• 제목/요약/키워드: solid residue

검색결과 176건 처리시간 0.029초

생활폐기물 소각시설 소각재에서의 유기오염물질 정성분석 및 용출특성 (The analysis and leaching characteristics of organic compounds in incineration residues from municipal solid waste incinerators)

  • 홍석영;김삼권;윤용수;박선구;김금희;황승률
    • 분석과학
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.86-95
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    • 2006
  • 현재 가동 중인 생활폐기물 소각시설에서 배출되는 소각재의 수세처리에 의한 유기화학물질 용출특성을 확인하기 위해 GC/MSD로 정성 분석을 하였다. 바닥재 및 비산재에서 각각 44종 및 17종의 다양한 유기화합물질을 확인하였다. 이러한 정성분석은 각 피크의 질량스펙트럼에 대한 Library(NIST21, NIST107, WILEY229) 검색 후 일치도가 90% 이상인 유사지표(similarity index)에 의해 수행되었다. 바닥재는 Naphthalene 그리고 Phenanthrene인 2종의 다방향족화합물(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)을 포함한 18종의 방향족화합물과 사슬모양의 탄화수소인 26종의 지방족화합물을 검출하였다. 비산재의 경우 잔류성유기오염물질(Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs)인 헥사클로로벤젠(Hexachlorobenzene, HCB)을 포함한 10종의 방향족화합물과 7종의 지방족화합물을 정성적으로 확인하였다. 또한, 바닥재와 비산재의 용출액과 용출잔사의 용출특성을 비교분석한 결과, 바닥재에서는 Ethenylbenzene, Benzaldehyde, 1-Phenyl-ethanone 그리고 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester 등이, 비산재에서는 Naphthalene, Dodecane, 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, Tetradecane, Hexadecane 그리고 Pentachlorobenzene등의 유기화합물이 수층으로 용출되는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 소각재 중 비산재 및 바닥재가 단순 매립될 경우 유기화합물에 의한 침출수 및 지하수, 토양 등 2차 오염이 발생할 것으로 추정되며, 이러한 2차 오염을 방지하기 위해서 소각재에 함유되어 있는 다양한 종류의 유기화학물질의 용출특성을 조사하여 이에 대한 효율적이고 적정한 관리가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Wide-line NMR and DSC studies on intrinsically disordered p53 transactivation domain and its helically pre-structured segment

  • Tompa, Peter;Han, Kyou-Hoon;Bokor, Monika;Kamasa, Pawel;Tantos, Agnes;Fritz, Beata;Kim, Do-Hyoung;Lee, Chewook;Verebelyi, Tamas;Tompa, Kalman
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제49권9호
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    • pp.497-501
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    • 2016
  • Wide-line 1H NMR intensity and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were carried out on the intrinsically disordered 73-residue full transactivation domain (TAD) of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and two peptides: one a wild type p53 TAD peptide with a helix pre-structuring property, and a mutant peptide with a disabled helix-forming propensity. Measurements were carried out in order to characterize their water and ion binding characteristics. By quantifying the number of hydrate water molecules, we provide a microscopic description for the interactions of water with a wild-type p53 TAD and two p53 TAD peptides. The results provide direct evidence that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and a less structured peptide not only have a higher hydration capacity than globular proteins, but are also able to bind a larger amount of charged solute ions.

하수슬러지의 가스화 고형 잔재물의 순환자원으로서 물리적 선별에 의한 잠재성 검토 (Testing the Potential of Sewage Sludge Gasification Solid Residues as a Circulating Resource by Physical Separation)

  • 김동현;배성현;김성민;한성수;한요셉;권기운
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.48-56
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    • 2024
  • 본 연구에서는 하수슬러지 가스화 고형 잔류물(GSRs)의 순환자원 활용 가능성을 검토하기 위해 대상제품에 대한 물성평가 및 물리적 분리를 수행하였다. 먼저, 본 연구에 사용된 GSRs는 수도권매립지관리공사를 통해 공급되었으며, 일반적으로 GSRs는 수 mm 입자크기의 다공성 펠릿 형태이었다. 또한, 부분적으로 검은 부분은 미연소 및 가스화되지 않은 탄소로 확인되었으며, 평균 탄소 함량은 5%였다. 또한 실리카, 알루미나, 산화인의 성분이 전체 함량의 70% 이상이었다. 습식분쇄 생성물은 금속성분이 단체분리되어있음 확인하였다. 금속성분과 비금속성분의 물리적 분리가 필요하여 최종적으로 부유선별에 적합한 것으로 결정하였다. 이에, 상대적으로 많은 양의 비금속성분이 농축된 금속 성분을 분리하기 위해 양이온 및 음이온 계면활성제를 선택하여 분리 특성을 확인하고자 하였다. 결과적으로, 금속성분 분리보다 실리카, 알루미나, 인 등 비금속 성분의 농축이 더 용이할 것으로 기대된다. 따라서, 가스화 처리된 하수슬러지 잔재물의 물리적 처리에 가능함에 따라 분리산물에 대한 재활용 방안 제안에 따라 순환자원으로서 잠재성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

HPLC-MSD 를 이용한 식육 중 합성항균제의 동시분석 (Simultaneous detection for synthetic antimicrobials in muscle by high performance liquid chromatography-mass selective detector (HPLC-MSD))

  • 홍인석;최윤화;권택부;이정학
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.317-330
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to develop the analytical method about simultaneous determination for synthetic antimicrobials in muscle by high performance liquid chromatography - mass selective detector (HPLC- MSD). Solid phase extraction (SPE), matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) have been adapted as pretreatment procedures for HPLC- MSD. Among various solvent tested, methanol was chosen for extraction of synthetic antimicrobials in muscles. For the optimized response, the values of various MS parameters including fragment voltage, drying gas flow, nebulizer pressure, drying gas temperature were verified. The average recovery rates using MSPD and SPE for muscles of bovine and pork were 78.9-127.1% and 78.3-121.7%, respectively. This method was verified the satisfactory performance for fourteen synthetic antimicrobials excepting carbadox in muscle of pork as detection limit of $0.05{\mu}g/g$ on API/ES SIM mode.

1,4-Dioxane의 분석방법 연구 (A Study on the Research of Analytical Method for 1,4-Dioxane in Water)

  • 박선구;김태호;임연택;명노일
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.549-563
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    • 2005
  • The study was carried out to develop and standardize the analytical method of 1,4-dioxane in water. The National Institute of Environmental Research in Korea has monitored for 1,4-dioxane in water since 1998 and it has been detected in environmental water occasionally. But the environmental pollution and analytical method in water is not well known over the world. The trace analytical method at low-${\mu}/L$ level is prerequisite in order to evaluate the residue of 1,4-dioxane in water. Evaluation of the method was demonstrated by comparing and analyzing with liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and purge & trap technique. As a result of experiment by standard solutions and raw samples, the precision and accuracy for three methods were obtained within error rate of about 10%. Therefore, three methods were standardized as official monitoring method in Korea. Also, a convenient and simple liquid-liquid extraction method for the analysis of 1,4-dioxane in water was developed by combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and applied to the water samples in Korea

Solid-Phase Extraction of L-Muscone from Aqueous Samples with Amberlite XAD-4 for Gas Chromatographic Assay

  • Paik, Man-Jeong;Kim, Kyoung-Rae
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.539-543
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    • 2004
  • An efficient analytical method was devised for the accurate L-muscone assay in aqueous samples. It involves solid-phase extraction of L-muscone in adsorption mode using XAD-4 as the sorbent and dichloromethane modified with 10% (v/v) methanol as the eluting solvent. The gas chromatographic analysis of the eluate residue dissolved in toluene on a DB-5MS capillary column provided complete resolution of L-muscone from the co-extracted interferences. The overall method showed excellent linearity ($r^2{\geq}$ 0.9994) in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL with good intra- and inter-day precisions (% RSD = 2.5~7.3) and with high extraction recovery rates ($\geq$ 98.1 %). When the present method was applied to a L-muscone herbal drink product, the within-batch RE (%) in the labeled concentration (1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) for the three randomly chosen bottles were -2.4, -1.3 and -3.3 with high precision (% RSD $\leq$ 3.1). The present method is considered to be suitable for quality control evaluation on liquid drinks and other complex formulations fortified with L-muscone.

간장박의 휘발성 향기성분에 관한 연구 (Studies on Volatile Flavor Compounds of Soy Sauce Residue)

  • 차용준;왕문봉;차하람
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제45권12호
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    • pp.1755-1761
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    • 2016
  • 간장박 및 그 산가수분해물의 휘발성 향기성분을 SPME/GC/MSD 분석법으로 분석한 결과 총 79종의 화합물이 간장박(66종)과 산가수분해물(60종)에서 동정되었다. 에스테르 및 알코올류가 각각 15종으로 가장 많았고, 알데히드류 11종, 산류 9종, 방향족 화합물류 8종, 퓨란류 8종, 케톤류 7종 및 기타 화합물류 6종이었다. 함량 면에서는 간장박에서 알코올 함량(433.37 ng/g)이 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 알데히드류(273.01 ng/g), 에스테르류(236.80 ng/g) 및 방향족 화합물류(180.66 ng/g) 순이었다. 산가수분해물에서는 퓨란류가 249.27 ng/g으로 가장 많았으며(P<0.05), 알코올을 제외한 나머지 화합물류는 15 ng/g 미만이었다. 간장박에서는 4종의 에스테르류, 3-methylbutyl acetate(바나나/배향), ethyl 3-methyl butanoate(익은 과일향), ethylbenzene acetate(와인향), ethyl 3-methyl butanoate(사과향), 3종의 알코올류, 3-methyl-1-butanol(과일/위스키향), 2-phenylethanol(꽃/달콤한향), 1-octen-3-ol(버섯향), 4종의 알데히드류, (E)-2-phenyl-2-butenal(초코렛향), benzaldehyde(알몬드향), 3-methylbutanal(엿기름향), 2-phenylacetaldehyde(꽃향), 4종의 방향족 화합물류, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol(연기향/간장향), 4-ethylphenol(약품향), 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol(나무향), phenol(나무향) 및 2종의 퓨란류, fufural(알몬드향), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone(카라멜향)이 지배적이었다. 반면에 산가수분해물에서는 furfural, 5-methylfurfural(알몬드향), 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde 등의 화합물이 지배적이었다.

Oxytetracycline과 Tetracycline의 약욕에 따른 양식어류 (넙치, 조피볼락, 참돔)의 조직내 잔류량의 변화 (Tissue Distribution after dipping administration of Oxytetracycline and Tetracycline in Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and Red sea bream (Pagrus major))

  • 이후장;김석;하지영;강석중;정원철;정희식;허성혁;신용운;김경원;김대근
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.155-164
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    • 2006
  • Oxytetracycline과 tetracycline을 넙치, 조피볼락 그리고 참돔에 각각 약욕을 통하여 투여한 다음, 휴약기간 동안 근육조직 내 잔류와 분포를 조사하였다. 실험어는 해수 중에서 일정한 크기의 케이지에 일반 상업용 사료를 주어 사육하였고, 실험에 사용하기에 앞서 15일 동안 환경에 적응시켰다. 약제투여는, oxytetracycline 50 g을 물 1 톤에 투여하고 넙치, 조피볼락, 그리고 참돔을 각각 30분 동안 약욕하였고, tetracycline 18 g을 물 1톤에 투여하고 실험어들을 5시간 동안 약욕하였다. 혈액과 근육시료는 약제투약 전, 약제투약 후 1, 2, 3, 그리고 5일에 각각의 실험어를 대상으로 채취하였다. Oxytetracycline과 tetracycline의 잔류분석은 고형상추출을 한 후 고속액체크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분석하였다. Oxytetracycline의 회수율은 혈액에서는 71-77%이었고, 근육에서는 78-84%를 보였다. 또한, tetracycline의 회수율은 혈액에서 70-79%, 근육에서 73-78%를 보였다. 약욕 직후, 조피볼락의 근육 중 oxytetracycline과 tetracycline의 잔류농도가 넙치와 참돔의 근육 중 잔류농도에 비하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 높았으며, 약욕 후 5일째에는, 모든 실험어의 근육 중 oxytetracycline과 tetracycline의 잔류농도가 고속액체크로마토그래피의 검출한계인 0.05 mg/kg 이하로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, oxytetracycline과 tetracycline의 약욕을 통한 투여는 넙치, 조피볼락 그리고 참돔의 근육 중에서 안전휴약기간 보다도 일찍 소실되는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 경구 또는 주사를 통한 투여보다도 체내 소실이 빨리 일어나는 것으로 추정된다.

Development of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using a Lipid-Extracted Alga, Dunaliella tertiolecta, for Esterification

  • Ryu, Young-Jin;Kim, Z-Hun;Lee, Seul Gi;Yang, Ji-Hyun;Shin, Hee-Yong;Lee, Choul-Gyun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.732-738
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    • 2018
  • Novel carbon-based solid acid catalysts were synthesized through a sustainable route from lipid-extracted microalgal residue of Dunaliella tertiolecta, for biodiesel production. Two carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared by surface modification of bio-char with sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) and sulfuryl chloride ($SO_2Cl_2$), respectively. The treated catalysts were characterized and their catalytic activities were evaluated by esterification of oleic acid. The esterification catalytic activity of the $SO_2Cl_2$-treated bio-char was higher ($11.5mmol\;Prod.{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}gCat.\;^{-1}$) than that of commercial catalyst silica-supported Nafion SAC-13 ($2.3mmol\;Prod.{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}gCat.^{-1}$) and $H_2SO_4$-treated bio-char ($5.7mmol\;Prod.{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}gCat.^{-1}$). Reusability of the catalysts was examined. The catalytic activity of the $SO_2Cl_2$-modified catalyst was sustained from the second run after the initial activity dropped after the first run and kept the same activity until the fifth run. It was higher than that of first-used Nafion. These experimental results demonstrate that catalysts from lipid-extracted algae have great potential for the economic and environment-friendly production of biodiesel.

Application of a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay to determine streptomycin residues in muscle tissue of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and red sea bream (Pagrus major)

  • Chung, Hee Sik;Kim, Suk;Chun, Myung Sun;Jung, Won Chul;Kim, Dong Hyeok;Shon, Ho Yeong;Lim, Jeong Ju;Lee, Hu-Jang
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.241-245
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    • 2007
  • Parallux (IDEXX Laboratories, USA), a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay (SPFIA) developed for antibiotics residue detection in milk, was applied for analysis of antibiotics in muscle tissue of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and red sea bream (Pagrus major). Fishes were dipped in streptomycin 20 g/ton water, the recommended therapeutic dose, for 3 consecutive days. Muscle was sampled after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day drug treatment. The concentration of streptomycin in muscle, determined by SPFIA, was compared with that of internal standard (200 ppb as streptomycin). The absorbance ratio of sample to internal standard (S/C) was employed as an index to determine the muscle residues in fishes. The standard solutions were added to muscle samples to give final concentrations in muscle of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/ml to investigate the recovery rate. The recovery rates of all spiked samples were > 84% of the spiked value. Streptomycin was detected in muscles of fishes treated after the 1st day of withdrawal period. The present study showed that the SPFIA can be easily adopted in predicting muscle tissue residues for streptomycin in farmed fishes.