• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.959-966
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• 2016

Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) and bacteriochlorophyll synthase (BchG) have a high degree of substrate specificity. The BchG mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, BG1 strain, is photosynthetically incompetent. When BG1 harboring chlG of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was cultured photoheterotrophically, colonies arose at a frequency of approximately 10^-8. All the suppressor mutants were determined to have the same mutational change, ChlG_I44F. The mutated enzyme ChlG_I44F showed BchG activity. Remarkably, BchG_F28I, which has the substitution of F at the corresponding 28^th residue to I, showed ChlG activity. The K_m values of ChlG_I44F and BchG_F28I for their original substrates, chlorophyllide (Chlide) a and bacteriochlorophyllide (Bchlide) a, respectively, were not affected by the mutations, but the K_m values of ChlG_I44F and BchG_F28I for the new substrates Bchlide a and Chlide a, respectively, were more than 10-fold larger than those for their original substrates, suggesting the lower affinities for new substrates. Taken together, I44 and F28 are important for the substrate specificities of ChlG and BchG, respectively. The BchG activity of ChlG_I44F and the ChlG activity of BchG_F28I further suggest that ChlG and BchG are evolutionarily related enzymes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.383-387
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• 2015

A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method was developed to authenticate the use of cat and rabbit in food and to prevent unlawful distribution of illegally butchered meat in both domestic and imported food market. Species-specific primers were designed targeting mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The sizes of PCR products were 191 bp for cat and 101 bp for rabbit, which were relatively small for better application of the detection method on processed foods. Specificities of primers were verified using 21 animal species including cat and rabbit. Limit of detection was examined by serial dilution of the sample DNA and confirmed as 0.005 ng for rabbit and 0.0005 ng for cat using Bioanalyzer. The developed duplex PCR method showed specificity and sensitivity in the identification of two target species.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9611-9614
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the clinical value in lung cancer of a combination of four serum tumor markers, haptoglobin (Hp), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as the cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). Materials and Methods: Serum Hp (with immune-turbidimetric method), CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1 (with chemiluminescence method) level were assessed in 193 patients with lung cancer, 87 patients with benign lung disease and 150 healthy controls. Differences of expression were compared among groups, and joint effects of these tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Serum tumor marker levels in patients with lung cancer were obviously higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (p<0.01). The sensitivities of Hp, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were 43.5%, 40.9%, 23.3% and 41.5%, with specificities of 90.7%, 99.2%, 97.9% and 97.9%. Four tumor markers combined together could produce a positive detection rate of 85.0%, significantly higher than that of any single test. With squamous carcinomas, the positive detection rates with Hp and CYFRA21-1 were higher than that of other markers. In the adenocarcinoma case, the positive detection rate of CEA was higher than that of other markers. For small cell carcinomas, the positive detection rate of NSE was highest. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve ($AUC^{ROC}$) of Hp in squamous carcinoma (0.805) was higher than in adenocarcinoma (0.664) and small cell carcinoma (0.665). Conclusions: Hp can be used as a new serum tumor marker for lung cancer. Combination detection of Hp, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of lung cancer, and could be useful for pathological typing.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.473-478
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• 1986

In order to elucidate the patterns of natural oils and fats assimilation by microorganisms, lipases properties of yeast and bacterium strain, Torulopsis candia Y-128 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus KB-2, which could assimilate palm oil efficiently, were investigated. T candida Y-128 attached palm oil droplets directly, and assimilated unsaturated fatty acid more easily than saturated acids liberated by the action of its lipase. Lipase of A. calcoaceticus KB-2 was extracellular and appeared quickly from the beginning of log phase of growth, whereas lipase of f candida Y-128 appealed intracellular. The lipases of two strains seem to be only enough to utilize the lipid materials for their own growth, without accumulation of lipases in the culture broth. Lipases of the strains have 1 (3-)-positional specificities on triglycerides. The patterns of palm oil assimilation showed that two strains attached droplets of lipid materials directly and split off fatty acids at 1 (3-)-position of triglycerides first, and assimilated the reaction products via fatty acids metabolic pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.393-398
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• 2015

Aptamers are composed of single-stranded oilgonucleotides that can selectively bind desired molecules. It has been reported that RNA or DNA could act as not only a genetic messenger but also a catalyst in metabolic pathways. RNA aptamers (average sizes 40-50 bp) are smaller than antibodies and have strong binding capacities to target molecules, similar to antigenantibody interactions. Once an aptamer was selected, it can be readily produced in large quantities at low cost. The objectives of this study are to screen and develop aptamers specific to oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Streptococcus mutans. The bacterial cell pellet was fixed with formaldehyde as a target molecule for the screening of aptamers. The SELEX method was used for the screening of aptamers and a modified western blot analysis was used to verify their specificities. Through SELEX, 40 kinds of aptamers were selected and the specificity of the aptamers to the bacterial cells was confirmed by modified western blot analysis. Through the SELEX method, 40 aptamers that specifically bind to oral pathogens were screened and isolated. The aptamers showed possibility as effective candidates for the detection agents of oral infections.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.911-917
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• 2009

The apoptotic caspases have been classified in accordance with their substrate specificities, as the optimal tetrapeptide recognition motifs for a variety of caspases have been determined via positional scanning substrate combinatorial library technology. Here, we focused on two proteolytic recognition motifs, DEVD and IETD, owing to their extensive use in cell death assay. Although DEVE and IETD have been generally considered to be selective for caspase-3 and -8, respectively, the proteolytic cleavage of these substrates does not display absolute specificity for a particular caspase. Thus, we attempted to monitor the cleavage preference for caspase-3, particularly using the recombinant protein substrates. For this aim, the chimeric GST:DEVD:EGFP and GST:IETD:EGFP proteins were genetically constructed by linking GST and EGFP with the linkers harboring DEVD and IETD. To our best knowledge, this work constitutes the first application for the monitoring of cleavage preference employing the recombinant protein substrates that simultaneously allow for mass and fluorescence analyses. Consequently, GST:IETD:EGFP was cleaved partially in response to caspase-3, whereas GST:DEVD:EGFP was completely proteolyzed, indicating that GST:DEVD:EGFP is a better substrate than GST:IETD:EGFP for caspase-3. Collectively, using these chimeric protein substrates, we have successfully evaluated the feasibility of the recombinant protein substrate for applicability to the monitoring of cleavage preference for caspase-3.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.330-337
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• 2018

Recently, there has been a growing interest in user-centered smart city services. In this study, user behavior analysis was performed as a preliminary study for user - centered smart city service planning. In particular, we will use GIS based location analysis data and video ethonography methodology to derive smart city service direction and needs. In this study, the area of Daejeon Design District selected as the Smart City Test bed was selected as the survey area and the location analysis data of the traffic accident analysis system of the road traffic corporation and the fixed camera We observed user's behavior type and change with image data extracted through the technique. Location analysis data is classified according to the type of accident, and image data is classified into 11 subdivided types of user activities. The problems and specificities observed were analyzed. The user behavior characteristics investigated through this study are meaningful to provide a basis for suggesting user - centered smart city services in the future.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.813-832
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• 2011

This is an analysis of three hypotheses in the fields of Technology, Innovation, and Management (TIM) analyzing the journal of Jishu Jingji (Technology Economics) which is published by the Chinese Society of Techno-economics. The Jishu Jingji journal is similar to other Chinese journals in TIM as follows: First, it's short in length. Second, there are a few references and foreign references can be counted with fingers of one hand. Third, the journal's scope is similar to others in TIM such as technolog-firm-industry. The differences are as follows: First, they have more general topics on the firm and the economy than other journals in TIM. Second, technologies covered are those of existing industries and infrastructure rather than emerging technologies and industries. Third, editors rarely submit papers to the journal. Finally, the expertise of the editors is diverse which is similar to the scope of the journal. First proposed hypothesis on journals in TIM is that journals represent country specific characteristics over field specificities, and this view is widely accepted in China. Second hypothesis is that editors are representatives of authors, but this hypothesis is rejected, at least in this journal. Third hypothesis is that the composition of editors reflects the scope of journals, and this hypothesis is generally accepted.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.17
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• pp.117-132
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the way of representing women in and which producted and released in 1972, the year of Revitalizing Reform System starts. Each films intended to construct some conventional popular codes for persuading the public. Considering this contexts, it is true there was a little difference between these two films and the national cinema which undertaken on a full scale after Revitalizing Reform System started. But we can also find that each films revealed the intention of ruling ideology suturing the opposite values resulted by the specificities of Modernizing project during the Park Chung-Hee reign using a strategy which represents women officially. These women who were wholly integrated with the official discourses would proposed a ideal stereotype which supports the Developmental mobilization regime and through this strategy the Park Chung-Hee reign wanted to construct a new group identity of women as the very proper elements of Nation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 2010

The base sequences representing human- and cow-specific 168 rRNA gene markers identified in a T-RFLP analysis were recovered from clone libraries. The human- and cow-specific primers were designed from these sequences and their specificities were analyzed with fecal DNAs from human, cow, and pig. The AllBac primer set showed positive results for all human, cow, and pig samples, whereas the human-specific primer set showed positive result only for the human sample but not for the cow or pig samples. Likewise, the cow-specific primer set showed positive results only for the cow sample but not for the human or pig samples. Real-time PCR assay with these primers was developed for the identification and quantification of fecal pollution in the river water. The human- and cow-specific markers were detected in the order of 9 $\log_{10}$ copies per gram wet feces, which were two orders of magnitude lower than those of total Bacteroidales. For the river water samples, the human-specific marker was detected in $1.7-6.2\;\log_{10}$ copies/100 ml water, which was 2.4-4.9 orders of magnitude lower than those of total Bacteroidales. There was no significant correlation between total Bacteroidales and conventional fecal indicators, but there was a high correlation between Bacteroidales and the human-specific marker. This assay could reliably identify and quantify the fecal pollution sources, enabling effective measures in the watersheds and facilitating water quality management.