• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.191-210
• /
• 2009

Energy Security has been factor of great importance to national security, economy, society and all other areas. However, it has been in the lack of situation where there is no leading method to measure energy security nor to compare among countries until now. In the research, objective index to assess energy security has been developed and compared among the level of countries in terms of energy importing countries' perspective. Based on the suggested index, comparison for the energy security level has been explained. The implication of the research is that in terms of energy importing perspectives, method to appraise energy security and according to this, energy security rate by each countries with respect to LNG. This method is doubtlessly applicable to comparison of security rate from other resources and fluctuation of energy security by reflecting other factors. Also, discussion about how increased autonomy of resources can impact Korean energy security with regard to recent international energy development. As a consequence, it has revealed that enhanced authority of resources evokes ascendancy of energy security in a positive way.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.256-266
• /
• 2019

There are many different job skill evaluation scales, but the development of the job skill scale for the workers in the local child care centers has much to be improved. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the job skill scales for the workers of local child care centers. It is also the purpose of this study to specify the scope of work for such workers and define the job skills to develop a tool to evaluate the job skills of them, eventually. As for the study method, the researcher conducted literature review and Delphi survey to extract the job skill factors. Then, after going through a discussion with an expert, the researcher developed the preliminary questions to verify the validity of the contents and the certification validity. For this, a survey was conducted with the workers in local child care centers across the country, and a total of 221 questionnaires have been used for analysis. With this, a total of five job skill factors for such workers were identified, based on which 20 questions were developed to constitute the scale. The sub-factors identified were student supervision, program planning, child education, administrative works, and link-up with the local community. The confidence level of the scale developed in this study was Cronbach ${\alpha}=.940$(N=221). With the scale of the job skills of the workers in local child care centers, it would be possible to develop various job skill programs. And, this would be able to be used for evaluating the job skill levels of not only the workers in the local child care centers but also other child-care service providers.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.37
• /
• pp.411-439
• /
• 2009

Fu-Shan(傅山, 1607~1684) was a progressive actualist between the late Ming(明) dynasty and the early Qing(淸) dynasty. He regards the intellectuals at that time as scarecrows leaned on the empty and exaggerative moral philosophy which the neo-confucian of Song(宋) dynasty established. He thinks that the neo-confucian discussion cause harmful side effects, disregarding the utility side and the variety of the actual world. His thought becomes known all in political thought and literature. He asserts that the neo-confucian ideas provides the logical frame which regulates the actual world and creates a kind of absolute moral ideology. Therefore he insists that the Saint in the true sense of the word consequently is the social reformer and revolutionist who exposes the irrational elements of society. He insists that literature also must be able to express vividness of the actual world. He thinks that genuine literature must have creative contents and find one's own free wild way. He asserts that old literary style from the mimicry is the act which goes against human natural. He thinks that the writing must be able to express the actual world.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.221-233
• /
• 2021

This study analyzed the contents of changes in educational policy from the perspective of policy learning, based on the awareness of the lack of academic efforts to identify such phenomena despite repeated policy failures in educational policy. To this end, it has been more than 20 years since the policy was established, but it was analyzed using the policy analysis case of the teacher incentive policy, which still had severe conflicts between the government and teacher unions. As a result of the analysis, first, there were 11 changes in the policy content from the Kim Dae-jung administration to the Moon Jae-in administration. Whenever the government was newly launched, not only the contents of the policy for teacher incentives changed, but also the policy changes continued during the same government period. Second, when analyzing what kind of policy learning took place at the stage of change in each government's policy content, most of them were 'political policy learning' or 'instrumental policy learning'. Rather than a fundamental discussion about the goal of the policy, it has only repeated policy learning that adjusts only the ratio of differential payments to defend the teacher incentive policy. In order to recover from this current situation, this study suggests that it is necessary to present an alternative policy that can change the rigid society of teachers through 'social policy learning', which examines the basic values and strategies of teacher incentive policies.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.169-186
• /
• 2020

This study selected 127 powerful Korean film producers, directors, and actors whose stable audience drawing power has been proven over the past seven years from 2013 to 2019, and viewed their network through social network analysis(SNA) to explain their power structure. It also explained the changes compared to the results of previous studies conducted on box office hits from 1998 to 2012. The producers who showed the highest audience drawing power over the past seven years were KANG Hae-jung, JANG Won-seok, LEE Eugene, HAN Jae-duk. BONG Joon-ho, KIM Yong-hwa, and RYOO Seung-wan as directors and SONG Kang-ho, HA Jung-woo, and HWANG Jung-min as actors were confirmed to exhibit the most stable audience drawing power. Meanwhile, the network formed by the 127 leading producers, filmmakers, and actors was analyzed based on closeness/ degree/eigenvector/betwenness centrality, and the result discovered a strong network involving JANG Won-seok, HAN Jae-duk, CHO Jin-woong, Don LEE, and HWANG Jung-min. This study is meaningful in that it included producers, the position which has never been discussed in previous local studies to analyze the network influencing star casting, and selected accurate box office hits by checking whether the concerned films actually reached break-even point rather than simply relying on the number of audiences or total revenue they garnered. Nonetheless, it left a hole to be filled in that it did not include the role of the management companies in the network. Therefore, a relevant follow-up discussion would be needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.299-309
• /
• 2022

YouTube videos secure the latest trends in the field and provide viewers' preferences and non-preferences. This study analyzes the discussion of death in recent YouTube videos and explores the relationship between life, well-dying, and well-aging. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the establishment of a healthy life for Koreans by exploring relevance. The survey period and target are 13 videos uploaded on YouTube from 2019 to 2021. As a result of the investigation, it was possible to encompass 25 speakers who were discussing death centered on doctors. Video speakers in charge of various areas conducted various discussions on death from the perspective of experts. The key points are the true value of life, death that you don't need to fear, the importance of hope, the naturalness of death, etc. 11 expert perspectives are measured into 4 types based on 4 criteria: life, death, well-aging, and well-dying. Despite the limitations of studying 13 extracted at a specific time, this study revealed that YouTube videos are a place for free communication. It can contribute in part to maintaining and improving the health of our lives in the future and researching convergence.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.91-116
• /
• 2023

This study aims to investigate the differences in burnout, emotional labor strategies, affect intensity, and emotional clarity based on combinations of level of mindfulness and compassion. To achieve this, a total of 137 mental health professionals participated in this study, and they were classified into four groups based on their level of mindfulness and compassion using cluster analysis. Then, the differences among the groups were compared. The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA) or multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) controlling for career experience, showed that the group with high levels of both mindfulness and compassion had the highest levels of positive affect intensity, emotional clarity for self and others, and genuine expression, while having the lowest levels of negative affect intensity, surface acting, and burnout. In comparison to the group with high levels of both mindfulness and compassion, the group with high or low level of either mindfulness or compassion had both positive and negative affect intensity at higher or lower levels. Additionally, they showed lower emotional clarity for self and others, and genuine expression. Conversely, they showed higher levels of surface acting and burnout. The group with low levels of both mindfulness and compassion experienced low levels of positive affect intensity and high levels of negative affect intensity. They also had the lowest levels of emotional clarity for self and others and genuine expression. In addition, they showed that the highest levels of surface acting, and burnout. Based on the results, the study discussed the balanced development of mindfulness and compassion to prevent burnout of professionals in the human service field, including mental health professionals. The implications and limitations of this study were further analyzed in the discussion section, including the direction for future research.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2022

Oxysterols are oxygenated metabolites of cholesterol generated by serial enzymatic reactions during bile acid synthesis. Similar to cholesterol, oxysterols move rapidly to the intracellular region and modulate various cellular processes, such as immune cell responses, lipid metabolism, and cholesterol homeostasis. Different nuclear transcription factors, such as glucocorticoid, estrogen, and liver X receptors, can be modulated by oxysterols in multiple tissues. The most abundant oxysterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), is a well-known selective modulator that can either activate or suppress estrogen receptor activity in a tissue-specific manner. The contribution of 27-OHC in atherosclerosis development is apparent because a large amount of it is found in atherosclerotic plaques, accelerating the transformation of macrophages into foam cells that uptake extracellular modified lipids. According to previous studies, however, there are opposing opinions about how 27-OHC affects lipid and cholesterol metabolism in metabolic organs, including the liver and adipose tissue. In particular, the effects of 27-OHC on lipid metabolism are entirely different between in vitro and in vivo conditions, suggesting that understanding the physiology of this oxysterol requires a sophisticated approach. This review summarizes the potential effects of 27-OHC in atherosclerosis and metabolic syndromes with a special discussion of its role in metabolic tissues.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.475-491
• /
• 2006

In physics education, the research on students' conceptions has developed in the discussion on the nature and the difficulty of conceptual change. Recently, mental models have been a theoretical background in concrete arguments on "how students' conceptions are constructed or created." Mental models that integrate information in the presented problem and individual knowledge in their long-term memory have important information about not only expressed ideas but also in the thinking process behind the expressed ideas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the forming process and the characteristics of high school student's mental models about circular motion, and how they were changed by instruction. We used the think-aloud method based on the instrument for identifying student's mental models about circular motion, pretest of physics concept, mind map and interview for investigating student's characteristics. The results of the study showed that instructions based on the mental model theory facilitated scientific expressed model, but several factors that affected forming mental models like epistemological belief didn't change scientifically after 3 lessons.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.316-330
• /
• 2008

During the past two decades or so, science (or scientific or scientific & technological) culture has become one of the main themes not only of policy makers but also of science educators. Although, the idea of science culture has been taken as a desirable goal, there is little agreement about what it means and how to measure it. Particularly in Korea, there has been a rapid growth of science culture projects and programs, either by governmental or non-governmental, but with little systemic monitoring and evaluation for its practice. The purpose of this study is, thus, to explore a model of measuring science culture and develop a comprehensive indicator system for it. We reviewed many literatures on definitions of science culture and the surveys for related terms, particularly, of recent national and international surveys (e.g. US Science and Engineering Indicators, Eurobarometer, Japanese Science and Technology Indicators). Based on this review, a model for science culture is proposed and then used to define the Science Culture Indicators (SCI). This model encompasses two dimensions(i.e. individual and social), which are further divided into two aspects (i.e. potential and practice). Each dimension is expected to represent citizen literacy of and national infrastructure of science culture respectively. Each category in this $2{\times}2$ matrix is further divided into several sub-categories. The discussion concerning how the model and the indicators can be used to check the states of science culture at social as well as individual levels will be given with some concrete examples, such as indicators particularly related to science education.