• Applied Microscopy
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

The leopard danio, Danio rerio var. frankei is a spotted color morph of the zebrafish, Danio rerio caused by a pigment mutation. The structural differences of fertilized egg and egg envelope are poorly documented. To clarify this, we compared the fertilized egg morphology and ultrastructures of surface structures, the micropyle and the cross section of fertilized egg envelopes of zebrafish and leopard danio, variation species of zebrafish using a light and electron microscopes. Although the fertilized egg sizes were different, the external shapes of the fertilized eggs of two species couldn't be differentiated under the light microscope. The characteristics of fertilized eggs, such as a spherical shape, a non-adhesive quality and a large perivitelline space, were shown to be related to spawning habit. In ultrastructure of fertilized egg envelope, there is no morphological difference of micropyle between two species. By contrast, the ultrastructure and the numbers of knob-like structures and semihemisphere-like structures per unit area on the outer surface, and the number of lamellae of inner layer on the fertilized egg envelope section displayed definite species specificity. Collectively, our data indicate that the ultrastructure of fertilized egg envelope in the zebrafish could be differentiated by species variation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to develop species-specific primer sets for kimchi Lactobacillus. Known gene sequences of Lactobacillus 16S rRNA were collected from the NCBI Gene bank, and 69 primer sets were designed using the homologous gene sequence. Six species of kimchi Lactobacilli were used as reference strains: Lactobacillus brevis KCTC3102, Lactobacillus farciminis KCTC3681, Lactobacillus fermentum KCTC3112, Lactobacillus hilgardii KCTC3500, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3099, and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis KCTC3205. PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis were performed to identify the accuracy and specificity of the developed primer set. The results show that the primer set of 5'-aagcctgcgaaggcaag-3' & 5'-aggccaccggctttg-3', 5'-acatactatgcaaatctaagagattagacg-3' & 5'-actgagaatggctttaagagattagcttac-3' resulted in a specific PCR band on L. hilgardii, and primer set of 5'-ctaataccgcataacaactactttcacat-3' & 5'-aacttaataaaccgcctacattctctttac-3' on L. farciminis. The results indicate that the developed primer sets can provide a useful tool for the identification and differentiation of L. hilgardii and L. farciminis from other Lactobacillus species of kimchi.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2011

Objective : For the standardization and quality control of eleutheroside E in Eleutherococcus species, HPLC analysis was performed and eleutherosdie E content was compared in 23 kinds of Eleutherococcus species collected from Korea and China. Methods : The content of eleutheroside E in stem bark of Eleutherococcus species collected from Korea and China were analyzed by HPLC. 0.5% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile was used as mobile solvent. Validation of HPLC analysis method was confirmed by analyzing specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy following ICH guideline. Results : Content of eleutheroside E was determined to be 1.0-1.6% and 0.5-0.8% in Korean and Chinese E. senticosus, respectively. Content of eleutheroside E in E. sessiliflorus was 0.7-1.1% and 0.2-0.4% respectively in Korean and Chinese origin. All calibration curves showed good linear regression. The method showed good precision and accuracy with intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.880-3.442% (RSD) and 0.606-3.328% (RSD), respectively, and average recovery was of 0.141-1.363% (RSD), for the eleutheroside E analyzed. Conclusion : These results might be used to establish a criterion of eleutheroside E in Eleutherococcus species.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop species-specific PCR primers for use in the identification and detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. These primers target variable regions of the 168 ribosomal RNA coding gene (rDNA). We assessed the specificity of the primers against 9 A. actinomycetemcomitans strains and 11 strains (3 species) of the Haemophilus genus. Primer sensitivity was determined by testing serial dilutions of the purified genomic DNAs of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC$ 33384^$T Our obtained data revealed that we had obtained species-specific amplicons for all of the tested A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, and that none of these amplicons occurred in any of the other species. Our PCR protocol proved able to detect as little as 4 fg of A. actinomycetemcomitans chromosomal DNA. Our findings suggest that these PCR primers are incredibly sensitive, and should prove suitable for application in epidemiological studies, as well as the diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal pathogens after treatment for periodontitis.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2017

The genus Peronospora, an obligate biotrophic group belonging to Oomycota, causes serious damage to a variety of wild and ornamental plants, as well as cultivated crops, such as beet, rose, spinach, and tobacco. To investigate the diversity of Peronospora species parasitic to Stellaria and Pseudostellaria (Caryophyllaceae) plants in Korea, we performed a morphological analysis on dried herbarium specimens and molecular phylogenetic inferences based on internal transcribed spacer rDNA and cox2 mitochondrial DNA sequences. As a result, it was confirmed that there are four species of Peronospora parasitic to specific species of Stellaria and Pseudostellaria, all of which were hitherto unrecorded in Korea: P. alsinearum (ex Stellaria media), P. stellariae-aquaticae (ex Stellaria aquatica), P. stellariae-uliginosae (ex Stellaria alsine), and P. pseudostellariae (ex Pseudostellaria palibiniana). In addition, Peronospora specimens parasitic to Pseudostellaria davidii differed morphologically from P. pseudostellariae owing to the large and ellipsoidal conidia; this morphological discrepancy was also validated by the high genetic divergence between the two species. Peronospora casparyi sp. nov. is described and illustrated here.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2010

Fusarium species, a large group of plant pathogens, potentially pose quarantine concerns worldwide. Here, we focus on the development of a method for detecting four Fusarium species in quarantined plants in Korea: F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, F. stilboides, F. redolens, and F. semitectum var. majus. Species-specific primers were designed from the nucleotide sequences of either the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1) gene or RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene. Two different primer sets derived from TEF1, all specific to F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, were able to differentiate the two races (1 and 2) of this species. A set of nested primers for each race was designed to confirm the PCR results. Similarly, two primer sets derived from RPB2 successfully amplified specific fragments from five F. stilboides isolates grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. A specific TEF1 primer set amplified a DNA fragment from only four of the 12 F. redolens strains examined, which were grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. All of the F. semitectum var. majus isolates could be specifically detected with a single RPB2 primer set. The specificity of the primer sets developed here was confirmed using a total of 130 Fusarium isolates.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

2000년 6월부터 2001년 10월까지 식재지별로 외생균근성 버섯을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 조사기간 동안 총 3강 3아강 8목 22과 41속 72종 (2변종 포함)의 버섯이 조사되었다. 버섯은 주름버섯목에 9과 21속 48종, 민주름버섯목에 5과 11속 13종, 이형담자균강에 3과 3속 4종, 복균아강에 5과 6속 7종이었다. 외생균근성 버섯은 총 7과 11곡 30종 2,451개체가 조사되었다. 버섯 개체수는 색시졸각버섯(1,225) 긴골광대버섯아재비(179), 자주졸각버섯(130)의 순으로 조사되었다. 외생균근성 버섯 발생은 기후환경요인과 밀접한 관계가 있는 7월과 8월에 집중하였다. 외생균근성 버섯의 종수 및 개체수 분포는 조사구별로 큰 차이가 있었으며, 이는 각 조사구별 입지환경 및 기주 수종 구성 등의 차이 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. 색시졸각버섯은 참나무속에서만 발생하여 기주선택성이 매우 좁고, 긴골광대버섯아재비, 수원무당버섯, 땀버섯속은 침엽수 및 활엽수 모두에서 버섯이 발생되어 기주선택성이 넓은 것으로 나타났다. 외생균근성 버섯의 분포에 영향을 주는 환경은 토양환경 중 토양 pH, 유기물함량 및 전질소함량과 기후환경인 상대습도가 중요한 인자로 나타났다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

Rotifer와 병든 넙치 자어로부터 분리된 2개의 균주는 표현형적인 특성 확인 결과 Vibrio ichthyoenteri로 확인이 되었다. V. ichthyoenteri를 검출하기 위래 고감도 PCR 방법 개발을 하기 위래 V. ichthyoenteri 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region(ISR)을 분석하였고, V. ichthyoenteri중 특이적 primer를 개발하였다. V. ichthyoenteri 의 ISR를 분석한 결과 1개의 다형성 ISR type서열을 포함하고 있었다. ISR서열은 길이는 348bp이며 tRNA gene을 가지고 있지 않았다. 이 서열을 가지고 이미 알려진 다른 Vibrio 종의 ISR 서열과 mutiple alignment를 수행한 결과 여러 영역에서 높은 가변성을 나타내어 가변 부위를 표적으로 하여 V. ichthyoenteri를 검출하기 위한 종 특이적 primer를 제작하였다. 제작된 primer의 특이성을 확인하기 위해 Vibrio 표준균주 19종의 genomic DNA와 분리균주 18 group에 genomic DNA 그리고 V. ichthyoenteri와 가장 유사한 서열을 가지고 있다고 알려진 Vibrio 종의 genomic DNA를 가지고 시험하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 제작된 종 특이적 primer를가지고 PCR 반응을 하면 V. ichthyoenteri를 검출 할 수가 있다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.136-159
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of six islands belonging to the Gogunsan Archipelago (i.e., Sinsi-do, Seonyu-do, Munyeo-do, Yami-do, Bian-do, and Duri-do) in the Korean Peninsula. As results of five field surveys from March to October of 2016, we have identified 575 total taxa, representing 527 species, five subspecies, 42 varieties, and one hybrid, placed in 358 genera and 118 families. Of these 575 taxa, four are endemic to Korea, six taxa are listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 67 are floristic regional indicator plants, and 74 are invasive alien species. In this study, we compared species richness among the islands, and find that the larger the islands, the higher the species richness. In the case of habitat affinity types, forest species were most common, followed by farmland, seacoast, bare ground and wetland species. From similarity analyses based on the composition of vascular plants, each island did not exhibit either local specificity or unique diversity. On the contrary, the proportion of invasive alien and ruderal species may increase by human activities. Investigations and analyses of island flora such as this are important to assess the current status of the flora, predict future vegetation patterns and the spread of the alien species, and establish managment plans of plant diversity.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1987

Previous studies have been performed for the sero-identification of selected species of Bacteroides by immunofluorescence antibody techniques and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using species-specific rabbit antisera to B. gingivalis, B. intermedius, and B. melaninogenicus. However, these studies have not commented on the serological cross-reactivity between these 3 species of black- pigmented Bacteroides. For the cross-reactivity study, antisera to B. gingivalis ATCC 33277, B. intermedius ATC C25261 and B. asaccharolyticus ATCC 25260 were raised from rabbits. Preliminary study for observing the cross-reactivity between these species was performed by indirect immunoflourescence technique. Immunoabsorption of the antisera was done with bacterial cells from the other species and the species-specificity of the antisera was conformed by the absence of reactivity with bacterial strains from the other species by indirect immunofluorescence technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three representative unabsorbed antisera cross-reacted strongly with cells from the other species. Especially, anti-B. asaccharolyticus ATCC 25260 antiserum showed a strong cross-reactivity with B. gingivalis ATCC33277. After immunoabsorption of 3 representative antisera with the other species, the cross-reactivity was found only between B. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and B. asaccharolyticus ATCC 25260. Further study would be necessary to clarify the cross-reactivity between important oral black-pigmented Bacteroides from subgingival plaque or bacterial colonies for rapid identification.