• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.203-230
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• 2013

The present study aimed to analyze possible causal relationship between drinking problem and depression. In addition, The study examined if poverty status transition is associated with the causal relationship between drinking problem and depression. The study sample consisted of 3,976 adults who have participated in both the first and the second wave survey of the Korea Welfare Panel Study. The causality between drinking problem and depression was analyzed using Latent Difference Scores (LDS) model, which was established in McArdle & Hanagami (2001). Furthermore, it was examined if poverty status transition (represented by four subgroups: poverty-sustained group, poverty-escaping group, non-poverty-sustained group, poverty beginning group) would influence the causal relationship between drinking problem and depression. The major findings are as follows. The result of a LDS model analysis using the entire sample shows that depression at the first wave predicts significantly the change of drinking problem between the first wave and the second wave and also drinking problem at the first wave predicts significantly the change of depression between the first wave and the second wave, which can be interpreted as there is reciprocal causal relationship between depression and drinking problem. In poverty status transition subgroup analyses, the reciprocal causal relationship between depression and drinking problem is held in the poverty-sustained group while depression is a cause of drinking problem both in the poverty beginning group and in the non-poverty-sustained group. However, there is no significant causal relationship between depression and drinking problem in the poverty-escaping group. All these findings indicate that the direction of causality between depression and drinking problem can be varied according the poverty status change, which provides a comprehensive explanation to inconsistent research findings from previous cross-section studies of the relationship between depression and drinking problem.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.219-233
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• 2016

As social problems including aging, depopulation, healthcare, poverty, a lot of government, organizations is trying to solve the problems. Recently, social innovation is emerging as strategy for solving social problems around the world. Social innovation means more effective, sustainable and new solutions that increase total values of society. This study attempts to introduce microworks of the Samasource as a case of the business-community innovation model using IT. Samasource is one of three social ventures under the nonprofit organization Sama Group established in 2008. Its mission is to alleviate worldwide poverty by connecting unemployed people in impoverished countries to digital work. Based on the internet model "microwork", they split huge digital projects into small scales, and deliver them to BOP(Bottom Of Pyramid) groups through the internet. This case describes a business model, revenue model, and impact of Samasource's Microwork. Implications of the case were suggested in the conclusion. To this end, I would like to provide a meaningful implication to researchers and founders of the South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.44
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• pp.178-208
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• 2001

This study concerns the understanding of 'social exclusion' which is getting poplular in Europe as the new term or paradigm in order to resolve poverty problem. As case study on the France, the purpose of this study is to extract the consideration of welfare policy and suggestions as to us. In order to understand comprehensively the concept 'social exclusion' and the situation of the France, this study analyzes the existing researches on its concept and tries to realize a comparative study. Thus, this study indicates that the France is the state which has taken the most interest in 'social exclusion'. The second parti of this study concerns the change of the concept 'social exclusion' and its policies in the France. The concept 'social exclusion' which has used in the 1960's, has settled as the term of policies in the 1980's, thanks to seriousness of poverty and unemployment problem and change of social consciousness (opinion). As policy on the 'social exclusion', there are Revenu minimum d'insertion of the 1988 and law on the social exclusion of the 1998. Through analysis of policies on the 'social exclusion' in the France, we can get the following consideration of welfare policy and suggestions: on the macro level, the necessity to establish the comprehensive perspective on the poverty problem, invention and development of the term as regard to social new problem; on the micro lever, planning of welfare program according to clients needs, importance of perpetual assessing of the existing welfare program and institutions, the institutional establishment of 'reserve budget', the application of decentralization principle and the active participation of the private sector in order to promote the effectiveness and the efficiency of the program and institutions.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.251-274
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• 2007

Although linkages between poverty and disability are often noted, until recently they have not been systematically examined in Korea. Many people with disabilities tend to become poorer because they lack access to jobs. And income support programs are not sufficient. But more severe is people with disabilities in labor market tend to be poor. The purposes of this study were to explore the characteristics of working poor with disabilities and to identify the major determinants of poverty. For this, '2005 Survey on the Workers With Disabilities' was used. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, logistic regression. The results showed that gender, age, education level, marital status, region where they live, the number of the household member, the severity of disability, the onset of disability are significant predictors in determining their poverty status. Also employment status, occupation type, industry type, numbers of years in current job are major determinants of their poverty status. Finally, based on these results several policy implications were presented.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.736-751
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• 2009

China is in the process of carrying out socialist planned economic system and capitalist market economic system along with its reforms and opening. In the process, the problem of poverty is surfacing along with the commercialization of housing. In this study, we've analyzed China's social security system through literature at home and abroad based on the concept of place poverty, and have pointed out the characteristics and problems of Chinese urban housing reform centered around what we've identified. Furthermore, we've divided up China into 8 zones, and have examine the characteristic of each area by population & social index, economic index, and housing index. As a result of analysis, the process of urban housing reform had an effect on housing poverty, and appeared to have different characteristics by zone. In this study, since China's situation by area is very diverse, it presents a point that we must approach with not a monistic method but a pluralistic method regarding housing policy.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to analyze the environment of poverty children as reported by the children on a questionnaire. The conception of the environment was divided into the physical environment and the sociopsychological environment. The dimensions of the physical environment included household, cultural, and play conditions. The sociopsychological environment included structural (family values, family relationships, and the reinforcement system) and process variables(affect, care, and communication). For the purpose of this survey was administered to 122 children living in a poverty area and 102 children living in a middle-high income area. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, distribution, percentile, mean and one-way ANOVA. Major findings showed that (1) The physical environment as reported by the poverty children was meager compared with that of children in the middle-high income area: the households were more overcrowded, and cultural conditions, play materials, and space was more limited. (2) The Structural conditions of the sociopsychological environment as perceived by poverty children were more material and physical than that of children in the middle-high income area: family values were oriented more toward materialism: family relationships were more negative and distant: and the reinforcement system was based more on material reward and physical punishment. (3) Process variables were perceived by poverty children as more laissez-faire and rigid; the parents neglected their children and communicated unilaterally more than the middle-high income parents. (4) Poverty children's perception of the causes of poverty and wealth were perceived as personal and social factors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Purpose - While many related prior studies have focused on the segregation by race and ethnicity, the academic interest in the separation of residence by income and social class is gradually increasing. This study aims to not only investigate spatial pattern of economic segregation and poverty rate in South Korea, but also shed light on what affect residential distribution of the poor. Research design, data, and methodology - The unit of analysis is Si-Gun-Gu municipal level entities of South Korea. Most demographic, socioeconomic, and residential variables were derived from Korean Census Data in 2015. In order to examine spatial patterns of economic segregation and poverty rate in South Korea, a series of measurements and visualization was conducted through the Geo-Segregation Analyzer and ArcGIS programs. Determinants of economic segregation and local poverty rates were investigated by regression analyses using STATA. Results - The spatial patterns of areas with high poverty rates were extremely clustered, while the distribution of areas with high economic segregation was relatively evenly distributed. Demographic, residential, and local factors appeared to affect whether the poor live in particular area or spread evenly. Conclusions - The factors that raise the poverty rate result in lower level of economic segregation, while factors that reduce the poverty rate lead to severe level of economic segregation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.637-646
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• 2021

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of access to finance on the different dimensions of poverty. To achieve the objectives of the study, the participants/beneficiaries of the Mudra scheme were included and sample of target respondents was extracted through multistage random sampling technique. The sample for the study was taken from the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir of India. The study further utilized secondary data from the government official websites and lead banks. A paired t-test was applied to test the impact of access to finance across the various dimensions of poverty by constructing the Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI), after checking the normality of the data. MPI incorporates dimensions such as education, health, and standard of living.The finding of the study revealed that dimensions of poverty responded positively to access to finance. The study shows that larger access to finance has helped in reducing the multidimensional poverty by having moderate, but positive impact on the standard of living, health, and education, thereby improving the lives of the poor. The present study identified that the level of impact of access to finance is moderate and further explains its importance for policy implications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.26
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• pp.113-137
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• 2008

Present study investigated the effects of poverty and poverty-co-factors in childhood. The effect of poverty status was measured by needs-income ratio. It compared its effect on children's socio-emotional development with that of poverty proxy variables such as recipient of public assistance, financial stress, subjective perception about social class, residence in public housing. It also examined the effects of poverty-co-factors after poverty status were controlled. Results show that poverty status has a more consistent negative relationship with socio-emotional development than other proxy variables. However, the relationship between them disappeared after poverty-co-factors were controlled. Findings from the present study suggest that targeted efforts for decreasing poverty-co-factor risks should be made along with financial support.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.57-92
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• 2016

The Correlations Between the Labour Market Structure and Poverty of the Regions The main objectives of this study are to make an investigation into the spatial characteristics of poverty and to analyze the effects of regional labour market structure. Most previous studies on poverty were more likely to examine internal factors like the characteristics of poor households or family structures than external factors in terms of the regional environments. In order to achieve these goals, this study used the Small Area Estimation designed to estimate the income of each household and then calculate the poverty rate of each local area in order to examine the spatial characteristics of poverty. The poverty distribution in Korea showed the local labour market structures effect on the region poverty rate. The Korean economy now exhibits a big gap between the haves and the have-nots and between urban areas and rural areas. The poverty rate of particular regions will increase and those in the areas will face deteriorated circumstances falling into poverty traps. This study reflects this stern reality and empirically proved the strong need for consideration of regional characteristics in conducting studies on poverty and related policy amendments.