• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.635-641
• /
• 2012

Chitosan이 친환경 고추재배를 위한 친환경자재로써 토양환경개선과 고추수량 등에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 엽면시비, 토양관주, 두 가지를 혼합처리 하였다. 침지시간에 따른 발아율은 무처리에서 99.4%였고, chitosan 농도가 낮을수록 침지시간이 짧을수록 발아율은 높았지만 대조구보다는 낮았다. 수확기에 조사한 토양화학성분은 chitosan 처리방법에 관계없이 정식전 보다 모두 감소하였다. Chitosan 처리횟수가 증가할수록 토양중 세균과 방선균 밀도는 증가하였고, chlorophyll 함량은 대조구보다 많았다. 고추 잎의 P 함량은 차이가 없었지만, N는 14일 간격으로 엽면시비를 하거나 21일 간격으로 토양관주를 했을 때 무처리 수준과 같았고, Ca, Mg, K는 7일 간격으로 혼합처리시 높은 경향을 보였으며, 토양관주를 했을 때 생육상태는 가장 우수하였지만, 수량은 대조구에서 $383kg\;10a^{-1}$ 수준으로 가장 많았고, 토양관주 처리에서 대조구의 93.0~95.0% 수준을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2022

Modem agricultural production needs to provide sustainable management practices that are eco-friendly and low cost. Plant extracts are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plant growth regulators. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of various plant extracts produced using different extraction methods on the vegetative growth of rice under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For this study, seventeen plant extracts were made from plant species such as leaves of M. arvense, C. asiatica, M. oleifera, V. radiata, V. unguiculate, P. guajava, A. vera, and A. tuberosum, aboveground plant parts of C. rotundus, M. sativa, and P. frutescens, roots of R. undulatum, tubers of A. sativum, leaves and stems of G. max (cv. Taegwang) as well as rice straw and hulls (cv. Hopyeong). As a test crop, we applied these extracts to rice plants. For the purpose of making our extracts, some plant materials and species were collected in fields and others were purchased from Chonnam Hanyaknonghyup Cooperation (South Korea). Leaves, roots, and aboveground plant parts of plant species were dried, ground, extracted (water, boiling water and ethanol) and fermented. Rice growth promotion effects were determined using plant extracts at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% concentrations under petri dish conditions. Seven selected plant extracts were applied to rice seeds with soil drench application or seedling at 3-4 leaf stages with soil and foliar applications under greenhouse conditions. For comparison with extracts, we used urea at 0.6%. Of the 17 water extracts used in this study, 10 extracts reduced rice growth, but the other 7 extracts (P. guajava, A. vera, A. tuberosum, M. sativa, A. sativum, and G. max) increased growth by 40-60% on compared to the control in Petri dish bioassay. Thus, these 7 extracts were selected for further study. Under greenhouse conditions, rice growth also increased by 20-40% when the same 7 extracts were applied to rice seeds using soil drench application. Furthermore, at the 3-4 leaf stage rice growth also increased 30-80% or 30-60% when the same 7 extracts were applied using soil and foliar applications. Overall, the 7 extracts produced higher rates of growth promotion when soil drench application was used than when foliar application was used. In the case of boiling water and ethanol extracts, rice growth increased only 20% in response to both soil drench and foliar application of the same 7 extracts. Rice growth promotion was greater when extracts were produced using water extraction method than boiling water and ethanol extraction methods. Most notably, the 7 water extracts used in this study produced higher rates of growth promotion than urea at 0.6% which is typically used for crop growth promotion. Overall, the 7 water extracts when applied using soil drenching method can be used as effective growth promotors of rice in organic agriculture.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1542-1550
• /
• 2016

This is the first report that paromomycin, an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces sp. AG-P 1441 (AG-P 1441), controlled Phytophthora blight and soft rot diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici and Pectobacterium carotovorum, respectively, in chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Chili pepper plants treated with paromomycin by foliar spray or soil drenching 7 days prior to inoculation with P. capsici zoospores showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in disease severity (%) when compared with untreated control plants. The disease severity of Phytophthora blight was recorded as 8% and 50% for foliar spray and soil drench, respectively, at 1.0 ppm of paromomycin, compared with untreated control, where disease severity was 83% and 100% by foliar spray and soil drench, respectively. A greater reduction of soft rot lesion areas per leaf disk was observed in treated plants using paromomycin (1.0 μg/ml) by infiltration or soil drench in comparison with untreated control plants. Paromomycin treatment did not negatively affect the growth of chili pepper. Furthermore, the treatment slightly promoted growth; this growth was supported by increased chlorophyll content in paromomycin-treated chili pepper plants. Additionally, paromomycin likely induced resistance as confirmed by the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes: PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, PR-4, peroxidase, and PR-10, which enhanced plant defense against P. capsici in chili pepper. This finding indicates that AG-P 1441 plays a role in pathogen resistance upon the activation of defense genes, by secretion of the plant resistance elicitor, paromomycin.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.568-573
• /
• 2001

본 실험은 triazole계 화합물을 백일홍 'Dream Land Rose'와 'Dream Land Scarlet'에 경엽살포 또는 토양관주처리를 하여 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 경엽살포처리에서 'Dream Land Rose'의 초장은 tebuconazole, diniconazole, bitertanol에서 크게 감소하였으며 특히, tebuconazole이 가장 큰 왜화효과를 보였고 지상부 생체중도 가장 적었다. 꽃의 직경, 생체중, 건물중도 tebuconazole 고농도에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 한편, 개화소요일수는 약제처리에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 'Dream Land Scarlet'의 초장도 모든 처리에서 감소하였고, 특히 tebuconazole에서 현저한 감소를 보였다. 개화소요일수는 diniconazole에서 단축되었다. 토양관주처리에서 'Dream Land Rose'의 초장은 diniconazole과 myclobutanil에서 감소하였으나 diniconazole이 더 효과적이었다. 개화소요일수는 diniconazole에서 단축되었다. 'Dream Land Scarlet'의 초장은 모든 처리에서 감소하였으며, mycrobutanil $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$에서 극심한 억제현상을 보여서 개화가 이루어지지 못하였다. 개화소요일수는 diniconazole에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.581-583
• /
• 1999

생장억제제인 uniconazole의 토양관주 처리가 포인세티아의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 포인세티아 재배시 적절한 uniconazole의 적절한 처리량과 처리시기를 제시하고자 시험을 수행한 결과, uniconazole의 토양관주시 초장, 분지장, 엽면적은 처리농도가 높아질수록 억제효과도 커지는 경향을 보였으며 0.05-0.10mg/pot 처리범위에서 적절한 효과를 보였다. Unionazole의 토양관주 처리시기가 이를수록 초장, 분지장, 엽면적이 크게 단축되었으며 모든 처리구에서 uniconazole처리에 따른 특징적인 약해는 관측되지 않았다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 2007

2,4-D를 비롯한 9종의 식물생장조절제를 선발하여 벼 도열병에 대한 방제 효과를 실험하였다. 각각의 식물생장조절제를 $500\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$의 농도로 조절하여 벼의 유묘에 경엽처리하였을 경우, 2,4-D만 98.9%의 효과를 보였을 뿐, 나머지의 식물생장조절제는 50% 이하의 낮은 효과, 또는 무처리구보다도 높은 발병율을 보였다. 하지만 토양에 관주처리하였을 경우에는 2,4-D, indole butyric acid, triiodebenzoic acid가 98.9, 97.8, 88.9%의 효과를 보였으며, ethephone과 abscisic acid는 50%의 효과를 보였다. IBA를 토양 관주처리하였을 때 벼 도열병에 대한 효과는 처리한 농도에 비례하였는데, 125와 $250\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$의 처리에서는 벼 도열병의 발생을 71.7과 85.8% 억제하였다. 벼 성체 식물에 2.56 kg/10a의 수준으로 토양 관주처리하였을 경우에는 63.9%의 방제효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 IBA는 토양 관주처리에 의해서 벼 도열병에 대한 효과가 우수한 것으로 판명되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.312-317
• /
• 2000

The selected five plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, WR8-3 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), WR8-6 (P. putida), WR9-9 (P. fluorescens), WR9-11 (Pseudomonas sp.), and WR9-16 (P. putida) isolated in the rhizosphere of watermelon plants were tested on their growth promotion and control effect against gummy stem rot of watermelon. Strains, WR8-3 and WR9-16 significantly increased stem length of watermelon, and there was a little increase in leaf area, fresh weight and root length when strains, WR8-3, WR9-9 and WR9-16 were treated. Generally, seed treatment was better for plant growth promotion than the soil drench, but there was no significant difference. Seed treatment and soil drench of each bacterial strain also significantly reduced the mean lesion area (MLA) by gummy stem rot, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments. At initial inoculum densities of each strain ranging from 10$^6\;to\;10^{15}$ cfu/g seed, approximately the same level of disease resistance was induced. But resistance induction was not induced at the initial inoculum density of 10$^3$ cfu/g seed. Resistance was induced by treating the strains, WR9-9, WR9-11 and WR9-16, on all of four watermelon varieties tested, and there was no significant difference in the decrease of gummy stem rot among varieties. Populations of the strains treated initially at log 9-10 cfu/g seed, followed with a rapid decrease from planting day to 1 week after planting, but the population density was maintained above log 5.0 cfu/g soil until 4 weeks after planting. Generally no or very weak in vitro antagonism was observed at the strains treated excepting WR9-11. Rifampicin-resistant bacteria which had been inoculated were not detected in the stems or leaves, which suggesting that the bacterium and the pathogens remained spatially separated during the experiment. This is the first report of rsistance induction in watermelon to gummy stem rot by PGPR strains.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제7권
• /
• pp.77-81
• /
• 1969

오이덩굴쪼김병에 대한 Carbamisol. NCS, Similuton, Soill, Captan, Difolatan, Grand 및 소석회등의 토양소독효과를 침지법, Zentmyer법, pot 및 포장시험 등으로 시험한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 침적법에서는 공시된 약제중 소석회를 제외하고는 모두 살균효과가 있었다. 그러나 Zentmyer의 drench법에서는 Grand 유제와 Similuton을 제외하고는 모두 살과균효가 없었다. 2. Pot시험에서는 Grand 유제가 가장 효과적이었고 그 다음이 Similuton 및 oxysporum의 수도 Grand 유제를 처리한 구가 타약제구에 비하여 현저하게 적었다. 3. 포장시험에서의 오이덩굴쪼기병에 대한 약제의 효과는 화합물의 종류에 따라 차이가 있는데, 공시된 살균제중 Grand유제가 가장 효과적이었으며 다음으로 Difolatan이 효과적이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.333-343
• /
• 2009

Here, we show that an endophytic bacterial strain, Enterobacter asburiae B1 exhibits the ability to elicit ISR in cucumber, tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. This indicates that strain B1 has a widespread ability to elicit ISR on various host plants. In this study, E. asburiae strain B1 did not show antifungal activity against tested major fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, the siderophore production by E. asburiae strain B1 was observed under in vitro condition. In greenhouse experiments, the root treatment of strain B1 significantly reduced disease severity of cucumber anthracnose caused by fungal pathogen C. orbiculare compared to nontreated control plants. By root treatment of strain B1 more than 50% disease control against anthracnose on cucumber was observed in all greenhouse experiments. Simultaneously, under the greenhouse condition, the soil drench of strain B1 and a chemical inducer benzothiadiazole (BTH) to tobacco plants induced GUS activity which is linked with activation of PR promoter gene. Furthermore, in Arabidopsis thaliana plants the soil drench of strain B1 induced the defense gene expression of PR1 and PDF1.2 related to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways, respectively. In this study, for the main focus on root colonization by strain B1 associated with defense responses, bacterial cells of strain B1 was tagged with the gfp gene encoding the green fluorescent protein in order to determine the colonization pattern of strain B1 in cucumber. The gfp-tagged B1 cells were found on root surface and internal colonization in root, stem, and leaf. In addition to this, the scanning electron microscopy observation showed that E. asburiae strain B1 was able to colonized cucumber root surface.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 1975

감교선출(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)에 대한 DBCP(Dibromo chloropropane) $80\%$ 유제의 처리방법 및 약량과 회수를 규명코저 시험하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 약량의 증가에 다라, 점주가 관주처리보다 좋은 효과를 보였다. 2. 온주귤원에서는 배수가 나빠서 2회처리로서 좋은 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 3. 점토함량이 낮은 하귤원에는 3.3-4.4l/10a의 1회점주처리가, 점토함량이 높은 온주귤원에는 4.4l/10a씩 2회점주처리가 좋았다.