• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2023

For the sustainable use of fishery resources as common resources and the mitigation of conflicts with commercial fishermen, it is essential to understand recreational anglers' participation process of environmentally responsible behaviors (ERB). This study intends to show that the effects of recreation specialization on environmentally responsible behaviors can be weakened due to the characteristics of anglers, who prefer to possess caught fish. Two different research models were tested with two data sets independently collected. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The results show that consumptive orientation, which measures a degree of catching and owning fish, and fishing-specific ERBs negatively affect the relationships between recreation specialization and general ERBs as mediation variables. Implications are further discussed that regulation policies and education programs are needed to change anglers' consumptive orientation and catch-related fishing behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.321-350
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the field librarians' opinions of the library specialization and specialized librarian and understand the librarians' working conditions and environment. Questionnaire were developed based on the previous studies and surveys were conducted with the librarians of public libraries, university libraries, and professional librarians across the nation. A total of 392 librarians have responded to the survey. As for the main result, the users' satisfaction with the specialization service was perceived to be high, and the most difficult matter in performing the specialization service is the lack of knowledge on the subject matter, and the library environment for the specialization service is not enough. The specialization service should be led by the theme specialized librarians, and the qualification criteria for the theme specialized librarians are required, and the qualification systems should be managed by the state.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.386-394
• /
• 2013

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the difference in recreation specialization levels based on the levels of leisure constraint negotiation and to examine the effect of leisure constraint negotiation on recreation specialization. A total of 374 skiers Kyonggi and Kangwon provinces was selected using the cluster sampling method. All respondents were divided into 3 groups based on the levels of leisure constraint negotiation and one-was ANOVA and regression analysis were conducted. The main findings were as follows: First, skiers were divided into 3 groups(high, middle, low) by the K-mean cluster analysis. Second, there were differences in past experience, centrality of life, financial investment, and overall recreation specialization based on the levels of leisure constraint negotiation. Finally, leisure constrain negotiation had a positive effect on recreation specialization.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.148-162
• /
• 1993

There is much speculation that modern capi-talist society is undergoing fundamental and qualitative chnge towards flexible specialization. The purpose of this study is to examine this hypothesis. This paper focusses on: the idea of flexible specialization; the significance of this transition; industrial district; and the implicati-ons of this new production system for Korean industrial space. Main arguments of this study are as follows: First, as all different groups of researchers apply the idea of flexible specialization according to their own specifications, the current debate on this topic is not much fruitful. Not surpri-singly, the concept of flexible specialization has overlapped with subocontracting. This intergration of subcontracting into flexible specialization systems, however, is inappropriate because the two concepts have different historical contexts. The other cause of this controversy is its inherent weekness, conceptual ambiguity. Thus, today's flexibility becomes tomorrow's rigidity. Secondly, transition towards flexible speciali-zation has only been partially achieved even in advanced capitalist countries. The application of dualistic explanatory framework, such as rigidity versus flexibiity, mass production versus small-lot multi-product production, and de-skilling versus re-skilling, has resulted in great exaggeration of the transformation, from Fordism to post-Fordism. There is no intermediary part between two places. Considering that the workers allocated to the Fordist mass production assembly line are not as large as one might imagine, the shift from mass to flexible production has only limited implications for the transformation of capitalist economy. Thirdly, 'industrial district' contorversy has contributed to highlighting the importance of small firms and areas as production space. The agglomeration of small firms in specific areas is common in Korea, but it is quite different from the industrial district based on flexible specialization. The Korean phenomenon stems from close interactions with its major parent firm rather than interactions between flexible, specialized, autonomous and technology-intensive smll firms. Most Korean subcontractors are still low-skilled, labour-intensive, and heavily dependent on their mojor parent firms. Thus, the assertion that the Seoul Metropolitan Area adopts flexible specialization has no base. Fourthly, the main concern of flexible speciali zation is small firms. However, the corporate organization that needs product diversification and technological specialization is oligopolistic large corporations typified by multinational corporations. It is because of this that most of these organizations are adoptiong Fordist mass production methods. The problem of product diversification will be resolved naturally if economic internationalization progresses further. What is more important for business success is the quality and price competitiveness of firms rather than product diversification. Lastly, in order to dispel further misunderst-anding on this issue, it is imparative that the conceptual ambiguity is resolved most urgently. This study recommends adoption of more speci-fied and direct terminology (such as, factory automation, computer design, out-sourcing, the exploitation of part-time labor, job redesign) rather than that of ideological ones (such as, Taylorism, Fordism, neo-Taylorism, neo-Fordism, post-fordism, flexible specialization, peripheral post-Fordism). As the debates on this topic just started, we still have long way to go until consensus is reached.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.151-178
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to discuss the developmental direction of public library specialization by investigating the library specialization and the perception and opinions on the theme specialized librarians. A total of 69 directors have responded to the survey, and the main result was that while there are difficulties in terms of manpower and budget in providing the specialization services, they have been fully aware of the need and value of the libraries' specialized services and were willing to maintain and develop the services in the future. In addition, more than half of the respondents said that the provision of specialized services and the placement of theme specialized librarians at the public libraries are essential. The qualification for the theme specialized librarians was said to be higher than a master's degree and 4 to 7 years or longer of relevant work experience and must be managed as a national qualification system. Based on these results, suggestions were made that the discussions of the specialization service comprised of the training system for specialized librarians, the establishment and operation of the theme specialized librarian qualification system, and the cooperation with the theme related organizations for the qualitative improvement of the specialization service, among others.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.490-498
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate how many kindergarten parents use after-school programs and specialization activities and to suggest effective policy improvement plans based on the results. After 693 parents were interviewed by the investigators, the collected data were presented by calculating the percentages, averages, and standard deviations. First of all, the results of after-school are presented. First, about 38.2% of the surveyed parents spent additional expenses to use after - school program, and the average of additional costs was about 62,850 won. When the cost burden and satisfaction were evaluated as 5 points, it was rated as normal. Second, the main reason for participating in the after-school program was both parents were working, followed by the parents' wishes for their children to spend time with their friends. Next, the results for specialization activities at kindergartens are presented. First, the proportion of children using after-school specialization activities was 68.2%, of which 79% were expenditures, the number of activities was 2.69, and the average cost was 83,540 won. Second, the most preferred after-school specialization activity by age group was English, and the most common reason for this was that the children liked to participate. Improvement of the educational contents suggested as the most important thing to improve after-school specialization activities. Lastly, the results showed that after-school specialization activities reduced parents' spending on private education. On the basis of the results, some discussions are presented included the development after-school programs focusing on the different needs of children and parents accordingly.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.103-119
• /
• 2021

Ports in Korea have been increasing in terms of volume while they have performed functions and roles such as industrial ports in promoting industries of their hinterlands as well as commercial ports supporting imports and exports. Nevertheless, specialization degree is different from port to port by cargo type and the changes in cargo volume. This study aims to analyze the structural changes and the degree of concentration and specialization by cargo type and port between 2001 and 2020. Top 10 ports were analyzed in terms of traffic volume by categorizing liquid, dry, general cargo and containers. HHI(Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), LQ(Location Coefficient), and shift-share analysis were employed in order to identify the degree of concentration, specialization and changes in cargo volume by port and cargo type. As a result of the analysis, the degree of port concentration and specialization for each cargo of 4 categories have maintained a high level, and no significant difference were found in fluctuations over the past 20 years. As a result of calculating the flucation of cargo volume through the shift-share analysis, the growth rate of liquid cargo was high in Yeosu Gwangyang Port, Pyeongtaek Dangjin Port in dry cargo, and Busan Port in general cargo and container ports. The result implies that it is not expected that the structural changes including degree of cargo concentration, specialization and relative fluctuation of cargo volume is significant in Korean ports in the future since the effects of economies of scale and clustering were achieved to the great degree.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.145-163
• /
• 1998

At the result of data analysis with sample survey, oriental medicine clinics which treat particular kinds of illness with specialization make the profit of 1.6 times and the expense of 0.74 times more than those which treat general diseases, namely, the former gain the profit of about 2.9 times more than the latter. After excluding other variables which affect in the profit of oriental medicine clinics with multiple regression model, when considering only advantage of treatment for particular kinds of illness, specialized oriental medicine clinics win the more profit of 18.3 percent than general oriental medicine clinics. The specialization of oriental medicine clinics can become one of the positive measures in the situation of enlargement of medical of oriental medicine, falling of oriental medicine price and conflict of western and oriental medicine, etc. The specialization can help western medicine replace with oriental medicine, and level and scientific system of oriental medicine improve. Medical service for particular diseases, one of the better devices for improving profit of oriental medicine clinics, can theoretically make more advantage of oriental medicine clinics through measure of price discrimination than general medicine clinics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2015

KEPCO International Nuclear Graduate School (KINGS) is dedicated to nurturing leadership-level professionals in nuclear power plant (NPP) engineering. KINGS have designed curriculum based on two philosophies. First, we balance aspects of discipline engineering, specialty engineering, and management engineering in the framework of systems engineering. Second, KINGS have designed the curriculum so that students can learn and experience the know-what, know-how and know-why level knowledge of NPP engineering and management. The specialization programs are opened during the 2nd year for 3 trimesters and those are a process of learning through practical project courses. The objectives of the specialization programs are to help students to learn the NPP life cycle technologies in highly structured and systematic ways. The systems engineer program (SEP) is one of the specialization programs. A practical case of the SEP which was applied to the project course for the NPP electric power system design education will be elaborated in this paper.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.45-69
• /
• 2006

First, the trade competitiveness of the textile industries in South Korea has been weakening, whereas, the counterpart in China has been growing as the main export industries. Second, the trade competitiveness of the mechanics industries in South Korea has been increasing and appearing as the new promising strategic export industries. And, the counterpart in China also shows that it has been rising, while the country’s level of the imports specialization index has been weakening. Third, the trade competitiveness of the transportation industries in South Korea has been rising as the export-oriented and at the same time, privileged industries. And, China has also been rising as South Korea has been in the case, whereas, imports specialization index has been weakening. Fourth, the trade competitiveness of the electrical and electronic industries in South Korea has relatively been at the very high level, giving rise to the core export-privileged industries in the South Korea. And, China has been emerging as the new strategic export industries, as its industry structure has been shifted from the import- specialization and export-specialization industries. Fifth, it is indicated that the trade in the both South Korean and Chinese industries of fable materials, mechanics goods for computer & office, and goods for electric mechanics has been going favorable and brisk.