• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.71-97
• /
• 2009

The study was to develop the instruments including instructional materials and test items for enhancing spatial ability. A mixed methodology was chosen to achieve the purpose of the study. To find students' achievement, 5 units of instructional materials were developed through the qualitative method and test items were tested through the quantitative method with 152 of the 8th-graders. The strategies to develop the instructional materials were: firstly to focus on mathematics properties for developing spacial ability; secondly, to allow students to follow hierarchical procedure o[ mathematical properties from 2-d to 3-d; thirdly, to recognize what the manipulative can do and can not; and fourthly, to guide students tn develop the process oriented thought, not the result oriented thought. For the test, 25 items were analyzed to assess students' achievement using validity, difficulty, and discriminator.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.199-220
• /
• 2018

This is a traditional education content that has been consistently handled in elementary school mathematics textbooks since the first curriculum in Korea. It has been mainly used to find out the properties of the solid figure or to save the surface area. However, as the importance of spatial ability is increasingly emphasized, the nets of solids can be a very suitable learning material for dealing with the spatial ability. Therefore, in this study, we examined how the nets of solids were taught in elementary school mathematics curriculum and textbooks in Korea, and based on the analysis, we analyzed the contents of the nets of solids covered in textbooks of Japan, Singapore, Finland and Hong Kong. Through this study, we suggested the enhancement of activities to find the right nets, the presentation of solid figure from various angles, and the nets of solids with patterns for improvement of spatial visualization and spatial orientation.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.149-171
• /
• 2017

In this research, based on the fact that spatial ability is important for the achievement in the STEM fields, and technological innovation, Purdue Spatial Visualization Test-Rotation has been used to investigate engineering freshmen's spatial ability and gender differences. Students who have taken advanced mathematics courses in high school(those who have taken type B math test in Korean SAT test) and students with general math courses(those who have taken type A in Korean SAT-Math test) are included in this study to find out the relationship between mathematics achievement and spatial ability. Finding out the strategies taken by students was another aim of this study. This strategic differences between high achievers and lower achievers, male and female students were analyzed from students' self report. Spatial ability test score was highest in the SAT-Math type B male students, decreased in the order of type A male students, type B female students, and lastly type A female students. There was no substantial difference between second and third groups. In each group, male students' average score was 8~10% higher than female students, which affirms 2015's results. The correlation between spatial ability and mathematics achievement was negligible in each group, but male students' math score and spatial ability score were higher than that of female students. This can be interpreted that there is some correlation between these two. Strategic choices can vary in the continuous spectrum with analytic method and holistic method at both ends. From students' self report, using Mann-Witney test, it turned out that there exists strategic differences between male and female students. Male students have a tendency to use holistic strategy more often than female students. I also found that the strategy choice did not vary greatly among all score groups. For the perfect score groups, both female and male students used holistic strategy most frequently. For low achieving groups, there is an evidence that these students overuse one method compared to average or high achieving groups, which turned out to be less effective. Based on these, I suggest that low achieving students need to have more chances to adopt efficient strategies and to practice challenging problems to improve their spatial abilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.263-272
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of developing and applying a program in the field of astronomy that can improve the spatial perception ability and task commitment of elementary science gifted students. The subjects of this study were 22 students in the advanced course in the elementary science gifted class affiliated with the Gifted and Talented Center of University B. In order to improve spatial perception ability and task attachment to students in elementary school science gifted class, a total of 12 educational learning programs were developed and applied. The results of this study were interpreted as quantitative analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the astronomy class had a positive effect on the spatial perception ability improvement of elementary science gifted students. Second, the astronomy class had a positive effect on improving the task commitment of elementary school science gifted students. Third, astronomy class of elementary school science gifted students was more effective in improving spatial perception than improving task commitment. Since elementary school science gifted students are selected with excellent intelligence, creativity, and task commitment, an Individualized Education Program (IEP) is developed and applied to better express their potential giftedness. In addition, in order to express more in-depth giftedness in gifted education, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of programs that can express individual gifted characteristics.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2018

Background: A cargo container scanner using a high-energy X-ray generates a fan beam X-ray to acquire a transmitted image. Because the generated X-rays by LINAC may affect the image quality and radiation protection of the system, it is necessary to acquire accurate information about the generated X-ray beam distribution. In this paper, a diode-based multi-channel spatial dose measuring device for measuring the X-ray dose distribution developed for measuring the high energy X-ray beam distribution of the container scanner is described. Materials and Methods: The developed high-energy X-ray spatial dose distribution measuring device can measure the spatial distribution of X-rays using 128 diode-based X-ray sensors. And precise measurement of the beam distribution is possible through automatic positioning in the vertical and horizontal directions. The response characteristics of the measurement system were evaluated by comparing the signal gain difference of each pixel, response linearity according to X-ray incident dose change, evaluation of resolution, and measurement of two-dimensional spatial beam distribution. Results and Discussion: As a result, it was found that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the response signal according to the incident position showed a difference of about 10%, and the response signal was linearly increased. And it has been confirmed that high-resolution and two-dimensional measurements are possible. Conclusion: The developed X-ray spatial dose measuring device was evaluated as suitable for dose measurement of high energy X-ray through confirmation of linearity of response signal, spatial uniformity, high resolution measuring ability and ability to measure spatial dose. We will perform precise measurement of the X-ray beamline in the container scanning system using the X-ray spatial dose distribution measuring device developed through this research.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 1999

Math teachers are very short of computer tools and manipulatives to use in geometry classes of middle schools for the development of spatial abilities. At most they can ask student to make regular polyhedrons for helping the students to understand by concrete experience, but this experience is not enough to develop spatial abilities in spatial figures including the regular polyhedrons. This article is to introduce instructional materials for development of spatical ability in the regular polyhedrons using computer software, Geometer's Sketchpad. In this article, students can imagine the whole figure through the parts of a plane figure and think of the parts from the solid figure by free movement from 2 dimensions to 3 dimensions, or from 3 dimensions to 2 dimensions. Also, the instructional materials devised in this article will be good to enhance spatial abilities because the relation of 1-1 correspondence in the movement of the parts can be conserved and observed precisely, which is very hard to demonstrate and visualize by paper-and-pencil. It is recommended that this kind of materials should be developed in various ways for teachers to use them directly in their geometry classes.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.66-79
• /
• 2022

This study attempts to find out how science classes using VR content affect students' scientific attitudes and spatial senses. For 4th and 5th graders of an elementary school, a comparative class and an experimental class were set up for each grade, and a total of 11 classes were conducted for each grade. Before and after class treatment, pre- and post-tests were conducted on scientific attitudes and spatial sensations, and interviews with students were conducted during class. After all the classes for the research unit were completed, a survey was conducted to find out the changes in students' perceptions. As results of this study show, it was found that science classes applying virtual reality (VR) content have positive effects on students' scientific attitudes and spatial ability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2022

Background: This study was to investigate the effect of non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation due to hemiplegic patients due to stroke on temporal and spatial gait ability. Design: Randomized sham controlled trial. Methods: For the study method, 42 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke were randomly assigned to 14 patients each, and the general walking group, tDCS walking group, and tDCS (sham) walking group were subjected to 5 times a week, 30 minutes a day, and 6 weeks. In the temporal gait variables of hemiplegic patients due to stroke, the effect of the gait time, gait cycle, single support, double support, swing phase, stance phase, gait speed, cadence were measured. In spatial variables, one step length and one step length were measured. Results: As a result of the study, the EG group significantly increased in the step time, gait velocity, and cadence of the paralysis side in the comparison of temporal walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS of walking ability in hemiplegic patients due to stroke patients(p<.05). In the change in spatial walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS, the step length and stride length of the EG group showed a significant increase. Both the comparison of temporal and spatial symmetry walking variables between groups according to tDCS application was not significant(p>.05) Conclusion: As a result, tDCS has an effective effect on the improvement of the gait ability of stroke patients. In particular, it is an effective method of physical therapy that can improve the cadence and speed of gait, which can be combined with the existing gait training to effectively increase the gait of hemiplegia due to stroke patients.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.9 no.4 s.24
• /
• pp.329-333
• /
• 2005

Based on author's practice of instructing Chinese gifted students to join the Chinese Mathematics Olympic (CMO), the paper adopted test analysis model of the Scholastic Aptitude Test of Mathematics (SAT-M), tested mathematics ability of 212 mathematical gifted students to join the CMO, applied correlation analysis and factor analysis and proposed the mathematics ability structure in Chinese gifted students including comprehensive operation ability, logic thinking ability, abstract generalization ability, spatial imagination ability, memory ability, transfer ability and intuition thinking ability. And it analyzed the expression form of these abilities respectively and gave some suggestion on mathematics teaching about gifted Chinese students.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 2012

The present study investigated infants' ability to form a category of a support relation (i.e., "on") when the objects depicting the relation were perceptually simple versus more complex. Twenty Korean infants of 14 months were habituated to dynamic support events with objects that were either simple or more complex in appearance. They were then tested with events that differed from the habituation events in the specific objects, spatial relation, or both. Infants formed a support category whether familiarized to simple or complex objects, looking significantly longer at test events with a novel than familiar relation. The results indicate that at 14 months of age, object features do not impact infants' ability to form a categorical representation of support.