gamipalmuljungjiwon are significantly effective on reducing and preventing stress in mice.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to examine statistical methods used in articles published on the Korean Journal of Acupuncture from 2007 through 2012. Methods : Statistical methods and statistical packages used in original articles applied with descriptive statistics or inferential statistics were organized. Results : Out of a total of 195 original articles, 18 articles used descriptive statistics only and 177 articles used inferential statistics. 142 articles used 12 types of statistical packages. SPSS was used most at 97 times(63.4%). The number of descriptive statistical methods used was a total of 417 and among them 193 were presented as tables(46.3%) and 224 were presented as graphs(53.7%). The number of inferential statistics applied was a total of 256 and analysis of variance was used most at 90 times(35.2%). The number of parametric statistical methods used was a total of 170(75.6%) and that of nonparametric statistical methods used was a total of 55(24.4%). Analysis of variance and two sample t-test were most employed in both clinical and non-clinical research. The number of multiple comparison methods applied was a total of 67 and the number of Scheffe methods among them was most at 26 times(37.7%). Conclusions : In the present study, statistical methods used in the journal over the last six years were examined. The result of this study is considered to be a basic material to be referred to when evaluating the quality of the medical journal.