• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.421-438
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• 2002

Abstraction of geographic data within a spatial database context must deal with geometrical simplification, modification or maintenance of the integrity of features, spatial and aspatial data, topology within class, and relationships between classes. This research is to propose a method to abstract a spatial database into a high level database. This study refines operators to carry out the modifications required by the abstraction process in the spatial database. Then, a set of operator sequences (workflows) is suggested to specify operators required to abstract a given feature class and to arrange them in order. Finally, a prototype system is developed, based on rule management with a graphic user interface. When the abstraction process is implemented sequentially we demonstrate that a preferential ordering of operations improves efficiency and reduces loss and distortion in the information.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.40-50
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• 2008

This article examined the applicability of spatial configuration to Escher's works through configurative logics and rules and studied the contrasting relations among the unit elements in Escher's works and their characteristics and the creative process of the characteristics. As the results of the study on the bases to maintain and create the partial elements revealed as the characteristics, it was shown that Escher's sequential transformative works demonstrated diverse expressive characteristics as a creative process of Inter-complementary contrasting relations based on the independence of the unit elements. It was also shown that the creative process of the unit elements was actualized through the maintenance base of the fixed and absolute characteristic as the logic for the creation and the creation base of the dynamic and relative characteristic. Therefore, it was interpreted that by applying the logics for creation to Escher's unit elements through the spatial interpretation of the maintenance base and the creation base as well as by configuring the units created in such a way according to the characteristics of Escher's works, spatial possibility canbe derived out from Escher's contrasting tessellation works. The process of spatial configuration is the process to make a balance between various conditions, artists own understanding of the space and his/her intention of the space. From this viewpoint, the logics for maintenance base and for creation base seem to have the potentiality as a spatial configuration to consistently meet the given conditions as well as to derive out novelty through the transformation to maintain the fixed and absolute condition(base) and the characteristics of the independent(additional) transformation arising together with the implicit relations among the transformative units.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.441-451
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of spatial design education focusing on creativity based on design process. In this research, the theoretical frame of design process focused on creativity was organized and the trend of creativity education study in the spatial design and other design sectors was compared and analyzed. As a result of the research, the creativity education study of spatial design analyzed such a result showed the relatively low frequency, many of studies related to formative expression of idea. On the contrary, the creativity education of other design sectors is related to overall process the most, the major contents were represented as a creativity enhancement eduction through the conversion with other sectors, the utilization of study method and theology and the utilization of IT technology. The result of this study suggests that more various attempts are required for the spatial design education and that the attempts should orient the conversion between science and art, humanity and science and the integrated access of digital and analogue.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Decisions on reliability screening rules and burn-in policies are determined based on the estimated reliability. The variability in a semiconductor manufacturing process does not only causes quality problems but it also makes reliability estimation more complicated. This study investigates the nonuniformity characteristics of integrated circuit reliability according to defect density distribution within a wafer and between wafers then develops optimal burn-in policy based on the estimated reliability. New reliability estimation model based on yield information is developed using a spatial stochastic process. Spatial defect density variation is reflected in the reliability estimation, and the defect densities of each die location are considered as input variables of the burn-in optimization. Reliability screening and optimal burn-in policy subject to the burn-in cost minimization is examined, and numerical experiments are conducted.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.4 no.4 s.14
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

The analysis method of stabilizing process and its program regarding large spatial structural systems are described in this paper. In this paper, the analysis of stabilizing process of the example structures, namely Olympic Fencing Arena, is performed and the jacking force of stabilizing process is proposed, and the characteristics of structural behavior is investigated. This result of research is applied to the design and construction of the actual structures and the reliability of the analysis is verified through comparison of the analysis results and the measured results in the field. When the analytical results is compared with the actual structural behavior, there is a little difference, but it is thought that the analysis results are quite reliable because it is very similar to the measured values in spite of construction and measurement errors.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.83-92
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• 2017

This research is about the characteristics of the saccades that occurring in the process of observing the spatial. The size of the saccades is the visual activity for acquiring the information, and the search trace that left by the spatial visitor. Reviewed over the saccade through the analysis of observation process that appeared in the eye-tracking experiment of sports store from the department store, the saccade is defined as the sight movement in the process of finding a component to view in the spatial. If some spatial component induces saccade, and able to know which specific component acquired through the saccade, then the designer will have a clue which able to provide the spatial desired by the consumer. The results of analyzing the process in the deriving the spatial component and saccade characteristic from industrial space, can be summarised as follows. The first, the average fixed number of [IN].[OUT] zone appeared similarly, and it leads to knowing that the time used for attention with one frequency is about 0.3 seconds. Second, there were more saccades toward [$IN{\rightarrow}OUT$] (13 persons, 76.5%) than [$OUT{\rightarrow}IN$] (4 persons, 23.5%). The Los Angeles area has lots of interesting things to watch, so it able to thinks to begins with small saccade and then occur to bigger saccade activity to find new interests shortly after [OUT] saccade. Third, according to time range changes, keep eyes on the characteristics of saccade, [IN].[OUT] frequency has slightly decreased the changes of viewing time, but there was no significant change in an average number of observations. This means that the frequency and the number of observations are decreased together. Therefore, it can be seen that the amount of information to be acquired (frequency) is decreased (count) as the observation time elapses.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.227-240
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• 2003

The primary focus of this study is to provide a general methodology which can be utilized to understand and analyze environmental issues such as long term ecosystem dynamics and land use/cover change by development of 2D dynamic landscape models and model-based simulation. Change processes in land cover and ecosystem function can be understood in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of land cover resources. In development of a system to understand major processes of change and obtain predictive information, first of all, spatial heterogeneity is to be taken into account because landscape spatial pattern affects on land cover change and interaction between different land cover types. Therefore, the relationship between pattern and processes is to be included in the research. Landscape modeling requires different approach depending on the definition, assumption, and rules employed for mechanism behind the processes such as spatial event process, land degradation, deforestration, desertification, and change in an urban environment. The rule-based models are described in the paper for land cover change by natural fires. Finally, a case study is presented as an example using spatial modeling and simulation to study and synthesize patterns and processes at different scales ranging from fine-scale to global scale.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.36-43
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• 2011

The study presupposes that, ever since its modernization, the Korean local government buildings have undergone an evolutionary process of their spatial organizations and the process can be analyzed in terms of increased publicness of architectural space. For the purpose, fifteen examples of local government buildings in Korea are selected and analyzed in terms of their plans converted into spatial diagrams measuring accessibility depth. Within these analytical diagrams, some quantitative measures such as permeability and visual connection, and the number of decision making points that visitors face on the way to their targets. The study analyzes these analytic measures of selected samples which are categorized into three chronological groups in order to search any evolutionary tendency of spatial transformation. The analysis shows that the accessibility of public functions and presumably the publicness of the spatial organization of local government buildings has been increased. The results of the study implies that, to acquire architectural publicness in government buildings, not only the insertion of public programs but also the organization of open spatial structure is significant.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

Design of settlement space is a complicated process while reasonable spatial layout bears great significance on the development and resource allocation of a settlement. The study proposes a weighted L-system generation algorithm based on CA (Cellular Automation) model which tags the spatial attributes of cells through changes in their state during the evolution of CA and thus identifies the spatial growth mode of a settlement. The entrance area of the Caidian Botanical and Animal Garden is used a case study for the model. A design method is proposed which starts from the internal logics of spatial generation, explores possibility of spatial rules and realizes the quantitative analysis and dynamic control of the design process. Taking a top-down approach, the design method takes into account the site information, studies the spatial generation mechanism of settlements and further presents a engine for the generation of multiple layout proposals based on different rules. A optimal solution is acquired using GA (Genetic Algorithm) which generates a settlement spatial layout carrying site information and dynamically linked to the surround environment. The study aims to propose a design method to optimize the spatial layout of the complex settlement system based on parametric generation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.437-451
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• 2019

Outlier detection techniques play an important role in enhancing the reliability of data communication in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Considering the importance of outlier detection in WSNs, many outlier detection techniques have been proposed. Unfortunately, most of these techniques still have some potential limitations, that is, (a) high rate of false positives, (b) high time complexity, and (c) failure to detect outliers online. Moreover, these approaches mainly focus on either temporal outliers or spatial outliers. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce novel algorithms that successfully detect both temporal outliers and spatial outliers. Our contributions are twofold: (i) modifying the Hampel Identifier (HI) algorithm to achieve high accuracy identification rate in temporal outlier detection, (ii) combining the Gaussian process (GP) model and graph-based outlier detection technique to improve the performance of the algorithm in spatial outlier detection. The results demonstrate that our techniques outperform the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and work well with various data types.