• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.59-89
• /
• 2010

One of the key words that represent the culture and social phenomena in this 21st century is 'Digital Convergence'. Presently our society is going through the second evolving phase of the convergence, integration between industries. Integration between industries refers to the phenomenon of integrating various industrial areas such as broadcasting, communication, finance, automobile, and medical treatment as the range of IT utilization becomes extended. The telecommunication-broadcasting bundling is a typical example of integration between industries. This study analyzed the effect of the service features of the bundling on the customer's acceptance intention by applying the innovative technology product acceptance model, TAM, in the process of accepting the telecommunication-broadcasting bundling. This study suggests three independent variables, the 'low cost(discount)', 'service integrity', and 'selectability', which affect perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk, and figures out the actual influence as follows. In conclusion, these results suggest that in order to accept and spread the telecommunication-broadcasting bundling, it is necessary to establish (1) the cost discounting strategy realize (price strategy), (2) the fee noticing system, payment system, call-service system, and systemic integration including installation and A/S system integration, and develop (service strategy), (3) the bundling or related options that can provide users with selectability (product strategy).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.751-759
• /
• 1998

The study of the validity test on the self-monitoring scale for nurses In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of the self-monitoring scale. The self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen(1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity were found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale did not factor-load at over. 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lacks convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale failed to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monit oring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitori ng scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified in either in a two or three-factor classification as hypothesized. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used and has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were class ified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's α for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound : however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original nor the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over. 30, too high for the two factors in the test results of Factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.253-276
• /
• 2002

Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. Expecially, mother and infant relationship is affected by mother and infant interactions during one year after birth and an omen of mother-infant interaction after birth is mother-fetus interaction. This study was conducted to develop mother-fetus interaction promotion program of talking and tactual stimulation aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas and to evaluate the effect of the nursing intervention program on mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Non-eguivalent control group posttest design was used, and Blumer's symbolic interaction theory and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used a conceptual framework of this study. Fifty primiparas and infant(26 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 24 dyads for control group) were recruited from three general hospital and an OBGY clinic located in Kwang Nung city. Data was collected from January 30th to December 20th in 2001. For the intervention group, programed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction in the 1st trimester. Telephone counselling was provided with interval of two weeks. For two groups, home visiting for data collection of mother- fetus interaction was conducted at 36 to 38 weeks of gestational age. And mother-infant play interactions were assessed at 4 to 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Play situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effect of intervention progrom was determined with t-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. The results were as follows: 1. The significant difference was found in mother-fetus interaction between two groups(t=2.085, P=0.0425). It indicated that intervention progrom was effective in improving mother-fetus interaction. 2. The significant difference was found in mother-infant play interaction between two groups(W=347.5, P=0.0001). In subscale analysis, three subscales showed significant differences between the groups: interactional behavior of mother(t=5.921, P=0.0001), interactional behavior of infant(t=5.736, P= 0.0000), and synchronic interactional behavior of mother and infant(t=7.940, P= 0.0000). In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas promoted mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus's movement should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial for formation of mother - infant relationship, and for promotion the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2017

This study examined what leads to smartphone addiction by looking into personal, environmental, and smartphone characteristics, to identify their influences on the degree of addiction and changes in daily life. Therefore, surveys were conducted on college undergraduates, who get easily addicted to smartphones The study hypotheses were evaluated through a structural equation model on a total of 370 collected survey questionnaires Findings revealed: first, with reference to personal characteristics, the more competent and highly related one is, the more negatively influenced one is in getting addicted to smartphones. Second, as for environmental characteristics, the bigger the social impact is, the more positively influenced one is on smartphone addiction. Third, among the characteristics of a smartphone, the ubiquity showed a positive influence on smartphone addiction. Lastly, the degree to which one is addicted to a smartphone has(either positive or negative) on the changes in one's daily life. These results are not intended to blindly inhibit smartphone use by highlighting the negative aspects of smartphones, but are expected to serve as basic data to develop a preventative and remedial program based on the degree of smartphone addiction.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2015

This study focused on SNS use of Chinese students who are studying in Korea. Communication media like SNS is strongly related with socialization of foreigners. Thus, it is expected to verify relationship between current SNS use tendency of Chinese students and their settlement in Korea based on analysis on the factor influencing SNS use of Chines students. For the study on the factor influencing to SNS use of Chinese students in Korea TAM model was used as a research frame. Based on TAM theory technological attribute, individual attribute and social attribute were taken out as independent variables. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are applied as mediator variables. In research conclusion, some hypotheses are adopted the same as existing theory, but some hypotheses for example service quality and individual attribute are rejected as variables which influence positively to mediator variable perceived easy of use. For the next research more various variables and nationwide sampling will be needed. Based on this research it is expected to be analysed correlation between foreigners settlement in Korea and communication media like SNS.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.173-186
• /
• 1998

In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen (1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity was found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale, did not factor-load at over 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lack convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale fail to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monitoring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitoring scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study, it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified as hypothesized in either in a two or three-factor classification. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used but also has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study 1. was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were classified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's alpha for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound ; however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original or the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over .30, too high for the two factors in the test results of factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.58
• /
• pp.215-241
• /
• 2019

This study approached the military security problem from the viewpoint of social psychology in view of the fact that the military security problem has been focused on the technical field such as cyber security along with the development of defense science and technology. In this background, we examined the causal relationship between variables after extracting variables affecting the security problem of the military through previous research. The significance of the study results is as follows. First, the military culture has a direct and indirect influence on improving the willingness to adhere to security and the security level of military organizations, as well as contributing to the establishment of military values. This indicates that the overall organizational culture of the current military is influencing the security consciousness of the soldiers and the achievement of organizational security, while at the same time showing the need for effort to create the right organizational culture. Second, the values of soldiers had a positive effect on the willingness of the individual to obey the security and the security performance. Values begin with an understanding of organizational culture and indicate that efforts can be made to establish an organizational security posture when the right values are formed. Third, we have improved the completeness of the study by verifying the causal relationship by extracting variables that correspond to the context of the ROK military.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2018

This research was implemented to check what effects entrepreneurship have on the entrepreneurial intention verify the emotional factor 'Fear on Business' in terms of the relationship between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. Above all, in the study Health Belief Model was applied to research into emotional factors, such as 'Fear on Business'. Specifically, it was performed to check what effects 'Fear on Business' has on the entrepreneurial intention and to see if there are any mediating effects between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. To achieve the research purposes above, the students who took a business start-up and entrepreneurship related course were surveyed (all 356); and research findings were produced. To summarize the findings, entrepreneurship did influence the entrepreneurial intention significantly. In addition, entrepreneurship significantly influenced 'Fear on Business'. And 'Fear on Business' significantly influenced the EI; it turned out that 'Fear on Business' plays a mediating role between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. From these result, it is thought that programs or policies for reducing 'Fear on Business' are needed. Finally, because entrepreneurship can affect the entrepreneurial intention through the medium of 'Fear on Business', it is thought that the government's effort to create a social atmosphere is needed to overcome 'Fear on Business'.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2013

Purpose - With the increase in fervor to purchase luxury brands, new social problems have arisen, such as excessive preoccupation with luxury brands and high preference for forged luxury goods. Therefore, the issues related to luxury brands, termed "Luxury Syndrome," have emerged as an area of great interest for researchers and practitioners. However, previous studies neglect to categorize this preference for luxury brands. Therefore, this study aims to identify the different purchasing behaviors of consumers using the types of luxury brands preferences as parameters. Research design, data, and methodology - This study arranges a causal relationship model assuming that purchase behaviors positively (+) affect typified preference for luxury brands and purchase intentions. We administered a questionnaire survey to the purchasers who bought luxury brands from department stores to secure additional data necessary to verify the hypotheses in this study. We then processed the data using SPSS 19.0. We further analyzed the basic data using frequency and descriptive statistical analysis, and verified the measurement tools through feasibility and reliability analyses. Moreover, this study uses multiple regression analysis to verify the hypotheses. Further, this study tests the path effect between luxury brand purchase attitude and purchase behavior, with non-intrinsic preference and intrinsic preference as the mediating variables. Results - Based on the results, the impact of tendencies of conspicuous consumption and self-monitoring on non-intrinsic preference was significantly positive (+), while the impact of tendencies of pursuit of a reference group, conspicuous consumption, and self-monitoring on intrinsic preference and purchase intentions was significantly positive (+). Further, non-intrinsic and intrinsic preferences positively (+) influence purchase intentions and the impact of non-intrinsic preference took an absolute portion. However, the tendency of dependence on brands negatively (-) impacts purchase intentions. The results showed that self-monitoring and conspicuous consumption tendencies have greater effect on purchase intention, which is mediated by non-intrinsic preference. In contrast, reference group following tendency has a greater effect on purchase intention, which is mediated by intrinsic preference. Conclusions - Based on the results, the study verifies that the consumption of luxury brands in Korea has not yet entered the settling period. The tendency for conspicuous consumption and the tendency for pursuit of the reference group were relatively important aspects for the consumers who prefer luxury brands non-intrinsically and intrinsically, respectively. Especially, it was found that the purchase intentions for forged brands originate from the tendency to depend on brands. Based on these findings, this study suggests the measures to develop and mature the luxury brands market, and reinforce marketing performance at the three levels, that is, government, distributors, and manufacturers. The luxury brands manufacturers should devote themselves to the production and design of products to catch the attention of mature consumers of luxury brands. The luxury brands distributors should then raise the level of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for opinion leaders. Finally, the Government should prepare effective policies for the development of luxury brands and provide a variety of economic support.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2017

Purpose - The study aims to analyze the VMD(Visual Merchandising) perception factors in recent sporting goods store and clarify the effect of each VMD perception factors on brand image, satisfaction, and customer revisit intention. The VMD perception factors play an important role in attracting and actually inducing sales to the visiting customers. It has investigated the effect of VMD perception on customer satisfaction and revisit intention. It is expected that the company's marketing strategy with VMD will be differentiated and competitive in sports item stores, brand image enhancement, customer retention, and acquisition. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to verify the hypotheses of this study, a total of 380 questionnaires had been distributed. 360 respondents were used in the final analysis excluding 20 respondents' incomplete answers. The SPSS 18.0 program was used and the data analysis was conducted for the demographic characteristics and distribution behavior. Principal Components Analysis was used for the common factor extraction for validity analysis, and factor analysis was conducted to verify such as validity in brand image or brand attitude. As for Multiple regression analysis, was performed to verify and in the research model, and in and , the mediation was defined through the Sobel Test in order to verify the brand image mediating effects on VMD, store satisfaction, and revisit inquiry of sports store. Results - Qualitative research shows that VMD sub-variables such as aesthetic, fitness, and functional convenience influence store satisfaction and revisit intention. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of the brand image, the more VMD is strengthened, the more brand image is improved and store satisfaction is also increased. Conclusions - VMD enhancement requires a VMD strategy aligned with the company's management policies and objectives, a visual directing and consistent concept that delivers a strong message to customers. The customer actual purchasing behavior is a combination of various factors such as sports item stores' interior design, display, advertisement promotion like POP(Point of Purchase), salespersons and their service quality, so that the VMD image and the brand image must be consistent and a unique strategic plan is required.