Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Entrepreneurship Motivation on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Competence in Preliminary Young Entrepreneurs: Focusing on Mediating Effects Of Entrepreneurial Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Orientation

예비청년창업가의 창업동기가 창업기회역량에 미치는 영향: 창업효능감과 기업가지향성의 매개변수의 효과 중심으로

  • Shan, Liang (Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University) ;
  • Heo, Chul Moo (Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University)
  • 선량 (호서대학교 벤처대학원) ;
  • 허철무 (호서대학교 벤처대학원)
  • Received : 2019.01.09
  • Accepted : 2019.02.19
  • Published : 2019.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In young entrepreneurs, the individual situation of opportunity discovery is very important. It is very important that the opportunities that are created for a particular individual entrepreneur are also recognized and assessed through the process. The need for the development of entrepreneurial opportunity competencies, which have a low proportion of opportunistic entrepreneurship, is low in the entrepreneurship education. In particular, young entrepreneurs are in desperate need of opportunistic entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurship motivation on entrepreneurial opportunity competence, using entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship orientation as mediation variables for preliminary young entrepreneurs (19-39 old). In the case of young entrepreneurs, there is a tendency to study entrepreneurship policies and education through the system of youth entrepreneurship schools, mainly on college students and youths, and on the effects of institutional support on entrepreneurship. There is little research on the effect of a entrepreneurial motivation on the entrepreneurial opportunity competence needed to promote an entrepreneurial venture in a model with multiple mediators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of start - up motivation on the entrepreneurial opportunity competence. To do this we analyzed 374 questionnaires collected from preliminary young entrepreneurs in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. The results of the analysis using SPSS v22.0 and Process macro v3.0 showed that the motivation of start - up had a significant effect on both opportunity recognition and opportunity evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunity competence. Second, motivation of entrepreneurs has a significant effect on entrepreneurial efficacy. Third, entrepreneurial efficacy has a significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Fourth, entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on entrepreneurial opportunity competence. Fifth, there is a significant indirect effect between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition when passing through entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation at the same time, But indirect effects was insignificant when only entrepreneurship efficacy is passed. There is a significant indirect effect on all mediators between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial opportunity valuation. It is suggested that strengthening education on entrepreneurship is necessary to cultivate awareness of entrepreneurship opportunities and strengthening education on both entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurship is necessary to cultivate evaluation of entrepreneurship opportunities by type of entrepreneurial motivation.

청년창업에서는 기회의 발견이라는 개별적 상황이 매우 중요하다. 특정한 개인 창업가에게 발생한 기회와 또한 어떠한 과정을 통해서 인식되고 평가되고 있는지가 매우 중요하다. 기회형 창업 비중은 비중이 작아 창업교육에서 비중이 작게 책정되어 있는 창업기회 역량 개발의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 특히 청년창업의 경우 기회형 창업이 절실한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 예비청년창업가 (19-39세)를 대상으로 창업효능감과 기업가지향성을 매개변수로 하여 창업동기가 창업기회역량에 미치는 영향에 관해 분석하였다. 창업정책과 교육은 청년창업사관학교 등의 제도를 통해 대부분 대학생과 청년층을 위주로 진행되고 있고, 또 이들을 대상으로 제도적 지원이 창업의지에 미치는 영향 등에 관한 연구는 활발히 진행되고 있는 반면, 청년창업가를 대상으로 한 창업동기가 복수의 매개변수가 포함된 모형에서 기회형 창업 추진에 필요한 창업기회역량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 거의 없다시피 하다. 이에 본 연구는 예비청년창업가의 창업동기가 창업기회역량에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 주로 서울시 및 경기도에 거주하는 예비청년창업가들로부터 수집한 설문지 374부를 실증분석을 실시하였다. SPSS v22.0과 Process macro v3.0을 사용한 분석결과 첫째, 창업동기가 창업기회역량의 기회인식 및 기회평가에 미치는 영향이 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 창업동기가 창업효능감에 미치는 영향 또한 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 창업효능감은 기업가지향성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 기업가지향성은 창업기회역량에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 창업동기와 창업기회인식 간에 매개변수인 기업가지향성을 경유할 때와 창업효능감과 기업가지향성을 동시에 경유할 때 유의한 간접효과가 나타났으나 창업효능감을 경유할 때는 간접효과가 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 창업동기와 창업기회평가 간에는 모든 매개변수에 대해 유의한 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 창업동기 유형에 따른 창업기회인식 배양을 위해서는 기업가정신에 대한 교육 강화와 창업기회평가 배양을 위해서는 창업효능감과 기업가정신에 대한 교육강화가 필요할 것으로 시사된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S. K.(2016). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Institutional Support on Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurship, Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University.
  2. Ahn, T. W.(2017). (The) influence of university entrepreneurship education's creativity capacity to the career preparation behavior: the mediation effect of entrepreneurship and self-efficacy, Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University.
  3. Bahn, S. S., Bae, G. W., & Jang, S. H.(2013). The Effects of Individual Inventor's Characteristics and Environmental Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Motivation and Intention, Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 26(6), 2655-2677.
  4. Chae, Y. H.(2016). The Effect of Employability of the University Student on the Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on the Serial Multiple Mediation Effect of Self-leadership and Self-efficacy and on the Moderating Effect of Major, Doctoral dissertation, Soongsil University.
  5. Choi, M. J.(2016). (The) effect of entrepreneurship education on opportunity recognition and evaluation: a focus on the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and regulatory focus, Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University.
  6. Ha, K. S., & Yun, B. J.(2011). Recognition of Business Failure and Sucess and Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 2011(S), 85-99.
  7. Kang, J. H., & Ha, K. S.(2015). A Study of Effect of Self-Leadership by College Student on Recognition of Opportunity on Establishment of Company and Will of Establishing Company: Centered on Mediated Effect of Entrepreneurship, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(4), 1-12.
  8. Kang, S. B.(2012). Report on corporation performance influenced by entrepreneur's motive, entrepreneurship, and advanced preparation, Master's thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  9. Kang, J. H.(2016). A Study on Effect of the University Student's Self-Leadership and Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Opportunity Recognition, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  10. Kim, H. M.(2013). Study of influencing effects of one-person entrepreneur's entrepreneurship to the recognition of business establishment opportunity and business establishment will: study about regulating effects of SNS uti, Master's thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  11. Kim, S. S.(2018). A Study on the Influence of Social Support on Entrepreneurship Capability in High-Educated Baby Boomer Generations: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Founding Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurship, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  12. Kwon, T. Y.(2016). (An) empirical study of the Relationships among self-efficacy, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial performance, Master's thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  13. Lee, S. M.(2006). The Realities & Tasks of Start-up Business Education, Journal of The Korea Entrepreneurship Society, 1(1), 124-152.
  14. Lee, Y. J., & Lee, K. H.(2010). Subtypes Based on Self-Determination Theory and Career Preparation Behaviors, Journal of Korean Society for the Study of Vocational Education, 29(2), 267-287.
  15. Lee, S. H.(2014). A Study on Effect of Entrepreneur Characteristics, Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial supporting policy on Business Performance, Master's thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  16. Lim, A. R.(2015). The Effect of Youth Entrepreneurs' Competence on Entrepreneurial Behavior and Entrepreneurial Performance, Doctoral dissertation, Chosun University.
  17. Oh, S. H., & Ha, K. S.(2013). Effects on Entrepreneurial Intention by Start-up Environment and Self-efficacy Mediated by Fear of Business Failure, Journal of Digital Convergence, 11(8), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.11.143
  18. Oh, S. H.(2014). A Comparative Study of the Influence of Start-up Environments on Young Adults and Seniors' Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  19. Park, S. Y.(2003). (A) Structural Model of the Relationships between CEO's Entrepreneurship in Venture Business, the Empowerment on the Members and Organizational Effectiveness, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  20. Park, N. K.(2015). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Supporting Policy and Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intention: Considering the Moderating Effect of the Business Failure Burden and the Self-Efficacy, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  21. Park, I., Joo, J. H., & Chung, B. K.(2017). The Effects of Self-Leadership and Self-Efficacy on the Entrepreneurship Intention: Mediated Effect of Entrepreneurship and Moderated Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Participation, Journal of Korean Association of Human Resource Development, 20(3), 159-177. https://doi.org/10.24991/KJHRD.2017.09.20.3.159
  22. Park, S. H.(2017). A Study on the Effects of SME Start-up Environment, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Fear of Business Failure on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on the Moderated Effects of Government's Entrepreneurial Supporting Policy and Mediated Effects of Entrepreneurship, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  23. Yang, J. H.(2015). A Study of the Effect of Entrepreneurial Education on Entrepreneurial Motivation: Focused on Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurship, Journal of Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 16(4), 2564-2572. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.4.2564
  24. Yang, J. J., & Nam, J. H.(2015). Entrepreneurship Motivation and Entrepreneurship Education Satisfaction the Entrepreneurship Preparation Behavior, the Effect on Self-Efficacy and Food Service Entrepreneurship, Journal of Korea Academic Society of Tourism Management, 30(6), 47-66.
  25. Yun, B. J.(2012). The Influence Factors of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship Motivation on Entrepreneurship of University Students, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  26. Yun, N. S.(2012). The Effect of Potential Entrepreneurial Motivations on Entrepreneurship and Commitment to Starts-up: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship, Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 25(2), 1537-1557.
  27. Yun, J. Y., & Lee, E. J.(2013). A Study on the Effect of Perceptions of Career Barriers and Entrepreneurship on Intention and Preparation Behavior for Venture Business: Implications for training potential CEO, The Journal of Professional Management, 16(4) 61-81.
  28. Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Ray, S.(2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00068-4
  29. Barringer, B. R., & Ireland, R. D.(2011). Entrepreneurship: Successfully launching new ventures(4th ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
  30. Bird, B.(1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970
  31. Birley, S., & Westhead, P. (1994), A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their impact on firm growth and size. Journal of Business Venturing, 9, 7-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90024-8
  32. Carsrud, A., & Brannback, M.(2011). Entrepreneurship Motivations: What Do We still Need to Know?, Journal of Small Business Management. 49(1), 9-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00312.x
  33. Carsrud, A., and M. Brannback, Eds. (2009), Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind: Opening the Black Box. Heidelberg: Springer.
  34. Covin, J. G. & Slevin, D. P.(1989). Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Stategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
  35. Drucker, P. F.(1985). Purposeful Innovation and the Seven Sources for Innovative Opportunity. In Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles, Chapter 2, New York: Harper and Row: 30-36.
  36. Gibb, A. A.(2006). Entrepreneurship: Unique solutions for unique environments. Is it possible to achieve this with the existing paradigm? Paper presented at the International Council for Small Business World Conference, Melbourne Australia.
  37. Krueger, N., & Dickson, P. R.(1994). How believing in ourselves increase risk taking: Perceived self-efficasy and opportunity recognition. Decision Science, 25(3), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1994.tb01849.x
  38. Locke, E. A., & G. P. Latham(2004). What Should We Do about Motivation Theory? Six Recommendations for the Twenty-First Century, Academy of Management Review, 29, 388-403. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2004.13670974
  39. Maritz, A., & Brown, C.(2013). Enhancing entrepreneurship self-efficacy through vocational entrepreneurship education programmes. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 65(4), 543-559.
  40. Miller, D.(1983). The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Types of Firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770-791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  41. Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S.(2013). A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12023
  42. Nuttin, J. (1984), Motivation, Planning, and Action, Leuven: Leuven University Press and Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  43. Perwin, L. (2003), The Science of Personalite, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  44. Poon, R. A., Sa'Odah H., & Junit, H.(2006). Effects of self-concept traits and entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 24(1),61-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242606059779
  45. Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave, W. D., Autio, E., Cox, L., & Hay. M.(2002). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2002, Executive Report, Kansas City, MO: Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.
  46. Scheinberg, S., & MacMillan, I.(1998). An 11 country study od motivations to start a business, w: Frontiers of Enterpreneurship Research, red. BA Kirchhoff, WA Long, WE McMullan, KH Vesper, WE Wetzel, Babson College, Centre for Enterpreneurial Studies, Wellesley, Mass.
  47. Schunk, D. H.(1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational psychologist, 26(3-4), 207-231. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2603&4_2
  48. Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J.(2003). entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(03)00017-2
  49. Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., & Powell, B. C.(2014). Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions, and gender: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education longitudinally. International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 561-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.09.005
  50. MacromillEmbrain trendmonitor(2018). A Study on the Recognition of Entrepreneurship 2018: The domestic start-up market, which has a high proportion of 'livelihood start-ups', and the 'start-up' in the recession are also falling, MacromillEmbrain trendmonitor(2018). https://www.trendmonitor.co.kr/tmweb/trend/allTrend/detail.do?bIdx=1647&code=0404&trendType=CKOREA