• Iberoamérica
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-114
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• 2019

Now Venezuela is the most attentional country in Latin America not only in our country but also all world. Unfortunately, the current crisis is a danger that threatening the venezuelan people's right to live, so most of the news is negative. Some analysts in Korea insist that everything is the result of invasion by US imperialism, others say it is a state of default due to excessive populism. The others also described as a power game of the powers of the world by the new Cold War. But most essential thing is that Sovereign of Venezuela, Venezuelan people are marginalized in this process. Venezuela's crisis seems to have been both a combination of internal and external factors, but internal factors been a main cause. The internal factors are the dictatorship and corruption of crony capitalism of nepotism which are considered historical ailments in Latin America. Chávez criticized the oligarchy, but paradoxically, the Chávezian or current ruling forces became another oligarchy. Unfortunately, Western powers such as the United States and the EU and Venezuela's current ruling powers are at an extreme confrontation, so can be seen using cliff-edge tactics. The best solution is the free and peaceful reelection of the president. After the patriarchal winter, which spring will come the Venezuelan people must decide.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.414-430
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study was to provide understanding of the meaning of post menopausal womens' lived body changing experience. The methodological approach was guided by Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology : inquiring and investigating experience as it was lived rather than as conceptualized : reflecting and analyzing the essential themes which characterize the phenomenon : and describing the phenomenon through the art of writing and rewriting. Multiple strategies for data collecting were used ; in depth face-to-face interview ; analysis of womens' writings : artistic work : and analysis of examples of phenomenon in art, literature, and drama. Although the experience was different for all of the women interviewed, essential themes of experience emerged ; Drifting through the years (solitude, in the twilight of life, loneliness, change of taste, forgetfulness, the sense of missing something), A walking weather forecast, Standing on the threshold of losing ki energy, Lately taking care of my body, Seized with fear all of a sudden, Keenly feeling the preciousness of life, Preferring comfortableness to prettiness, Wanting to recall my past years, A strong impulse to rechallenge life, Becoming more fond of friends. Findings from the artistic and creative inquiry further validated the interview findings and the meaning discovered. The study illuminated meaning and simultaneously validated the phenomenological research process. Essential themes for understanding women's experience, implications for education, research, and practice, direction and need for continuing inquiry were identified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.4 s.10
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

There are three goals of college students volunteerism. First, to act up to community needs. Second, to strengthen the academic ability and social responsibility, required skill as a citizen. Third, to provide opportunity for students quantitatively as well as qualitatively. We have many social backgrounds why we need beauty volunteerism but, if we summarize, things going like this, 1. An advanced age has come, and most of the elderly citizens are suffering from financial difficulties. 2. They have strong desire for youth regardless their physical mental aging. 3. The elderly citizens: living in solitude, the disabled, war veteran's family and low-income family. 4. The coverage of beauty is getting various and has many services areas. Up to present, beauty services are just limited to hair but skin and make-up have the various ways. This study final aims are how to do effective healthy volunteer activity and develop a program to fit according to each person's major, improve the curriculum in order to have effective volunteerism.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prevent the Aged from encountering a sudden accident in an emergency situation caused by drinking, help them have better awareness of drinking problems, and provide basic data for forming sound drinking. Method: A descriptive approach was made to the occurrence of emergency situations caused by drinking for the aged by reviewing literature concerning the subject, along with the analysis of the actual condition through the cases of emergency situations. Result: The Aged had a drink to drown their loneliness due to the loss of social belonging and solitude and attempt suicide, relied on drinking due to the loss of economic roles and reduced income to cause emergency situations, drove when drunken to bring emergency situations to themselves and others, and committed incendiarism after drinking due to social dissatisfaction and mental problems. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop leisure management programs positively and provide an opportunity for sound living culture to old people so that they can have sound entertainment culture other than drinking; such educational programs will serve to form healthy society with no emergency situation caused by the Aged drinking.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.148-156
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• 2016

This study proposes the structural model of inpatient's satisfaction with their room. Relationship among patients' privacy, patients' stress, and patients' satisfaction were evaluated and were discussed. Survey research followed the literature review, in which the subjects answered questions of the 12 items for the patients' privacy requirements, 10 items selected from the HSRS, and an item of patients' satisfaction. A total of 120 copies were analyzed through the statistical process using the SPSS Win Program 20.0 and SEM by the AMOS 20.0. Results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the inpatients' privacy requirements was subdivided into 'the reserve factor', 'the territoriality factor', and 'the solitude factor'. (2) The inpatients' stress level was subdivided into 'the relationship factor', 'the unfamiliarity factor', and 'the control factor'. (3) The model of relationship among the subjects' privacy requirements, stress level and their satisfaction with the patients' room showed that the subjects' stress level affected their satisfaction with the patients' room directly and the subjects' privacy requirements gave an direct and indirect effect on their' stress level and an indirect effect on their satisfaction with patients' room.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.288-299
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to understand the dysmenorrhea experience of women. To do this work, we asked 9 women a lot of questions about dysmenorrhea. The interviews were carried out from JUL 1, 1998 through JUL 30, 1998. They were audio-recorded and analyzed using Van kaam's Phenomenological method. Results were as follows. One hundreds forty two descriptive expression were found and they were grouped under twenty common factors. twenty common factors were grouped under six higher categories. Two common factors, "Physical pain", "Physical Discomfort" were grouped under . Three common factors, "Receptively of Femininity", "Women's Persecution", "Mystery of Femininity" were grouped under . Three common factors, "Emotional Anxiety", "Disgust of Pain", "Solitude" were grouped under . Two common factors, "Coping with Pain Relief", "Fear of Pain relief method" were grouped under . One common factors "Beauty" were grouped under , One common factors, "Singularity" were grouped under . As Dysmenorrhea Experience of Women's authors recommend further studies on Women's Dysmenorrhea Experience and go into details nursing intervention of Dysmenorrhea relief method.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

Although the development of digital technology and network has brought great convenience in modern lives, amongst the aggravated complexity in the contemporary society, modern minds who have failed to create genuine relationships undergo a sense of alienation and solitude that may appear as a type of social pathology called cellular-phone addiction. Also, while the emergence of the information age seemingly brings about benefits including diverse acquisition regarding knowledge and broader communication, underneath exists side effects involving leakage of private information. Especially, being excessively addicted to relationship network may induce one to become insensitive towards leakage of private information without recognizing, and thereby instigating yet another social problem. Media art is very practical in terms of suggesting a critical perspective concerning social phenomena and elevating them into a work of art by rendering them artistically. Particularly, when social problems of the modern days are expressed through digital technology, media art provides the audience with a foundation that will enable them to sympathize without hostility. This dissertation calls attention to the contemporary problems regarding cellular-phone addiction and possible hazards of information leakage based on media art, while at the same time proposing the production process of a media art work that attempts to raise awareness and sympathy on such social issues.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.727-736
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of attitude toward elders, cognitive level, and mood state by living arrangements of the elderly. Method: The subjects consisted of 238 elderly who divided by living arrangements(living alone, living with spouse, living with children). The data were collected by structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, attitude toward elders, MMSE-K and mood state scale, from March to December, 2005. The collected data were analyzed by Windows SPSS program including descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: In MMSE-K and mood state, there were statistically significant differences among the three groups. In depression and anxiety factor of mood state, the living alone group showed higher scores than the other two groups. There was a positive correlation between attitude toward elders and MMSE-K in the elderly living with a spouse group and a negative correlation between MMSE-K and mood state in all three groups. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a supportive program for decreasing the risk of health in the elderly and perform a differential approach according to their living arrangementa. Especially, more concern and intervention are needed to be performed for the elderly living in solitude.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.97-113
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• 2008

In order to examine the antecedents of socially reticent, solitary passive and solitary active behaviors in preschoolers, 38 2 year olds were observed in Kagan's(1989) traditional behavioral inhibition paradigm and thereafter, at age four, in a same age, same sex quartet of peers. Correlation analysis revealed the independent and unique nature of solitary passive, solitary active and reticence behaviors at age 4 suggesting the heterogeneity of the three forms of solitude during the preschool period. Regression analysis indicated that associations between 2 year old inhibition and shyness and 4 year old reticence were positive when mothers demonstrated a high frequency of over protectiveness; similarly, associations between 2 year old inhibition and shyness and 4 year old solitary active behavior were significant and positive when mothers demonstrated high frequencies of authoritarian behavior.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify factors that influence the life satisfaction of solitude elderly. Method: The subject were 100 homebound the elderly living alone(age=76.58) who were live in M city located in Jeollanamdo. Data were collected from June 1 to September 30, 2002. The instrument used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, residential environment, MUNSH, Health Self-rating scale, ADL, loneliness and POMS. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and stepwise Multiple Regression. Result: In general the perceived health status was poor, but ADL was moderate., loneliness was high but mood and life satisfaction were low. In regression analysis, life satisfaction was significantly influenced by mood(51%), ADL(4%), loneliness(3%), and perceived health status(1%). These variables explained 59% of the variances in the life satisfaction. Conclusion: The result suggests that health care professionals should give more attention to helping the elderly raise their life-satisfaction. A further study is necessary to find out an effective nursing intervention for a better those in a comfortable residential environment, decreasing the loneliness and to promoting the mood for those elderly who live alone.