• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.153-174
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to examine the leisure activities of housewives, to identify the factors that influence leisure activities, and to explore the factors contribute to their life satisfaction. So, this study analyses the effects of econo-demographic and socio-cultural variables and of leisure constraint factors on the leisure activities of housewives. And it deals with how these variables and the leisure activities influence life satisfaction of housewives. For these puoposes, 508 housewives residing in Seoul & Daegu were selected for interviews. For data analysis such statistical methods as ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation, adn Multiple Regression Analysis can be summarised. The main findings of the research are as follows: 1. Leisure acivities are classified in Self-developmental, Home-oriented, Time-consuming, Social and Children-concerned types by the technique of factor analysis. The average particiation level was high in Time-consuming type, but low in Self-developmental type. 2. The participation level of leisure activities shows significant differences by selected variables: The Self-developmental type shows significant differences by housewife's education level, income, husband's occupation, role orientation, home management type and leisure constraints. And Children-concerned type was differed to number of family nember, number of children, age of housewife and age of housewife and age of the youngst child. 3. The preference level of leisure activities differ by housewife's education level, income, husband's occupation, home management type and leisure constraints in the Self-developmental and the Social type. And the preference level of Home-oriented leisure activities was high in the middle class of income and husband's occupation. 4. The preference and participation level of leisure activities show differences. And the variables affecting the differences were housewife's age, education level, home management type, role orientation, leisure constraint factors in the Self-developmental type, and were demographic variables such as number of family member, housewife's age in the Home-oriented type. 5. The variables which affected the level of life satisfaction independently were leisure space, income, the participation level of the Self-developmental and the Social type and the preference level of the Self-developmental type.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.163-186
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• 2022

The study was conducted to reveal the influence of variables causing post-traumatic growth and suggest ways to utilize it in the counseling and clinical field. Data from 208 youths in Korea were collected and analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26,0 statistic programs. This study took the perspective that post-traumatic growth was affected by the balanced- time-perspective and social-connectedness and tried to examine the influence and relation of the two variables. A frequency-analysis was performed to identify the demographic characteristics and the trends of the variables, and a Pearson's -correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relations between variables. A hierarchical- regression- analysis was performed to examine the influence of the major variables, And path-analysis was carried out to verify the research model, and the indirect effect was confirmed by using the bootstrapping method. First, religion, among all demographic variables, showed a significant effect on the post-traumatic growth. Second, the balanced-time-perspective and social-connectedness had a significant effect on post-traumatic growth. Third, the balanced time perspective influenced social-connectedness and through this process, the path explaining how post traumatic growth occurs was revealed. This suggests that the both balanced time perspective and social connectedness are important for inducing post- traumatic growth, and the utility of the variables in the counseling and clinical field.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to identify what relationship exists between the children's social competence and psychosocial competence of mother, mother's acceptance for her children and is to clarify how children's sex, the demographic backgrounds of the families are affecting for the children's social competence. The detailed research areas which were dealt with in this study can be described as follows :1) Are there any relationships between mother's psychosocial competence and children's social competence? 2) Are there any relationships between mother's acceptance and children's social competence? 3) Are there any differences in children's social competence according to their sex? 4) Are there any differences in children's social competence according to familie's demographic backgrounds? Third grade 314 children who attend primary-school in Chongju were randomly selected as the subjects for the study and their mothers were also involved as subjects. Among them, mother-daughter pairs are 151 and mother-son pairs are 163. The result of this study is as follows: 1. There appeared significant positive correlations between the mothers' psychosocial competence and children's social competence. 2. There appeared significant positive correlations between the maternal acceptance and children's social competance. As the result of a stepwise multiple regression analysis, maternal acceptance appeared as a variable which indicates children's social competence. 3. There appeared differences in competence between boys and girls, and girls' social competence was higher than that of boys. 4. There appeared children's social competence differences according to the socioeconomic status of a family. Among demographic backgrounds of a family, mothers' academic careers, mothers' age, fathers' jobs, income were the variables which affect children's social competence.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2009

Objectives: This study furthers the currents understanding of alcohol use disorders, stress, mental health status and suicide among Seoul citizens. This study is to identify differences according to socio-demographic variables and variables which affect stress, mental status and suicide for developing mental health programs. Methods: The study subjects using cluster-stratified sampling method were 1234 adults over 19 years old from 17 dong, S-Ku in Seoul City. A cross-sectional study with face-to-face interview was used to collect data. A questionnaire measuring socio-demographic variables, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and psychosocial wellbeing index-short form (PWI-SF) was utilized. Results: Three findings in this study were discussed: (1) The prevalence of problem drinking and alcohol dependence and AUDIT score were significantly higher among male, younger age, and high level of education and income; (2) AUDIT score were related with stress, all 9 symptoms of SCL-R and suicide plan; (3) Problem drinkers were more likely to have 2.5 times of anxiety, 3.0 times of hostility, and 2.4 times psychoticism than non alcohol problem drinkers. Alcohol dependence drinkers were more likely to have 1.9 times of high risk group of stress, 4.1 times of obsessive-compulsive, 4.7 times of anxiety, 5.5 times of hostility, and 2.3 times psychoticism than non alcohol dependence drinkers. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the future intervention of Mental Health programs should be carefully designed and tailored by socio-demographic variables.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.307-329
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• 2022

This study aimed to explore factors which can predict interpersonal tolerance and intolerance. Specifically, the study examined whether tolerance and intolerance would be explained by demographic variables, social desirability, empathy (cognitive empathy and affective empathy), fear of compassion for others, social trust, and zero-sum belief. Participants in the study were 445 adults (218 males and 227 females) who completed an online survey. Data were analyzed by using hierarchical regression analyses to control the effects of demographic variables and social desirability. The results indicated that tolerance was explained by gender, subjective socioeconomic status, social desirability, cognitive empathy, and social trust. In addition, intolerance was predicted by social desirability, fears of compassion for others, and zero-sum belief. It means that the constructs of tolerance and intolerance are distinct, and different factors predict tolerance and intolerance, respectively. Therefore, it would be necessary to develop realistic ways to promote tolerance and to prevent intolerance at the same time in order to achieve co-existence in a multicultural and diverse society.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.263-289
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• 2001

Many studies have shown that the parents of developmentally disabled children are adversely affected by the experience of raising a child of this type. However, the range of reactions to parenting a handicapped child is quite varied and is presumably affected by a wide variety of variables. This study examined a number of demographic and psychosocial variables to determine which particular combination could best predict the current level of stress and coping behavior of mothers. Among predictor variables, marital satisfaction and dysfunctional attitude are variables that I am particularly interested in which can mediate parental stress. Five variables are found to be related to the stress of mothers, that is, level of disability, level of needed help, marital satisfaction, type of disability, father's education level. Also variables that affect four different types of stress (which are four factors of QRS-F) are analysed and the results presented. Among these variables, some are pre-determined and some are intervenable. We should make an effort to make changes in those intervenable variables such as marital satisfaction, beliefs and attitude about disability, and level of needed help. In future research we need to search and clarify the beliefs and attitude that help mothers adjust to a life with a disabled child. Also governmental support and policy making to reduce the burden of these mothers should be accompanied as well.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-39
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• 2012

Many students who attend university are worried about their future employment and academic achievement. Self-leadership is the ability to deal wisely with employment matters and to recognize the employment strategies of students who display self-leadership qualities. For this purpose, 320 questionnaires were distributed to students attending universities in Seoul. The 304 collected questionnaires were used as data for the final analysis. First, the university students' average self-leadership rate was 3.73, and their average employment rate was 3.24. In terms of self-leadership by subordinate domains, the most common strategy was to introduce "natural compensation activities", and the least common strategy was to focus on "inner compensation". For the employment strategy, "academic credit" was the best managed, and "active behavior" was the least well managed. Second, in terms of the differences in self-leadership due to social demographic variables, the self-leadership levels showed significant differences, according to their credits in general. Furthermore, they showed significant differences depending on gender and the leadership experience among the subordinate variables. Moreover, the university students' employment strategies showed significant differences according to gender, leadership experience and leadership education. Third, in terms of the difference between self-leadership and employment strategies due to psychological variables, self-efficacy and university-life satisfaction levels made significant differences in terms of self-leadership. Fourth, the group with high self-leadership levels also had highly developed employment strategies, compared to the group with low self-leadership levels. Fifth, after analyzing the social demographic variables, the psychological variables and the influence of self-leadership, it appears that the explanation level increased at each step. This study demonstrates that experiencing many opportunities that promote self-leadership during university causes students to worry about their future careers and prohibits them from developing into independent, responsible adults who can accomplish their goals.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted to analyze working mother's affectionate and authoritarian behavior according to social demographic variables, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and Job characteristics. Questionnaires were developed and administered to 152 working mothers with 5th and 6th emementary school graders in Gwangju City. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : First, there was no significant differences in working mothers' child-rearing behavior according to social demographic variables. Second, affectionate behavior showed a significant difference according to all sub-factors of self-esteem, and authoritarian behavior showed a significant difference only in moral behavior and self-value. Third, there was a significant difference in both child-rearing behavior according to life satisfaction of working mothers. Fourth, according to job-related variables, there was a significant difference in the affectionate behavior, but not in the authoritarian behavior. Fifth, moral behavior and self-value had significant positive influencies on mother's affectionate behavior, and life satisfaction had negative influencies on authoritarian behavior.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

Purpose - In this study, among the various stresses experienced by single-family senior citizens, we will focus on economic and financial stress and help to comprehend it generally, examine the differences in economic and financial stress and coping behaviors caused by the background variables in the aged group, and verify the variables that affect economic and financial stress, response behavior, and life satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - First of all, frequency analysis and technical statistics were conducted to identify the general characteristics of the elderly (characteristics of demographic sociology, social relationships) and the satisfaction level of life. Secondly, Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis was conducted to analyse influential factors on life satisfaction. Results - looking at the demographic characteristics of the elderly showed that in case the spouse exists, the level of satisfaction in life was shown to be higher. Next, looking at the characteristics of economic stress showed that the lower the economic stress was, the higher the satisfaction level of life was shown. Conclusions - Since stress has been identified as the most influential variable in life satisfaction through this study, we believe that economic and financial stress should be studied together as a parameter to find out which factors influence life satisfaction, or studies to reduce stresses for experts and senior party members altogether is also needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.1 s.29
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• pp.1-12
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of basic needs and demographic variables of adult women upon clothing values. This study was designed with causal model regrading the demographic variables as independent variable: the basic need as interventing variable: the eight clothing values as dependent variables. The major findings of this research can be summarized as following; 1. Age of women has a definite effect on marriage status, school career and income. Age has effect on marriage status in seven values except exploratory value. It has effect on school career in aethetic and political values, and it has also effect on school career and income in social and religious values. 2. Age has no significant direct effect on the basic needs. Marriage status and school career have significant direct effect on the basic needs. Marriage status has positive effect on the need for self-esteem in seven values except exploratory value. The need for self-esteem of unmarried women are stronger than that of married women. School career has negative impact on the need for safety. The women having higher school career do not have strong need for safety in aethetic and social values. 3. School career, income, needs for safety, belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualizing have significant direct effect on clothing values. School career has positive effect on aethetic and political values, and it has negative effect on religious values. Income has negative effect upon social and religious values. Need for safety has negative effect on aethetic values. Need for safety is positively related with need for belongingneses, and they have an effect on the social values. Need for self-esteem has positive effect on the aethetic and political values, and it has negative impact on theoretical, economic, social and religious values. Need for self-actualizing has positive effect on the theoretical values.