• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 1997

연구배경(硏究背景) 및 목적(目的): 국내(國內) 대부분(大部分)의 한방병원(韓方病院)에서 많은 수의 환자(患者)가 중풍(中風)으로 입원(入院)하고 있다. 이에 한방병원(韓方病院)을 찾고 있는 중풍환자(中風患者)에 대한 임상적(臨床的) 통계분석(統計分析)과 94年(년) 본원(本院)의 임상통계논문(臨床統計論文)과의 비교(比較), 그리고 앞으로 나아가야 할 방향(方向)등에 대해 많은 연구(硏究)가 필요(必要)할 것으로 여겨져 본 고찰(考察)을 시작(始作)하였다. 대상(對象) 및 방법(方法): 1995년 1월(月) 1일(日)부터 동년(同年) 12월(月) 31일(日) 까지 경원대학교(景園大學校) 부속(附屬) 한방병원(韓方病院) 순환기내과(循環器內科)에 Brain CT, TCD나 MRI上 뇌혈관질환자(腦血管疾患)으로 진단(診斷)받거나, 임상적(臨床的) 증상(症狀)으로 뇌졸중(腦卒中)으로 진단(診斷)받은 226예(例)를 환자(患者)를 대상(對象)으로 조사(調査)하였다. 결과(結果) 및 결론(結論): 1. 뇌졸중(腦卒中)의 종류별(種類別) 빈도(頻度)에서 뇌경색(腦梗塞)이 가장 많았으며 뇌출혈(腦出血), 일과성뇌허혈발작(一過性腦虛血發作), 지주막하출혈(蜘蛛膜下出血)의 순(順)이었다. 2. 선행질환(先行疾患)은 고혈압(高血壓)이 가장 많았으며, 당뇨(糖尿)도 많은 예(例)에서 나타났다. 3. 일반적(一般的)인 통례(通例)와는 달리 겨울보다는 봄과 여름에 많이 발생(發生), 입원(入院)하였다. 4. 입원당시(入院當時) 인식상태(認識狀態)가 좋지 않았던 환자(患者)에게서 예후불량(豫後不良)한 환자(患者)가 많이 나타났다. 5. 한(韓), 양방(洋方) 협진(協診)을 실시(實施)한 경우가 많았으며, 그 필요성(必要性)이 많이 나타났다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2022

Covid-19로 인해 비대면 수업이 지속되고 있다. 과거부터 e-러닝 수업은 있었지만 코로나로 인한 비대면 수업은 실시간 수업과 녹화수업이 결합되거나 대면과 비대면이 결합된 블랜디드(blended) 수업이라는 것이 차이점이다. 또한 전용 스튜디오가 아닌 곳에서 자가 촬영하거나 다양한 강의 플랫폼을 선택할 수 있다는 점이 특징이다. 비대면 수업의 이점은 시간과 공간을 초월하여 학습할 수 있고, 반복 시청, 학습속도를 조절할 수 있다. 녹화수업은 시간과 장소적 제약이 없지만, 실시간 수업은 시간적 제약은 있지만, 학습자와의 커뮤니케이션 효과가 높다는 장점이 있다. 비대면 수업이 대면수업이나 e-러닝과 비교하여 충분한 품질을 제공하는지를 평가하는 일은 포스트 코로나 이후에도 블렌디드 수업을 고려한다면 필요한 일이 될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 비대면 수업의 서비스 품질평가를 위해 Kano 품질속성 관점에서 학습자들이 원하는 필수속성을 도출하고 품질개선 방안을 제안하였다. 비대면 수업이 갖추어야 할 기능의 정도를 X축, 학습자의 만족도를 Y축으로 나타낸 후 23개의 품질속성을 6개로 분류하였다. 그리고 만족계수, 불만족 계수, 고객만족개선지수를 도출하였다. 학습자들의 50%가 비대면 수업에 만족했지만 선호도는 만족도 보다는 약간 높게 나타나 비대면 수업의 지속 가능성을 암시하고 있다. 고객만족개선 지수로 볼 때, 수업 품질을 개선했을 때 만족도 증가폭이 가장 큰 속성들은 학습자의 질문에 대한 교수의 신속한 답변, 교과내용을 반영한 충실한 강의 콘텐츠, 교수가 알기 쉽게 설명해 주는 것, 모바일 폰에서도 학습할 수 있는 고품질의 콘텐츠 개발, 출석체크의 공정성, 그리고 실시간 수업은 정시에 수업 시작 순이었다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제1호
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• pp.109-144
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• 2003

Orientalness is a concept that expresses the collective identity of the Orient in relation to the West. The concept itself is mutable and defined by the relationship between the two regions at different points in time. Changes in the concept depend on a number of factors, such as cultural influence, the political balance of power between the two regions, and on the interpretative scheme that defines the relationship. In addition, the geographical notion of the concept evolves culturally, socially and politically. During this process, Oriental-ness becomes Oriental-ism at times. I will attempt to survey and measure the progression of Orientalness from its emergence in early 17th century to its subsequent transformation in modern Korea as reflected in art theory and art works. The recognition of the comparative characteristics of Oriental art began when the Orient was exposed to the art of the West in the late Ming dynasty during the early 17th century. The changes in the artistic climate in China affected the late Chosun. I will start with a brief introduction of this time and the birth of Orientalness. The concept gradually changed during the period of Enlightenment(開化期) towards the end of the 19th century, and during the colonial period( 1910-1945) it took on a new form. Establishment of the concept of "Orient"as a single, unifying concept spanning across cultures and national boundaries has been attributed to late Meiji period Japan, whose intention at that time is believed to have been to build a pan-Asia(亞細亞) empire with Japan at its commanding center. It has been stressed that the real motive behind the formation of one single cultural unit, where the shared common written language was Chinese and Confucianism and Taoism were the common metaphysical traditions, was to build one political unit. When the notion of a geographical unit of Asia was replaced by the concept of Asia as a cultural and political unit, a massive growth of interest and discourse were provoked around the concept of Orientalism. When Orientalism was being formulated, Korea automatically became member of "one Asia" when the country became colonized. For Koreans, the identity of the Orient had to be defined in cultural terms, as the political notion of a nation was non-existent at that time. The definition of identity was pursued at two levels, pan-Asian and local. If Orientalism was an elite discourse centered in pan-Asian philosophical and religious tradition, localized Orientalism was a popular discourse emphasizing locality as the byproduct of natural geographic condition. After the liberation in 1945 from colonial rule, a thrust of movement arose towards political nationalism. Two types of discourses on Orientalism, elite and popular, continued as central themes in art. Despite the effort to redefine the national identity by eradicating the cultural language of the colonial past, the past was enduring well into the present time. As discussed above, even when the painting themes were selected from Korean history, the tradition of using history painting as a manifestation of political policy to glorify the local identity had its founding during the Meiji period. The elevation of folk art to the level of high art also goes back to the colonial promotion of local color and local sentiment. Again, the succession of the past (colonial) ideal was defended as the tradition assumed a distinct modern shape that was abstract in style. The concept of the "Orient" is of relative and changing nature. It was formulated in relation to Western culture or civilization. Whatever the real motive of the adoption of them had been, the superiority of the Orient was emphasized at all times. The essence of the Orient was always perceived as the metaphysical tradition as a way to downgrade Western culture as materialistic. This view still prevails and the principle of Orient was always sought in Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Even when Orientalism was employed by imperialist Japan in an effort to establish her position as the center of the Orient, the spiritual source was still in Chinese philosophy and religion. In art also, the Chinese literati tradition became the major platform for elite discourse. Orientalism was also defined locally, and the so-called local color was pursued in terms of theme and style. Thus trend continued despite the effort to eradicate the remnants of colonial culture long after liberation. These efforts are now being supported politically and also institutionalized to become the aesthetic ideal of the modern Korean art.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2014

여우는 멸종위기 1급으로 현재 국립공원관리공단에서 복원사업을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구는 여우의 기본적인 행동패턴을 파악하기 위하여 종복원기술원 중부복원센터에서 관리중인 개체들을 대상으로 2012년 5월부터 2013년 4월까지 수행하였다. 연구결과 여우의 활동 개시 시각은 평균 $16:59{\pm}01:20t$, 활동 종료 시각은 평균 $05:50{\pm}03:02t$으로 나타났으며, 수컷이 암컷보다 활동 개시 시각과 종료 시각이 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 계절별 활동 시간은 여름이 14시간 5분으로 가장 길었으며, 겨울이 10시간 11분으로 가장 짧았다. 여우의 활동은 주로 야간에 이루어졌으며, 활동 개시 시각은 일몰 시각에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 활동 종료 시각은 일출 시각과 유의적인 관계가 확인되지 않았다. 일일 채식활동 횟수는 최소 1회에서 최대 8회로, 수컷($2.40{\pm}1.66$)이 암컷($1.87{\pm}1.24$)보다 많았으며, 11월이 3.52회로 가장 높고 1월이 1.28회로 가장 낮았다. 일일 음수활동 횟수는 평균 $2.03{\pm}1.296$회로, 암컷과 수컷간의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 채식활동 빈도가 증가할수록 음수활동 빈도도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 비록 사육 상태의 개체로 이루어 졌지만, 사육 개체의 일일 사양관리, 방사 개체의 모니터링과 행동특성에 따른 서식지 관리에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2020

중앙정부는 일자리 창출을 위한 중요한 대안으로 청년 창업지원 정책을 확대하고 있다. 이에 지방정부에서도 청년창업 활성화를 위한 많은 노력에도 불구하고 창업에 다양한 애로요인이 존재한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지역 청년 창업가들이 현장에서 느끼는 실질적인 애로요인이 무엇인지를 파악하였다. 그리고 지역 청년창업의 애로 요인을 극복하기 위한 대안과 청년창업 활성화를 위한 정책적 시사점을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서 선행연구 참고, 문헌 조사, 브레인스토밍을 통해 청년창업의 애로사항에 대한 평가요인 5개 항목을 도출하고, 세부 애로요인으로 25개 항목을 도출하였다. 주요 애로 평가요인을 AHP 기법을 활용해 군산지역 청년(19~39세), 남녀, 계층별(대학생, 예비창업자, 기창업자)로 실증분석을 진행하였다. 분석결과 지역 청년들이 느끼는 창업 애로요인은 비즈니스 모델, 경영관리, 창업자금, 창업제도개선, 창업 인식개선 순으로 나타났다. 무엇보다 지역의 청년들은 창업자금보다 자신의 아이디어를 비즈니스 모델 사업화 과정에서 많은 어려움을 느끼고 있었다. 세부요인으로 시장정보획득, 기술사업화, 사업 타당성, 기술개발, 판로개척 순으로 25개 창업 애로 요인이 도출되었다. 성별 비교에서 남성은 여성보다 비즈니스 모델 사업화에서 상대적으로 높은 애로요인이었다. 반면 여성은 비즈니스 모델 애로 요인을 제외한 모든(경영관리, 창업자금, 창업 제도개선, 창업인식개선) 요인에서 남성보다 높게 나타났다. 또한, 청년 계층(대학생, 예비창업자, 기창업자)별로 창업 애로요인이 상대적으로 다르게 나타났다. 결론적으로 지역에서 청년창업 활성화를 위해서 창업자금보다 비즈니스 모델 사업화 애로요인을 적극적으로 해결할 필요가 있다는 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한 일반적인 해결책 제시가 아닌 성별, 계층별 애로요인이 다르기 때문에 맞춤형 창업지원 및 상황별 행정서비스를 전략적으로 지원해야 한다. 본 연구는 지역 청년들이 직면한 창업 애로 요인의 실질적인 우선순위와 도출방법을 제시하였고, 향후 지역 청년창업 활성화를 위한 방안과 개선점을 제시하였다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제7호
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• pp.37-64
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• 2009

The theories of Korean Public Art originated by the artists who were against dictatorship and they associated with democratic politicians. They criticized the Fine art that were supported by the dictatorship and gave their efforts for restoration of 'resistance paintings(against dictatorship)', 'proletarian painting', 'realism painting'. In addition, they participated new social ideology(democracy) movement and demonstrated for their rights in arts. These became the main kernel the public art theory was initiated. The public artists splitted into several different parts and participated in the democratic social movement as well as the art movement for freedom. They opened various art exhibitions within different genre, diverse space for various art section such as an exhibition hall, a factories, a university, or a congregation square. Furthermore, the public art theorists published their divergent views through newspaper/broadcasting or unauthorized printed materials. Most of the public artist and the theorists kept their relationship strongly until 1985, the time when 'National Arts Association' started. In 1983 and 1984, they were clearly separated into two parts; artists(move only in art museums) and activists(move in public spaces like school, convention square etc). Their ideological separation also took out national problems. The division; professional artists and armatures, became the social issue as a social stratification matter. And in creating method, there are also other conflicts; critical realism, and public realism as well as western painting and traditional one. These kinds of separation and conflicts made different Public artists associations, under divergent names; 'Reality and Speak'(R&S), 'KwangJu Art Association', 'Durung', 'Dang(Land)', and 'Local Youth Students Association'. In addition, their ideology and pursuit toward art movements were very difference. However, the differences and conflicts weakened When the oppression of democratic education from new dictatorship(Pres. Jun, Doo Hwan) came out. In August. 1985 the government opened to the public so called, 'The draft of School stabilization law'(Hankwon Anjung Bup) to control the teachers' rights and that initiated bigger street demonstration and conflicts between police and educators. In November.1985, assembly meeting of National Arts Association in democracy opened as 'ONE' combined organization. In this presentation, I'd like to summarize the stream of art movement until 1984, and clarify the main art theories that lead the Public Art Movements in 1980s. The main theories in 1980s are crucial because they become the origin of public art theories. This presentation started with O,youn's "Hyunsil Dong In the first declaration" and explained the absent of practice in 1970s. In addition, Won, Dong Suk 's theory was mentioned as all over struggles in theories before 1980s. GA and R&S 's founding declarations in 1970s were the start of public art theorists' activities and this article reported the activities after the declarations. First, realism base on the consciousness of reality. Second, practice art democratization based on the ideology. Third, the subject of public art movement based on understanding people's social stratification structure. Fourth, the matters of national forms and creative ways in arts based on showing reality. Fifth, the strong points in arts that the practitioners accepted. About the public art theories around 1984, I discussed the dividing point of public art theories that were shown in 'generation theory', 'organization theory', and 'popularization theory' by the practitioners. The public realism theory that subjects the contradiction of reality and point out the limits of critical realism not only showing the new creative ways but also giving the feeling of solidarity to the public art activist groups. After that, public art movements expressed 'Dismentlement of Capitalism' and 'Public revolution'. In addition, the direction of public art movements were established strongly. There were various opinions and views during the start and formation of the public art theories. The foundation of theorists activities derived from the practitioners who had the concept based on stratification and nationalism. The strong trend of group division spreaded out by practitioners who opened art work together in factories, universities, squares and rural areas. Now many lively active practitioners are gone to the other field not related with arts, and others join into professional art field not public art one with unknown reason. The theorists have the same situation with the practitioners. It means to me that theory always have to be based on the practice.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1001-1024
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 과학영재학교에서 AP(Advanced Placement)를 경험하고 현재 대학생이 된 39명의 영재고 졸업생들과의 심층인터뷰를 통해 영재학교에서 운영 중인 AP의 운영실제 및 그 의미를 탐색하고 2015년부터 과학고로의 전면적 확대를 앞두고 있는 AP의 향후 방향성을 모색해보고자 하였다. 현재 영재학교 학생들은 기초필수와 선택과목 등으로 평균 8과목 이상의 AP 과목을 수강하고 있었다. AP 교과목의 경우, 대개는 영재학교 2학년부터 수강이 이루어지는 것이 일반적이나 PT(placement test)를 통해 1학년 때부터 AP과목을 수강하는 경우도 있었다. AP로 제공되는 선택과목들은 전공별로 차이가 있어 수학 교과에서는 비교적 많은 전공 선택 과목이 제공되고 있으나 생물이나 전산 교과등을 이수하려는 학생들에게는 상대적으로 선택의 폭이 적었다. 본 연구에 참여한 학생들에 의하면 영재학교에서의 AP는 오히려 대학에서의 수업보다 내용상 더 어려웠으며 소수인원으로 진행되는 만큼 활발한 교사-학생 상호작용과 함께 충실하게 운영되었다. 하지만 AP 과목의 이수 인정 학점인 C+의 타당성과 관련해서는 상이한 의견이 제시되었다. 연구결과 학생들은 AP로 단축된 시간을 다양한 측면으로 활용하고 있었다. AP가 0.5년에서 1.5년의 조기졸업을 위한 통로로도 활용되어지지만, 학생들은 AP로 단축된 시간을 복수전공, 부전공, 해외 교환학생 등과 같이 다양한 기회로 활용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 남학생들의 경우 AP로 인해 단축된 시간이 있어 군복무 기간에 대해 다소 부담감을 덜 느끼는 것을 알 수 있었고, AP가 학생 개개인 관심사나 연구를 위한 시간적 여유를 제공해주기도 하였으며, 무엇보다 AP를 통해 고등학교에서 보다 진지하게 진로를 탐색하고 경험할 수 있는 유용한 시간이었다고 학생들은 지적한다. 본 연구는 과학영재학교와 과학고등학교에서 AP 과정이 성공적으로 정착하고 더욱 확대 발전하기 위해서 학교-대학 간의 보다 원활한 행정시스템 개선, AP 과목 인정 대학의 확대 등을 포함한 몇 가지 현실적 제언을 제시하고 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.603-616
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• 2007

Roy Huddle, having invented the coated particle in Harwell 1957, stated in the early 1970s that we know now everything about particles and coatings and should be going over to deal with other problems. This was on the occasion of the Dragon fuel performance information meeting London 1973: How wrong a genius be! It took until 1978 that really good particles were made in Germany, then during the Japanese HTTR production in the 1990s and finally the Chinese 2000-2001 campaign for HTR-10. Here, we present a review of history and present status. Today, good fuel is measured by different standards from the seventies: where $9*10^{-4}$ initial free heavy metal fraction was typical for early AVR carbide fuel and $3*10^{-4}$ initial free heavy metal fraction was acceptable for oxide fuel in THTR, we insist on values more than an order of magnitude below this value today. Half a percent of particle failure at the end-of-irradiation, another ancient standard, is not even acceptable today, even for the most severe accidents. While legislation and licensing has not changed, one of the reasons we insist on these improvements is the preference for passive systems rather than active controls of earlier times. After renewed HTGR interest, we are reporting about the start of new or reactivated coated particle work in several parts of the world, considering the aspects of designs/ traditional and new materials, manufacturing technologies/ quality control quality assurance, irradiation and accident performance, modeling and performance predictions, and fuel cycle aspects and spent fuel treatment. In very general terms, the coated particle should be strong, reliable, retentive, and affordable. These properties have to be quantified and will be eventually optimized for a specific application system. Results obtained so far indicate that the same particle can be used for steam cycle applications with $700-750^{\circ}C$ helium coolant gas exit, for gas turbine applications at $850-900^{\circ}C$ and for process heat/hydrogen generation applications with $950^{\circ}C$ outlet temperatures. There is a clear set of standards for modem high quality fuel in terms of low levels of heavy metal contamination, manufacture-induced particle defects during fuel body and fuel element making, irradiation/accident induced particle failures and limits on fission product release from intact particles. While gas-cooled reactor design is still open-ended with blocks for the prismatic and spherical fuel elements for the pebble-bed design, there is near worldwide agreement on high quality fuel: a $500{\mu}m$ diameter $UO_2$ kernel of 10% enrichment is surrounded by a $100{\mu}m$ thick sacrificial buffer layer to be followed by a dense inner pyrocarbon layer, a high quality silicon carbide layer of $35{\mu}m$ thickness and theoretical density and another outer pyrocarbon layer. Good performance has been demonstrated both under operational and under accident conditions, i.e. to 10% FIMA and maximum $1600^{\circ}C$ afterwards. And it is the wide-ranging demonstration experience that makes this particle superior. Recommendations are made for further work: 1. Generation of data for presently manufactured materials, e.g. SiC strength and strength distribution, PyC creep and shrinkage and many more material data sets. 2. Renewed start of irradiation and accident testing of modem coated particle fuel. 3. Analysis of existing and newly created data with a view to demonstrate satisfactory performance at burnups beyond 10% FIMA and complete fission product retention even in accidents that go beyond $1600^{\circ}C$ for a short period of time. This work should proceed at both national and international level.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.117-137
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• 2019

청년창업에서는 기회의 발견이라는 개별적 상황이 매우 중요하다. 특정한 개인 창업가에게 발생한 기회와 또한 어떠한 과정을 통해서 인식되고 평가되고 있는지가 매우 중요하다. 기회형 창업 비중은 비중이 작아 창업교육에서 비중이 작게 책정되어 있는 창업기회 역량 개발의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 특히 청년창업의 경우 기회형 창업이 절실한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 예비청년창업가 (19-39세)를 대상으로 창업효능감과 기업가지향성을 매개변수로 하여 창업동기가 창업기회역량에 미치는 영향에 관해 분석하였다. 창업정책과 교육은 청년창업사관학교 등의 제도를 통해 대부분 대학생과 청년층을 위주로 진행되고 있고, 또 이들을 대상으로 제도적 지원이 창업의지에 미치는 영향 등에 관한 연구는 활발히 진행되고 있는 반면, 청년창업가를 대상으로 한 창업동기가 복수의 매개변수가 포함된 모형에서 기회형 창업 추진에 필요한 창업기회역량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 거의 없다시피 하다. 이에 본 연구는 예비청년창업가의 창업동기가 창업기회역량에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 주로 서울시 및 경기도에 거주하는 예비청년창업가들로부터 수집한 설문지 374부를 실증분석을 실시하였다. SPSS v22.0과 Process macro v3.0을 사용한 분석결과 첫째, 창업동기가 창업기회역량의 기회인식 및 기회평가에 미치는 영향이 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 창업동기가 창업효능감에 미치는 영향 또한 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 창업효능감은 기업가지향성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 기업가지향성은 창업기회역량에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 창업동기와 창업기회인식 간에 매개변수인 기업가지향성을 경유할 때와 창업효능감과 기업가지향성을 동시에 경유할 때 유의한 간접효과가 나타났으나 창업효능감을 경유할 때는 간접효과가 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 창업동기와 창업기회평가 간에는 모든 매개변수에 대해 유의한 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 창업동기 유형에 따른 창업기회인식 배양을 위해서는 기업가정신에 대한 교육 강화와 창업기회평가 배양을 위해서는 창업효능감과 기업가정신에 대한 교육강화가 필요할 것으로 시사된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.3642-3654
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• 1975

The purpose of this thesis is to derive a unit hydrograph which may be applied to the ungaged watershed area from the relations between directly measurable unitgraph properties such as peak discharge(qp), time to peak discharge (Tp), and lag time (Lg) and watershed characteristics such as river length(L) from the given station to the upstream limits of the watershed area in km, river length from station to centroid of gravity of the watershed area in km (Lca), and main stream slope in meter per km (S). Other procedure based on routing a time-area diagram through catchment storage named Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph(IUH). Dimensionless unitgraph also analysed in brief. The basic data (1969 to 1973) used in these studies are 9 recording level gages and rating curves, 41 rain gages and pluviographs, and 40 observed unitgraphs through the 9 sub watersheds in Nak Oong River basin. The results summarized in these studies are as follows; 1. Time in hour from start of rise to peak rate (Tp) generally occured at the position of 0.3Tb (time base of hydrograph) with some indication of higher values for larger watershed. The base flow is comparelatively higher than the other small watershed area. 2. Te losses from rainfall were divided into initial loss and continuing loss. Initial loss may be defined as that portion of storm rainfall which is intercepted by vegetation, held in deppression storage or infiltrated at a high rate early in the storm and continuing loss is defined as the loss which continues at a constant rate throughout the duration of the storm after the initial loss has been satisfied. Tis continuing loss approximates the nearly constant rate of infiltration (${\Phi}$-index method). The loss rate from this analysis was estimated 50 Per cent to the rainfall excess approximately during the surface runoff occured. 3. Stream slope seems approximate, as is usual, to consider the mainstreamonly, not giving any specific consideration to tributary. It is desirable to develop a single measure of slope that is representative of the who1e stream. The mean slope of channel increment in 1 meter per 200 meters and 1 meter per 1400 meters were defined at Gazang and Jindong respectively. It is considered that the slopes are low slightly in the light of other river studies. Flood concentration rate might slightly be low in the Nak Dong river basin. 4. It found that the watershed lag (Lg, hrs) could be expressed by Lg=0.253 (L.Lca)0.4171 The product L.Lca is a measure of the size and shape of the watershed. For the logarithms, the correlation coefficient for Lg was 0.97 which defined that Lg is closely related with the watershed characteristics, L and Lca. 5. Expression for basin might be expected to take form containing theslope as {{{{ { L}_{g }=0.545 {( { L. { L}_{ca } } over { SQRT {s} } ) }^{0.346 } }}}} For the logarithms, the correlation coefficient for Lg was 0.97 which defined that Lg is closely related with the basin characteristics too. It should be needed to take care of analysis which relating to the mean slopes 6. Peak discharge per unit area of unitgraph for standard duration tr, ㎥/sec/$\textrm{km}^2$, was given by qp=10-0.52-0.0184Lg with a indication of lower values for watershed contrary to the higher lag time. For the logarithms, the correlation coefficient qp was 0.998 which defined high sign ificance. The peak discharge of the unitgraph for an area could therefore be expected to take the from Qp=qp. A(㎥/sec). 7. Using the unitgraph parameter Lg, the base length of the unitgraph, in days, was adopted as {{{{ {T}_{b } =0.73+2.073( { { L}_{g } } over {24 } )}}}} with high significant correlation coefficient, 0.92. The constant of the above equation are fixed by the procedure used to separate base flow from direct runoff. 8. The width W75 of the unitgraph at discharge equal to 75 per cent of the peak discharge, in hours and the width W50 at discharge equal to 50 Per cent of the peak discharge in hours, can be estimated from {{{{ { W}_{75 }= { 1.61} over { { q}_{b } ^{1.05 } } }}}} and {{{{ { W}_{50 }= { 2.5} over { { q}_{b } ^{1.05 } } }}}} respectively. This provides supplementary guide for sketching the unitgraph. 9. Above equations define the three factors necessary to construct the unitgraph for duration tr. For the duration tR, the lag is LgR=Lg+0.2(tR-tr) and this modified lag, LgRis used in qp and Tb It the tr happens to be equal to or close to tR, further assume qpR=qp. 10. Triangular hydrograph is a dimensionless unitgraph prepared from the 40 unitgraphs. The equation is shown as {{{{ { q}_{p } = { K.A.Q} over { { T}_{p } } }}}} or {{{{ { q}_{p } = { 0.21A.Q} over { { T}_{p } } }}}} The constant 0.21 is defined to Nak Dong River basin. 11. The base length of the time-area diagram for the IUH routing is {{{{C=0.9 {( { L. { L}_{ca } } over { SQRT { s} } ) }^{1/3 } }}}}. Correlation coefficient for C was 0.983 which defined a high significance. The base length of the T-AD was set to equal the time from the midpoint of rain fall excess to the point of contraflexure. The constant K, derived in this studies is K=8.32+0.0213 {{{{ { L} over { SQRT { s} } }}}} with correlation coefficient, 0.964. 12. In the light of the results analysed in these studies, average errors in the peak discharge of the Synthetic unitgraph, Triangular unitgraph, and IUH were estimated as 2.2, 7.7 and 6.4 per cent respectively to the peak of observed average unitgraph. Each ordinate of the Synthetic unitgraph was approached closely to the observed one.