• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.72.2-72.2
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• 1961

Since April, 1957, 200 White Leghorn and 100 Newhampshire had been brought to the poultry farm of our college from Songwhan National Breeding Station. The looses due to avian tuberculosis were 67 chickens by June, 1959. Thirteen of them were examined histopathologically. Grayish white tuberculous nodules varying in size were recognized in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and intestine of all affected birds. The heart rind testis were involved in each case, and pulmonary tuberculosis which, unlike in mammals, was kown to be rarely encountered in birds was observed in two cases. One case showed amyloid like degeneration in hepatic cell cords of the liver, glomerular tufts and collecting ducts of the kidney. Lesions in the spleen presented typical Sago spleen. Sections from the liver, spleen, intestine, and lungs were stained by Ziel-Neelsen stain. Acid Fast stained bacilli were found embeded in the cytoplasm of epithlioid cells and foreign-body giant cells.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-32
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• 1992

This study was done to know the effect of Giyuetang on the inflammatory response, contact hypersensitivity (CH), and rosette forming capacity of spleen cells. The effects of Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri on the inflammatory response were evaluated by measuring the production of such reactive oxygen intermediate(ROI) as $O_2^-$ and $H_{2}O_2$ in the peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages. The effects of Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri on the CH were evaluated by checking the ear swelling response against dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB). The administration of Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri on the mouse decreased the amount of ROI in both neutrophils and macrophages. Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri depressed CH without affecting the rosette forming capacity of spleen cells. The results of this study showed that Jiyutang with Fructus Immaturus Ponciri might have anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the amounts of ROI in the phagocytes and suppressing the CH, without affecting the rosette-forming capacity of spleen cells.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2003

To determine whether or not bisphenol A affects the Immune system, female ICR mice were treated bisphenol A (BPA) orally at the doses of 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. Four days before enumerating Plaque -forming cells (PFCs) mice were immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). The spleen cellularity and PFC/spleen were significantly reduced by 30-day exposure to BPA (1,000 mg/kg/day), but the PFC/10$\^$6/ spleen cells was slightly decreased.. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to BPA for 30 days were cultured in the presence of LPS, Con A or PHA with IL-2, the lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo was not significantly suppressed by BPA. Our present results indicated that 30-day exposure of mice to BPA might have mild immunotoxic potential.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.795-804
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• 2021

Memory T (T_M) cells play an important role in the long-term defense against pathogen reinvasion. However, it is still unclear how these cells receive the crucial signals necessary for their longevity and homeostatic turnover. To understand how T_M cells receive these signals, we infected mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and examined the expression sites of neural cadherin (N-cadherin) by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that N-cadherin was expressed in the surroundings of the white pulps of the spleen and medulla of lymph nodes (LNs). Moreover, T_M cells expressing high levels of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a ligand of N-cadherin, were co-localized with N-cadherin⁺ cells in the spleen but not in LNs. We then blocked N-cadherin in vivo to investigate whether it regulates the formation or function of T_M cells. The numbers of CD127^hiCD62L^hi T_M cells in the spleen of memory P14 chimeric mice declined when N-cadherin was blocked during the contraction phase, without functional impairment of these cells. In addition, when CD127^loKLRG1^hi T_M cells were adoptively transferred into anti-N-cadherin-treated mice compared with control mice, the number of these cells was reduced in the bone marrow and LNs, without functional loss. Taken together, our results suggest that N-cadherin participates in the development of CD127^hiCD62L^hi T_M cells and homing of CD127^loKLRG1^hi T_M cells to lymphoid organs.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2004

Objectives : To examine the effects of Gojineumja on white rats which deteriorated immunity caused by Methotrexate(MTX), first of all, MTX was fed to the rats once a day for 4 day. Methods : After the immune response of the rats are deteriorated, dried extracts of Gojineumja(GJE) mixed in water was fed to the white rats once a day for l4days. The next conclusion was made by examining the rates of B-cells and T-cells of the peripheral blood and the changes in rates of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T -cells of the blood sampled from the spleen and peripheral region. Especially the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the peripheral blood and the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the spleen the count of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of the peripheral blood and the spleen proved the significant effect of increasing immune responses statistically. Results :(1) The following are the summary of the results. (2) The percentage of B lymphocyte of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (3) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (4) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was not different statistically. (5) The percentage of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (6) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of spleen was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (7) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. (8) The percentage of CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. Conclusions : Gojineumja has an effect of increasing immune responses on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by MTX.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-107
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to develop therapeutic prescription that is more significant than existing ones through extraction method and formulation changes. Methods: Yukmijihwangtang(YMJHT) was extracted in 80% ethanol, and their relative anti-oxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation were measured. Results: Both water and ethanol extracted YMJHT showed does-dependent DPPH elimination activities. ROS inhibition activity was greater in water extracted YMJHT except for Moutan Cortex. NO inhibition assay results indicated that all groups showed higher NO inhibition activities in RAW 264.7 cells in dose dependent manner. Water extracted group showed higher NO inhibition activity than that of ethanol extracted group. TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion inhibition assay using RAW 264.7 cells, water extracted YMJHT showed higher activity than ethanol extracts. Growth rate of spleen cells was greater in all tested groups, with higher rate in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IFN-r in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was higher in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IL-10 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was highest in YMJHT-DW with 40%. Suppression of gene expression of IL-4 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A were significant with 90% or higher in all groups and that of IL-12p35 were also higher than 90% in all cases. Conclusions: From the results, it shows that YMJHT has anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation. However, the difference between YMJHT-EtOH and YMJHT-DW was not that significant. Further studies are needed to find out effective extraction methods of herbal medicine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.591-598
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• 2021

Background: Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone marrow. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a chemotherapy drug that suppresses the immune system. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) and Colla corii asini (CCA) have been traditionally used for boosting the immune system. Methods: HSCs in the bone marrow, and immune cell subtype in splenocytes, PBMCs, and thymocytes were investigated. Serum levels of hematopoietic-related markers were analyzed using ELISA. Protein expression in spleen tissue was analyzed using western blot analysis. Hematoxylin & eosin staining in the femurs of mice were also conducted. Results: The combination of KRG and CCA with a ratio of 3:2 increased HSCs, CD3 and CD8⁺ T cells in the circulation, and CD3 T cells in the spleen. A ratio of 2:3 (KRG:CCA) increased the thymic regulatory T cells and recovered the CD3 T cells in the spleen and circulation while recovering proteins in the JAK-STAT pathway in the spleen. Overall, blood cell population and differentiating factors vital for cell differentiation were also significantly recovered by all combinations especially in ratios of 3:2 and 2:3. Conclusion: A ratio of 3:2 (KRG:CCA) is the most ideal combination as it recovered the HSC population in the bone marrow of mice.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-141
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• 1994

Intracellular ions which have a major role in cellular function have been reported to affect repair of radiation damage. Recently it has been reported that ouabain sensitizes A549 tumor cellls but not CCL-120 normal cells to radiation. Ouabain inhibits the $Na^+-K^+$-pump rapidly thus it increases intracellular Na concentration, Vanadate which is distributed extensively in almost all living organisms is known to be a $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase inhibitors, This study was performed to see any change in radiosensitivity of tumor cell by vanadate and any role of $Na^+-K^+$ATPase in radiosensitization. Experiments have been carried out by pretreatment with vanadate in human cell line(A549, JMG) and mouse cell line(L1210, spleen). For the cell survival MTT assay was performed for A549 and JMC cells and frypan blue dye exclusion test for L120, and spleen cells. Measurements of $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity in control, vanadate treated cell, radiation treated cell (9 Gy for A549 and JMG, 2 Gy for L1201, spleen), and combined $10^{-6}M$ vanadate and radiation treated cells were done. The results were summerized as fellows. 1. L1210 cell was most radiosensitive, and spleen cell and JMG cell were intermediate, and A549 cell was least radiosensitive. 2. Mininum or no cytotoxicity was seen with vanadate below concentration of $10^{-6}M$. 3. In A549 cells there was a little change in radiosensitivity with treatment of vanadate. However radiation sensitization was shown in low dose level of radiation i. e. 2- Gy. In JMG cells no change in radiosensitivity was noted. Both L1210 and spleen cell had radiosensitization but change was greater in tumor cell. 4. $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity was inhibited significantly in tumor cell by treatment of vanadate. 5. Radiaiton itself inhibited $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity of tumor cell with high $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase concention. Increase in radiosensitivity by vanadate was closely associated with orginal $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase contents. From the above results vanadate had little cytotoxicity and it sensitized tumor cells to radiation. Inhibitory effect of vanadate on $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity might be one of the contributing factors for radiosensitization to tumor cells which has greater enzyme activity than that of normal cell. It was suggested vanadate could be used as a potential radiosensitizer for tumor cells.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2007

Objective : To investigate the effect of Samilshinkihwan(SISKW) on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate. Methods : The test articles were dosed once a day for 14 days by gastric gavage at a dosage 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg/10ml of SISKW from 2 days after last MTX-dosing, and changes in body weight, spleen weight, total blood leukocyte numbers, total lymphocyte numbers, B and T lymphocyte ratio, CD3+CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in the blood and spleen were measured. In addition, the serum interleukin (IL)-2 levels and the productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells were also demonstrated in this study. Results : The changes on body weight increased significantly in the 1000mg/kgof SISKW group. The changes on the spleen weight, the total blood leukocytenumbers, the total lymphocyte numbers in the blood and spleen, the ratio of T-cell in the blood and spleen and the ratio of CD3+CD4+ T-cell in spleen increased significantly in all SISKW groups as compared with the control group. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells in blood increased significantly. The serum IL-2 levels and productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg SISKW groups as compared with the control group. Conclusions : Samilshinkihwanhas an effect of increasing immune responses, especially on cellular immune responses, in white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2011

Dendritic cells have been known as a member of strong innate immune cells against infectious organelles. In this study, we evaluated the cytokine expression of splenic dendritic cells in chronic mouse toxoplasmosis by tissue cyst-forming Me49 strain and demonstrated the distribution of lymphoid dendritic cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10 increased rapidly at week 1 post-infection (PI) and peaked at week 3 PI. Serum IL-10 level followed the similar patterns. FACS analysis showed that the number of $CD8{\alpha}^+/CD11c^+$ splenic dendritic cells increased at week 1 and peaked at week 3 PI. In conclusion, mouse splenic dendritic cells showed early and rapid cytokine changes and may have important protective roles in early phases of murine toxoplasmosis.